GB/T 47546-2026Test methods for the performance of pervious concrete (English PDF)

4.1 Test Equipment

4.1.1 The maximum capacity of the electronic scale should be 60kg, and the scale division value should be 2g.

4.1.2 The maximum range of the electronic balance should be 3 kg, and the scale division should be

0.1 g.

4.1.3 The tamping rod shall comply with the requirements of JG/T 248.

4.1.4 The mold shall conform to the requirements of JG/T 237.

4.1.5 Forced mixers shall comply with the provisions of JG/T 244.

4.1.6 The excitation force level of the plate vibrator should be (9000±900) N, and the vibration frequency should be (50±10) Hz.

4.2 Standard Test Conditions The relative humidity of the test environment should not be less than 50%, and the temperature should be (20±5)°C; the temperature of the materials, test equipment, containers and auxiliary equipment used should also be within acceptable limits. The temperature should be consistent with the laboratory temperature.

4.3 Specimen Size and Quantity

4.3.1 The size and quantity of specimens for permeable concrete performance tests shall conform to the provisions of Table 1.

4.3.2 The number of freeze-thaw test specimens and control specimens shall be determined based on the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and the specimen quality error shall not exceed ±2%.

4.4 Sampling and Laboratory Preparation

4.4.1 The sampling of permeable concrete mixture shall comply with the following provisions.

a) Sampling of the same batch of permeable concrete mix shall be conducted from the same batch (or truckload) of permeable concrete. The sample size should be greater than the test sample size. The amount required for the test is

1.5 times the required amount, and not less than 20L.

b) Sampling of permeable concrete mixture should be performed at three different locations within the same batch or truckload of concrete, and samples should be taken from each location. Mix thoroughly; the time interval between the first and last sampling should not exceed 15 minutes.

4.4.2 The preparation of permeable concrete mixtures in the laboratory shall comply with the following provisions.

a) The permeable concrete mixture is mixed using a forced mixer. Before mixing, the mixer is thoroughly cleaned, and a small amount of the same mixture is pre-mixed. Alternatively, a slurry with the same water-cement ratio can be coated onto the inner wall of the mixer.

b) The weighing deviation of aggregates is ±0.5%; the weighing deviation of cement, admixtures, water, and additives is ±0.2%.

c) Cement, admixtures, and powdered additives should be dry-mixed thoroughly in a container. Liquid additives should be mixed thoroughly with the mixing water first to prepare... It forms a homogeneous mixed aqueous solution.

d) First, put all the aggregates into the mixer, add half of the mixed aqueous solution or water and stir for 30 seconds, then add the mixed powder into the mixer. Add the remaining half of the mixed aqueous solution or water, and stir for another 30 seconds. The permeable concrete mixture should be stirred... Uniform.

e) The amount of permeable concrete mixture to be mixed at one time shall not be less than 1/4 of the nominal capacity of the mixer, and shall not exceed the nominal capacity of the mixer, and shall not be less than... At 20L.

f) After stirring, the mixture should be molded into specimens within 30 minutes (before initial setting).

4.5 Specimen Molding

4.5.1 Before the specimens are formed, the mass of each specimen is calculated based on the mix proportion.

4.5.2 During molding, it is advisable to weigh out the appropriate mass of the mixture and fill it into the mold in three layers. The first layer should be filled to half the height of the mold, the second layer... Fill the mold to 3/4 full with material, then fill the third layer to 10mm above the mold. During the first two layers of tamping, ensure a 100mm x 100mm x 100mm permeable slab. Each layer of concrete was tamped 16 times, with one tamping at each of the four corners, two tampings on each side, and four tampings in the plane. 100mm×100mm×400mm permeable concrete... Each layer of concrete specimen was tamped 52 times, including once at each of the four corners, 11 times on each of the long sides, twice on each of the short sides, and 22 times in the plane. During tamping, the tamping... The rods should be kept vertical, and the insertion points should be evenly distributed at equal intervals within the plane. After the third layer of material is loaded, a plate vibrator should be used for vibration for 30 seconds. Then smooth the surface of the specimen.

4.6 Specimen Curing

4.6.1 After the specimens are molded, their surfaces should be covered with plastic film and cured under standard test conditions for 24 hours. After curing, they should be numbered and demolded. After demolding, they should... Immediately place it in a standard curing room with a relative humidity of not less than 95% and a temperature of (20±2)°C for curing.

4.6.2 The curing time for specimens with interconnected porosity, permeability efficiency coefficient, permeability coefficient, and permeability retention rate should not be less than 7 days.

4.6.3 The curing time for specimens used in compressive strength, flexural strength, erosion resistance, and freeze-thaw resistance tests should be 28 days. For freeze-thaw tests, randomly selected specimens should be used. The specimens were divided into two equal batches, one batch as freeze-thaw specimens and the other batch as control specimens, and were placed in a standard curing room for curing.

4.7 Specimens drained The specimen, after being immersed in water for (24±0.5) hours, was removed from the water and placed in a strainer with an aperture smaller than the specimen size under standard test conditions. No new water droplets were observed on the surface of the bottom glass plate for 5 minutes.

5.1 Test Equipment

5.1.1 The measuring cylinder shall be a cylindrical metal cylinder with a smooth inner wall, a nominal inner diameter of 185 mm, a nominal volume of 5 L, and conform to SL127. Regulation.

5.1.2 The maximum capacity of the electronic scale should be 20kg, and the scale division value should be 1g.

5.1.3 The pounding rod is the same as 4.1.3.

5.1.4 The plate vibrator is the same as 4.1.6.

5.2 Test Procedure

5.2.1 The verification of the volume of the measuring cylinder shall comply with the provisions of SL127.

5.2.2 Before the test, the inner and outer walls of the measuring cylinder should be wiped clean, and the mass of the measuring cylinder mb1 should be weighed, accurate to 1g.

5.2.3 The permeable concrete mixture is filled into the measuring cylinder in three layers. The first layer is filled to 1/2 the height of the test mold, and the second layer is filled to 3/4 the height of the test mold. At the top, the third layer of material should be filled to 10mm above the test mold. The first two layers should be tamped 25 times each, and the last layer should be vibrated for 30 seconds using a plate vibrator. Scrape off any excess permeable concrete mixture from the cylinder opening, ensuring the volume of the surface depressions and protrusions is approximately equal. Wipe the outer wall of the cylinder dry. Weigh the permeable concrete mixture sample and the total mass of the measuring cylinder, mb2, accurate to 1g.

5.2.4 The apparent density of permeable concrete mixture shall be calculated according to formula (1) and accurate to 1 kg/m3.

5.3 Evaluation of Test Results The arithmetic mean of the three test values is taken as the result of this test group. When one of the maximum or minimum values among the three test values matches the mean... If the difference between the intermediate values exceeds ±2% of the median value, then the median value is taken as the result of that test group. When the differences between the maximum and minimum values and the median value both exceed... If the result exceeds ±2% of the median, the test results are invalid.

6.1 Test Equipment

6.1.1 The maximum range of the electronic balance should be 10 kg, and the scale division should be

0.1 g.

6.1.2 The pounding rod is the same as 4.1.3.

6.1.3 The drying oven shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 30435.

6.1.4 The test sieve should be a sieve with a mesh diameter lower than the minimum aggregate size required for permeable concrete, and should conform to GB/T 6003.2. Regulation.

6.2 Test Procedure

6.2.1 Take three samples of freshly mixed permeable concrete from the first and last outlets of the mixer or transport vehicle, respectively. During the two samplings... The interval between samples should not exceed 10 minutes, and each concrete sample should weigh no less than 3 kg.

6.2.2 Weigh one sample from each of the samples that exit the machine one after the other, and record them as mj1 and mj2 respectively, accurate to 0.1g.

6.2.3 Pour the weighed permeable concrete sample into two test sieves, rinse them with clean water, and sieve to obtain each aggregate.

6.2.4 Place each sample of aggregate after sieving into a drying oven at (105±5)°C and dry until constant temperature. Measurements should be taken every 2 hours during the drying process. For the first measurement, when the deviation between two measurements is less than 0.2%, weigh out the aggregate portions mj3 and mj4 respectively, accurate to 0.1g.

6.2.5 Repeat steps

6.2.4 to conduct uniformity tests on fresh concrete for two additional samples.

6.2.6 The uniformity of freshly mixed permeable concrete should be assessed using the aggregate content ratio of samples taken sequentially from the mixer. The content ratio of the raw materials should be calculated according to formula (2), accurate to 1%.

6.3 Evaluation of Test Results The arithmetic mean of the three test values is taken as the result of this test group. When one of the maximum or minimum values among the three test values matches the mean... If the difference between the intermediate values exceeds ±5% of the median value, then the median value is taken as the result of that test group. When the differences between the maximum and minimum values and the median value both exceed... If the result exceeds ±5% of the median, the test results are invalid.

7.1 Test Equipment

7.1.1 The maximum capacity of the electronic hydrostatic balance should be 10 kg, and the scale division should be

0.1 g.

7.1.2 Electronic balance is the same as 4.1.2.

7.2 Test Procedure

7.2.1 Soak the specimen in water for (24±0.5)h, and the water level should be at least 20mm above the upper surface of the specimen.

7.2.2 After removal, place the specimen in the basket of a hydrostatic balance and immerse it in water. When no more air bubbles appear, as shown in Figure 1, weigh the specimen and suspend it in the water. The mass during soaking is mk1, accurate to 0.1g.

7.2.3 After removing the specimen from the water, drain it (see 4.7) and weigh the specimen to the nearest

0.1 g.

7.3 Result Calculation The interconnected porosity of permeable concrete should be calculated according to formula (3), accurate to 1%.

7.4 Evaluation of Test Results The arithmetic mean of the six test values is taken as the result of this test group. If either the maximum or minimum value of the test values is less than or equal to the mean... If the difference is greater than ±15%, the test value with the largest deviation should be discarded successively until the difference between each test value and the average value does not exceed ±15%; when there are 6 tests When there are at least four valid data points in a test, the average of the valid data points is taken as the test result; when there are fewer than four valid data points in a test, the average of the six test values is taken as the result. At that time, the results of this group of experiments were invalid.

8.1 Test Equipment

8.1.1 A schematic diagram of the permeability coefficient measuring instrument is shown in Figure 2.

8.1.2 Steel ruler with a graduation value of 1mm.

8.1.3 Electronic scales are the same as 4.1.1.

8.1.4 Stopwatch, with a graduation value of 0.1s.

8.1.5 Thermometer, scale division 1°C.

8.2 Test Procedure

8.2.1 After the specimens are removed from the curing location, they should be placed in water at (20±2)°C, with the water level at least 20mm above the upper surface of the specimens, and soaked. Removed after (24±0.5)h.

8.2.2 Water should not seep through the sides of the specimen. If a sealing material is used, it should not enter the pores of the specimen.

8.2.3 Place the specimen with the side-sealed molded side facing upwards below the outlet of the permeability coefficient measuring instrument, and position it horizontally. The component is securely fastened to the instrument, and the interface is sealed.

8.2.4 Turn on the permeability coefficient measuring instrument, open the water inlet switch, and adjust the water inlet valve to stabilize the water head at the required test height. (Laboratory head height is measured at 150mm). Record the head height (Hw) when the water surface is stable and unchanged. It is advisable to place a container at the drain outlet to collect the water. Water is added, and a timer is started simultaneously. When the seepage rate stabilizes, the timer is automatically started, and the outflow rate Q within the test time t is recorded. The test time is 30 seconds.

8.3 Result Calculation The permeability coefficient of permeable concrete should be calculated according to formula (4), accurate to 1%.

8.4 Evaluation of Test Results The arithmetic mean of the six test values is taken as the result of this test group. If either the maximum or minimum value of the test values is less than or equal to the mean... If the difference is greater than ±15%, the test value with the largest deviation should be discarded successively until the difference between each test value and the average value does not exceed ±15%; when there are 6 tests When there are at least four valid data points in a test value, the average of the valid data points is taken as the test result; when there are fewer than four valid data points in a test value... At that time, the results of this group of experiments were invalid.

9.1 Test Equipment

9.1.1 A schematic diagram of the permeability coefficient measuring instrument is shown in Figure 3.

9.1.2 The steel ruler is the same as in 8.1.2.

9.1.3 Electronic scales are the same as 4.1.1.

9.1.4 The stopwatch is the same as 8.1.4.

9.1.5 Thermometers are the same as in 8.1.5.

9.2 Test Procedure

9.2.1 After the specimens are removed from the curing location, they should be placed in water at (20±2)°C, with the water level 20mm above the top surface of the specimens, for immersion. Removed after (24±0.5)h.

9.2.2 Water should not seep through the sides of the specimen. If a sealing material is used, it should not enter the pores of the specimen.

9.2.3 Place the specimen with the side-sealed molded side facing upwards below the outlet of the permeability coefficient tester, and secure the specimen to the instrument. The upper part is sealed at the interface.

9.2.4 Turn on the permeability measuring instrument and open the inlet valve to allow water to enter the permeable cylinder. When water flows out of the overflow outlet of the overflow tank, adjust... The water inflow is adjusted to maintain a constant water head in the permeable tube (the laboratory measured the water head height to be 150mm), ensuring proper overflow from both the overflow tank and the permeable tube. After the outflow stabilizes, record the water level difference (H). Use a water receiving container to collect water from the outlet and record the outflow rate Q within the test time t. The interval should be no less than 20 seconds.

9.3 Result Calculation The permeability coefficient of permeable concrete should be calculated according to formula (5), accurate to

0.1 mm/s.

9.4 Evaluation of Test Results The arithmetic mean of the six test values is taken as the result of this test group. If either the maximum or minimum value of the test values is less than or equal to the mean... If the difference is greater than ±15%, the test value with the largest deviation should be discarded successively until the difference between each test value and the average value does not exceed ±15%; when there are 6 tests When there are at least four valid data points in a test, the average of the valid data points is taken as the test result; when there are fewer than four valid data points in a test, the average of the six test values is taken as the result. At that time, the results of this group of experiments were invalid.

10.1 Test Equipment

10.1.1 Electronic scales are the same as 4.1.1.

10.1.2 Electronic balance is the same as 4.1.2.

10.1.3 The equipment for measuring the permeability coefficient shall comply with the provisions of 8.1.

10.1.4 Drying oven is the same as 6.1.3.

10.2 Test Procedure

10.2.1 The particle size distribution of the clogging sand shall conform to the requirements of Table 2. Table

2.Distribution of Particle Size of Blocking Sand Particle size range/mm Mass percentage/% 2.36~1.18 15 1.18~0.6 20 0.6~0.3 20 0.3~0.15

10.2.8 Repeat steps

10.2.3 to 10.2.7.After 8 clogging cycles, test the permeability coefficient of the specimen.

10.2.9 The permeability retention rate shall be calculated according to formula (6), accurate to 0.1%.

10.3 Result Evaluation The arithmetic mean of the six test values is taken as the result of this test group. If either the maximum or minimum value of the test values is less than or equal to the mean... If the difference is greater than ±15%, the test value with the largest deviation should be discarded successively until the difference between each test value and the average value does not exceed ±15%; when there are 6 tests When there are at least four valid data points in a test, the average of the valid data points is taken as the test result; when there are fewer than four valid data points in a test, the average of the six test values is taken as the result. At that time, the results of this group of experiments were invalid.

11.2 Test Procedure

11.2.1 After the specimens are removed from the curing location, they should be drained (see 4.7), and the specimens and the upper and lower pressure plates of the testing machine should be wiped clean.

11.2.2 The side of the specimen during molding should be used as the bearing surface. The specimen should be placed on the lower platen or pad of the testing machine, and the center of the specimen should be aligned with the test platen. Align the center of the lower pressure plate.

11.2.3 When starting the testing machine, the surface of the specimen should be in uniform contact with the upper and lower pressure plates or pads.

11.2.4 During the test, the load should be applied continuously and uniformly, with a loading rate of

0.3 MPa/s to

0.8 MPa/s. When the compressive strength of the cubic specimen... When the compressive strength is less than 30 MPa, the loading rate should be

0.3 MPa/s to

0.5 MPa/s; when the compressive strength of the cubic specimen is not less than 30 MPa, the loading rate should be... The speed should be between

0.5 MPa/s and

0.8 MPa/s.

11.2.5 When manually controlling the loading speed of the testing machine, when the specimen approaches failure and begins to deform rapidly, the throttle of the testing machine should be stopped and adjusted until... Destroy and record the destructive load.

11.3 Result Calculation The compressive strength of permeable concrete specimens should be calculated according to formula (7), accurate to

0.1 MPa.

11.4 Evaluation of Test Results The arithmetic mean of the six test values is taken as the result of this test group. If either the maximum or minimum value of the test values is less than or equal to the mean... If the difference is greater than ±15%, the test value with the largest deviation should be discarded successively until the difference between each test value and the average value does not exceed ±15%; when there are 6 tests When there are at least four valid data points in a test, the average of the valid data points is taken as the test result; when there are fewer than four valid data points in a test, the average of the six test values is taken as the result. At that time, the results of this group of experiments were invalid.

12.2 Test Procedure

12.2.1 After the specimens are removed from the curing location, they should be drained (see 4.7), and the specimens and the upper and lower pressure plates of the testing machine should be wiped clean.

12.2.2 Before placing the specimen in front of the testing apparatus, the surface of the specimen should be wiped clean, and the loading line position should be drawn on the side of the specimen.

12.2.3 During specimen installation, the positions of the supports and loading heads can be adjusted, and the dimensional deviation should not exceed 1 mm. The bearing surface of the specimen should be... The side surface during component forming. The contact surface between the support and the bearing surface and the cylinder should be smooth and uniform; otherwise, it should be leveled.

12.2.4 The load should be applied continuously and uniformly during the test. When the compressive strength of the corresponding cubic specimen is less than 30 MPa, the loading rate should be [value missing]. 0.02MPa~0.05MPa; when the compressive strength of the corresponding cubic specimen is not less than 30MPa, the loading rate should preferably be 0.05MPa~ 0.08MPa.

12.2.5 When manually controlling the loading speed of the testing machine, when the specimen is close to failure, the throttle of the testing machine should be stopped and adjusted until failure occurs, and the result should be recorded. The destructive load and the location of the fracture at the lower edge of the specimen.

12.3 Result Calculation The flexural strength of permeable concrete specimens should be calculated according to formula (8), accurate to

0.1 MPa.

12.4 Evaluation of Test Results The arithmetic mean of the six test values is taken as the result of this test group. If either the maximum or minimum value of the test values is less than or equal to the mean... If the difference is greater than ±15%, the test value with the largest deviation should be discarded successively until the difference between each test value and the average value does not exceed ±15%; when there are 6 tests When there are at least four valid data points in a test, the average of the valid data points is taken as the test result; when there are fewer than four valid data points in a test, the average of the six test values is taken as the result. At that time, the results of this group of experiments were invalid.

13.1 Test Equipment

13.1.1 Electronic balance is the same as 4.1.2.

13.1.2 The test sieve shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 6003.2.

13.1.3 The Los Angeles abrasion tester shall comply with the requirements of JTGE42.

13.2 Test Procedure

13.2.1 After the specimens are removed from the curing location, they should be drained (see 4.7).

13.2.2 The initial mass mbs1 of the specimen shall be weighed accurately to 0.1g.

13.2.3 Place the specimen in the Los Angeles abrasion tester without steel balls. Turn on the tester and control the speed of the tester to 30 r/min. The machine should be stopped after running at 33 rpm for 500 revolutions.

13.2.4 Remove all material from the Los Angeles abrasion tester and place it on a 25mm test sieve for sieving. Weigh the concrete remaining on the sieve. The mass of mbs2 is accurate to 0.1g.

13.3 Result Calculation The erosion resistance of permeable concrete is evaluated using the erosion mass loss rate of the specimens. The erosion mass loss rate of the permeable concrete specimens should... Calculated according to formula (9), accurate to 0.1%.

13.4 Evaluation of Test Results The arithmetic mean of the six test values is taken as the result of this test group. If either the maximum or minimum value of the test values is less than or equal to the mean... If the difference is greater than ±15%, the test value with the largest deviation should be discarded successively until the difference between each test value and the average value does not exceed ±15%; when there are 6 tests When there are at least four valid data points in a test, the average of the valid data points is taken as the test result; when there are fewer than four valid data points in a test, the average of the six test values is taken as the result. At that time, the results of this group of experiments were invalid.

14.1 Test Equipment

14.1.1 The freeze-thaw test chamber should be able to keep the specimen stationary and perform freeze-thaw cycles through air freezing and water thawing. Under full-load operation conditions, freezing... During the freeze-thaw test, the air temperature inside the chamber should be within the range of -20°C to -18°C; during the thawing period, the concrete specimens should be immersed in the freeze-thaw test chamber. The water temperature should be within the range of 18°C~20°C; when fully loaded, the temperature difference between different points in the freeze-thaw test chamber should not exceed 2°C.

14.1.2 When using automatic freeze-thaw equipment, the control system should have automatic control, real-time dynamic display of data curves, power failure memory, and test data... Features include automatic storage.

14.1.3 The specimen rack shall be made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials, and its dimensions shall be compatible with the freeze-thaw test chamber and the specimens it contains.

14.1.4 Electronic balance is the same as 4.1.2.

14.1.5 Pressure testing machine. Same as 11.1.

14.1.6 The temperature measurement range of the temperature sensor should be -20°C to 20°C, and the accuracy should not be greater than ±0.5°C.

14.2 Test Procedure

14.2.1 Freeze-thaw test specimens cured in a standard curing room should be removed after 24 days of curing, and then placed in water at (20±2)°C. Immerse the specimen in water, ensuring the water level is at least 20 mm above the top surface of the specimen, and immerse the specimen in water for 4 days.

14.2.2 After removing the specimen from the water, it should be allowed to drain under standard test conditions (see 4.7). It is advisable to wipe off surface moisture with a wrung-out damp cloth before proceeding with the test. Perform a visual inspection, then number and weigh the specimens accordingly. Place them into the test rack according to their numbers, ensuring the contact area between the test rack and the specimen does not exceed the bottom of the specimen. The gap between the specimen and the inner wall of the chamber should not be less than 20 mm, and the gap between each specimen in the specimen rack should not be less than 30 mm.

14.2.3 The freezing time shall be calculated starting when the temperature inside the freeze-thaw chamber drops to -18°C. This refers to the time required from the moment the specimens are loaded until the temperature reaches -18°C. The freezing time should be

2.0 hours. The temperature inside the freeze-thaw chamber should be -20°C to -18°C during freezing.

14.2.4 The freezing time of the specimen in each freeze-thaw cycle shall not be less than 4 hours.