GB/T 47630-2026Test methods for the performance of pervious pavement products (English PDF)

6.1 Instruments and Equipment

6.1.1 Steel ruler. graduation value is 1mm.

6.1.2 Steel measuring tape. graduation value is 1mm.

6.1.3 Calipers. graduation value not greater than 0.02mm.

6.1.4 Brick calipers. graduation value not greater than 0.5mm.

6.1.5 Right-angle straightedge. graduation value is 1mm.

6.1.6 Feeler gauge. graduation value not greater than 0.02mm.

6.2 Test Methods

6.2.1 Length and Width At a position 10 mm away from and parallel to the two edges on the top surface of the right-angled hexahedron specimen, measure the length and length using a steel ruler or steel tape measure. Width (see Figure 1), read to 1 mm. The length and width of the specimen are expressed as the arithmetic mean of the two measurements, rounded to 1 mm.

6.2.2 Thickness The thickness was measured with calipers at the midpoint of the length and width of the right-angled hexahedral specimen, 10 mm from the edge (see...). (Figure 1), readings to

0.1 mm. The thickness of the specimen is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the four measurements, rounded to

0.1 mm.

6.2.3 Diagonal Length Use a steel ruler or steel tape measure to measure the lengths of the two diagonals on the top surface of the right-angled hexahedron specimen, and read the values to the nearest 1 mm.

6.2.4 Perpendicularity in the thickness direction Measure the gap between the top surface and the four included angles of the four sides of the right-angled hexahedron specimen using a right-angle straightedge and feeler gauge (see Figure 2), and take the readings to the specified values. 0.5mm.

6.2.5 Right angle Use a right-angle straightedge and feeler gauge to measure the gap between the four adjacent side angles of the right-angled hexahedron specimen (see Figure 3), and read the value to

0.5 mm.

6.2.6 Flatness Place the brick caliper foot arbitrarily on the top surface of the specimen, slide the measuring scale in the middle of the brick caliper, and measure the maximum value of the convex or concave surface on the top surface. (See Figure 4), read the value to

0.5 mm. For flatness measurement, two measuring lines should be selected, and the included angle between the planes of the two measuring lines should not be less than 30°.

6.3 Experimental Data Processing

6.3.1 The deviation of the length or width of the specimen is expressed as the difference between the measured length or width and the specified size, rounded to 1 mm.

6.3.2 The thickness deviation of the specimen is expressed as the difference between the thickness measurement value and the specified size, rounded to

0.1 mm.

6.3.3 The thickness difference of a single piece is expressed as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the four thickness measurements, rounded to

0.1 mm.

6.3.4 The difference in the diagonal length of the specimen is expressed as the difference in the length of the two diagonals, rounded to 1 mm.

6.3.5 Perpendicularity in the thickness direction is expressed as the maximum of the four measurements, rounded to

0.5 mm.

6.3.6 The right angle is expressed as the maximum of the four measurements, rounded to

0.5 mm.

6.3.7 Flatness is expressed as the maximum of the two measurements, rounded to

0.5 mm.

7.1 Instruments and Equipment

7.1.1 Steel ruler. graduation value is 1mm.

7.1.2 Brick calipers. graduation value not greater than 0.5mm.

7.2.2 Cracks

7.2.2.1 Observe and record the number of cracks in the specimen.

7.2.2.2 Measure the maximum projected size of the crack on the surface using a steel ruler, and read the value to 1 mm, as shown in Figure 5, l. If the crack originates from one surface... When extending to another surface, the projected dimensions on both surfaces are accumulated and rounded to 1 mm, as shown in (bh) and (lh) in Figure 5.

7.2.3 Chipped edges or corners

7.2.3.1 Observe and record the number of missing edges or corners on the specimen.

7.2.3.2 Using a steel ruler placed against the edge of the right-angled hexahedron specimen, measure the projected dimensions of the missing edges and corners in the length, width, and thickness directions (see...). (Figure 6), read to 1 mm.

7.2.4 Adhesion or defects Place the brick caliper's support leg arbitrarily on the top surface of the specimen, slide the measuring scale in the middle of the brick caliper, and measure a depth of not less than 1 mm and not more than [missing value]. The maximum dimension at the 2.5mm adhesive or defect location is read to 0.5mm.

8.1 Instruments and Equipment

8.1.1 Electric heating forced air drying oven. The temperature can be controlled at (105±5)°C.

8.1.2 Steel ruler. graduation value is 1mm.

8.1.3 Calipers. graduation value not greater than 0.02mm.

8.1.4 Electronic balance. The display scale division value is not greater than 1g, and the accuracy class is not lower than Class III.

8.1.5 Drying container. a desiccant or sealed box containing a desiccant.

8.2 Test Procedure

8.2.1 When the specimen is a rectangular hexahedron, the length, width, and thickness of each specimen shall be measured piece by piece according to the provisions of

6.2.1 and 6.2.2, and the values of each specimen shall be calculated. The volume V1.

8.2.2 When the specimen is a straight cylinder, measure the diameter and thickness of each specimen individually with calipers, measuring twice each time, and reading to

0.1 mm. The specimen's... The diameter and thickness are expressed as the arithmetic mean of two measurements, rounded to

0.1 mm, and the volume V1 of each specimen is calculated.

8.2.3 Place the specimen in an electrically heated drying oven and dry it at (105±5)°C until it reaches a constant mass. The criterion for constant mass is constant temperature. The change rate of the specimen mass between two weighings before and after 180 minutes was less than 0.2%.

8.2.4 Transfer the specimen to a drying container and cool to room temperature. The cooling time should be no less than 24 hours. Weigh the specimen after drying, and record the mass m1. Up to 1g.

8.3 Experimental Data Processing

8.3.1 The dry apparent density of each specimen is calculated according to formula (1) and rounded to 1 kg/m3. V1

--- The numerical value of the specimen volume, in cubic millimeters (mm3).

8.3.2 The dry apparent density of each group of permeable pavement products is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the dry apparent densities of 5 specimens, rounded to 10 kg/m3.

9.1 Instruments and Equipment

9.1.1 Steel ruler. graduation value is 1mm.

9.1.2 Calipers. graduation value not greater than 0.02mm.

9.1.3 Electronic balance. The display scale division value is not greater than 1g, and the accuracy class is not lower than Class III.

9.1.4 Constant temperature water tank or container. The water temperature should be controlled at (20±2)°C, and the volume should be sufficient to immerse at least one set of test specimens.

9.1.5 Thermometer. Scale division not greater than 0.5°C.

9.1.6 Water container. The volume should be sufficient to suspend one specimen.

9.1.7 Stopwatch. The graduation value is no greater than 1 second.

9.1.8 Others. timers, grilles, wire mesh frames, etc.

9.2.1 Measure the dimensions of each specimen according to the provisions of

8.2.1 or 8.2.2, and calculate the volume V2 of each specimen.

9.2.2 Place the specimen on the grid at the bottom of the constant temperature water tank or pool, ensuring the specimen is at least 25mm from the perimeter and the spacing between specimens. Then add... Immerse the specimen in water at a temperature of (20±2)°C, ensuring the water level is at least 25mm above the specimen, and maintain this temperature for (48±0.5)h.

9.2.3 After removing the specimen from the constant temperature water bath or tank, place it in a water container, and then add water to the container at a temperature of (20±2)°C. Add water and wait until no more bubbles appear. Then weigh the suspended mass m2 of the specimen (see Figure 7) and read the value to 1g.

9.2.4 Remove the specimen from the water, place it on a wire mesh rack and drip water for 5 min ± 10 s, then wipe off the surface moisture with a wrung-out damp cloth, and then weigh it. The mass (m3) of each specimen in its saturated surface-dry state is recorded, and the reading is rounded to 1 g. This process is completed within 6 minutes.

9.3 Experimental Data Processing

9.3.1 The continuous porosity of each specimen is calculated according to formula (2) and rounded to 0.01%.

9.3.2 The continuous porosity of each group of permeable pavement products is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the continuous porosity of 5 specimens, rounded to 0.1%.

10.1 Instruments and Equipment

10.1.1 Testing Machine. Compression testing machine or universal testing machine; the relative error of the indicated value should not exceed ±1%; the expected failure load of the specimen should be the test value. The range of the testing machine should be 20% to 80%. The upper and lower pressure plates of the testing machine should have a ball joint support at one end, allowing for free rotation. The pressure plate size should be larger than the specimen. The dimensions of the pressure-bearing surface.

10.1.2 Steel ruler. graduation value is 1mm.

10.1.3 Constant temperature water tank or container. The water temperature should be controlled at (20±2)°C, and the volume should be sufficient to immerse at least one set of test specimens.

10.1.4 Thermometer. Scale division not greater than 0.5°C.

10.1.5 Stopwatch. The graduation value is no greater than 1 second.

10.1.6 Others. timers, grilles, wire mesh frames, etc.

10.2 Test Procedure

10.2.1 Measure the bearing surface dimensions of each specimen according to the provisions of 6.2.1, and calculate the bearing area S1 of each specimen.

10.2.2 Remove loose particles or residue from the surface of the specimen, and place the specimen upright on its side on the grid at the bottom of the constant temperature water tank or pool, with the specimen at a distance from the surrounding area. The distance between the edge and the specimen should be no less than 25mm. Then add water at a temperature of (20±2)°C, ensuring the water level is at least 25mm above the specimen. (24±0.25)h.

10.2.3 Remove the specimen from the water and place it on a wire mesh rack to drip water for 5 min ± 10 s. Then wipe the water off the surface of the specimen with a wrung-out damp cloth. The specimen is then placed on the lower platen of the testing machine, with the center of the lower platen coinciding with the center of the specimen (see Figure 8).

10.2.4 Start the testing machine. When the upper pressure plate approaches the specimen, adjust the ball seat to ensure uniform contact between the specimen's bearing surface and the upper pressure plate. Apply load to the testing machine. The loading should be uniform and smooth, without causing any impact to the specimen. The loading rate should be (0.5±0.1) MPa/s until the specimen fails. Record the failure load. P1, read up to 10N.

10.3 Experimental Data Processing

10.3.1 The compressive strength of each specimen shall be calculated according to formula (3) and rounded to

0.1 MPa.

10.3.2 The compressive strength of each group of permeable pavement products is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the compressive strength of 5 specimens and the minimum value of a single specimen, rounded to the nearest integer. 1MPa.

11.1 Instruments and Equipment

11.1.1 Testing Machine. Flexural testing machine, universal testing machine, or compression testing machine with flexural testing frame; the relative error of the indicated value should not exceed ± 1%, the expected failure load of the specimen should be 20% to 80% of the testing machine's range.

11.1.2 Support rods and pressure rods. 3 steel rods with a diameter of (38±2) mm and a length of 210 mm, 1 of which is a pressure rod and should have a hinged support; Two additional steel bars form the support rod, at least one of which should be able to roll freely. Before each use, a spirit level and a right angle should be used to test the rod on the workbench. The straightedge should be used to calibrate the support rod and pressure rod, and they can only be used when the straightness requirement is met.

11.1.3 Gaskets. 3 pieces of wooden plywood with a width of (15±1) mm and a thickness of (4±1) mm, and the length should be 10 mm longer than the width of the specimen.

11.1.4 Steel ruler. graduation value is 1mm.

11.1.5 Calipers. graduation value not greater than 0.02mm.

11.1.6 Constant temperature water tank or container. The water temperature should be controlled at (20±2)°C, and the volume should be sufficient to immerse at least one set of test specimens.

11.1.7 Thermometer. Scale division not greater than 0.5°C.

11.1.8 Stopwatch. The graduation value is no greater than 1 second.

11.1.9 Workbench. A smooth, flat surface of appropriate size made of a hard material. It must be checked and approved with a spirit level before it can be put into use.

11.1.10 Others. spirit level, right-angle straightedge, timer, grid, wire mesh frame, etc.

11.2 Test Procedure

11.2.1 Remove loose particles or residue from the surface of the specimen, and measure the width and thickness of each specimen according to the provisions of

6.2.1 and 6.2.2.

11.2.2 Place the specimen upright on the grid at the bottom of the constant temperature water tank or water vessel with its side facing up. The distance between the specimen and the perimeter and the spacing between specimens should not be less than 25 mm. Then add water at a temperature of (20±2)°C, with the water level 25mm above the specimen, and keep it for (24±0.25)h.

11.2.3 Remove the specimen from the water and place it on a wire mesh rack to drip water for 5 min ± 10 s. Then wipe the water off the surface of the specimen with a wrung-out damp cloth. The specimen is then placed along its length on the support rods of the testing machine (see Figure 9). The distance from the center of each end face of the two support rods to the end face of the specimen is (25±) 5) mm. A shim should be placed between the support rod and the pressure rod and the contact surface of the specimen. The support rod and the pressure rod should be parallel, and the pressure rod should be shorter than the specimen. The axes coincide.

11.2.4 Start the testing machine and ensure the pressure bar makes uniform contact with the flexural surface of the specimen. The loading of the testing machine should be uniform and stable, without causing any impact to the specimen. Impacts were applied at a rate of (0.05 ± 0.01) MPa/s until the specimen failed. The failure load P2 was recorded, with the reading rounded to 1 N.

11.3 Experimental Data Processing

11.3.1 The flexural strength of each specimen is calculated according to formula (4) and rounded to

0.01 MPa.

11.3.2 The flexural strength of each group of permeable pavement products is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the flexural strength of 5 specimens and the minimum value of a single specimen, rounded to the nearest integer. 0.1MPa.

12.1 Instruments and Equipment

12.1.1 Testing machine. Compression testing machine or universal testing machine; the relative error of the indicated value should not exceed ±1%; the expected failure load of the specimen should be the test value. The range of the testing machine should be 20% to 80%. One end of the upper and lower pressure plates of the testing machine should be a ball joint support, allowing for free rotation.

12.1.2 Spacer Blocks. Steel arc-shaped spacers with a cross-section radius of (75±5) mm and a chord height of 20 mm, as shown in Figure

10.Two spacers are required. It is located in a vertical plane with an allowable deviation of ±1mm, and the upper pad can rotate freely in the lateral direction.

12.1.3 Gasket. A wooden plywood with a width of (15±1) mm and a thickness of (4±1) mm, the length of which should be at least longer than the expected fracture surface of the specimen. It is 10mm long and should not be reused.

12.1.4 Calipers. graduation value not greater than 0.02mm.

12.1.5 Steel ruler. graduation value is 1mm.

12.1.6 Constant temperature water tank or container. The water temperature should be controlled at (20±2)°C, and the volume should be sufficient to immerse at least one set of test specimens.

12.1.7 Thermometer. Scale division not greater than 0.5°C.

12.1.8 Stopwatch. The graduation value is no greater than 1 second.

12.1.9 Others. timers, grilles, wire mesh frames, etc.

12.2 Test Procedure

12.2.1 Remove loose particles or residue from the surface of the specimen, and draw parallel straight lines in the middle of the top and bottom surfaces to determine the location of the splitting surface.

12.2.2 Place the specimen upright on the grid at the bottom of the constant temperature water tank or water vessel with its side facing up. The distance between the specimen and the perimeter and the spacing between specimens should not be less than 25 mm. Then add water at a temperature of (20±2)°C, with the water level 25mm above the specimen, and keep it for (24±0.25)h.

12.2.3 Remove the specimen from the water and place it on a wire mesh frame to drip water for 5 min ± 10 s. Then wipe the water off the surface of the specimen with a wrung-out damp cloth. The specimen is placed in the center of the lower pressure plate of the testing machine. One shim and one gasket are placed between the upper and lower pressure plates and the specimen. The shims and gaskets are positioned in close proximity to each other. The center lines of the upper and lower surfaces of the specimen are aligned and perpendicular to the top surface.

12.2.4 When starting the testing machine, the surface of the specimen should be in uniform contact with the upper and lower pressure plates or pads and shims. During the test, the contact should be continuous and uniform. Apply load at a rate of (0.05±0.01) MPa/s until the specimen fails. Record the failure load P3, up to 10 N.

12.2.5 Measure the failure length of the upper and lower surfaces of the specimen using a steel ruler, reading to the nearest 1 mm. The failure surface length of the specimen is calculated using two measurements. The values are expressed as the arithmetic mean, rounded to 1 mm.

12.2.6 Measure the thickness at both ends of the fracture surface of the specimen using calipers, reading to

0.02 mm. The thickness of the fracture surface of the specimen is calculated by arbitrarily dividing the two measurements. The average value is rounded to

0.1 mm.

12.3 Experimental Data Processing

12.3.1 The area of the damaged surface of the specimen is calculated according to formula (5) and rounded to

0.1 mm2.

12.3.3 The splitting tensile strength of each group of permeable pavement products is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the splitting tensile strength of 5 specimens and the minimum value of a single specimen. The pressure is rounded down to

0.1 MPa.

13.1 Instruments, Equipment and Materials

13.1.1 Permeability coefficient test apparatus. as shown in Figure 11.

13.1.2 Vacuum device. A test device capable of holding the test specimen and maintaining a vacuum of 90 kPa or higher.

13.1.3 Stopwatch. The graduation value is no greater than 1 second.

13.1.4 Thermometer. Scale division not greater than 0.5°C.

13.1.5 Calipers. graduation value not greater than 0.02mm.

13.1.6 Electronic balance. The display scale division value is not greater than 1g, and the accuracy class is not lower than Class III.

13.2 Test Procedure

13.2.1 Measure the diameter and thickness of each specimen according to the provisions of 8.2.2, and calculate the upper surface area S3 of the specimen.

13.2.2 Seal the specimen around its perimeter with sealing material or other means to prevent water leakage, allowing water to penetrate only from the top and bottom surfaces of the specimen.

13.2.3 After the sealing material has cured, place the specimen in a vacuum device, evacuate to (90±1) kPa, and maintain the vacuum for 30 min±10 s. While maintaining a vacuum, add enough water to cover the specimen and raise the water level to 100mm above the specimen. Stop vacuuming and soak for 20 minutes. Remove the specimen, place it into the permeability coefficient testing device, and seal the specimen to the permeable cylinder.

13.2.4 Place the overflow tank in the container, open the water supply valve to allow water to enter, and wait until water flows out of the overflow hole of the overflow tank before adjusting the water inlet. Measure the water level in the permeable cylinder to maintain a certain water level (approximately 150mm). Use a steel ruler to measure the difference H between the water level in the permeable cylinder and the water level in the overflow tank. Count to 1mm.

13.2.5 After the water flow from the overflow outlet of the overflow tank and the overflow outlet of the permeable cylinder stabilizes, collect water from the outlet using a dry container and record the flow rate (t). The water that flows out in seconds (usually 300s) is weighed using an electronic balance to measure the mass of the water, m4, and the reading is taken to 1g.

13.2.6 Measure the temperature T of the water in the overflow tank during the test using a thermometer, and read the value to 0.5°C.