GB/T 47503-2026Technical guidelines for the construction and operation of coordinated charging systems for electric vehicles (English PDF)

4.2 Control Architecture

4.2.1 Cloud-based ordered control architecture The cloud-based ordered control architecture mainly includes the following approaches.

a) Cloud-edge collaboration. The orderly charging cloud-side management system generates orderly charging control strategies, which collaborate with the orderly charging edge-side management system to manage... The orderly charging control strategy is implemented by the orderly charging equipment. A typical system architecture diagram is shown in Figure A.1 in Appendix A.

b) Cloud-based charging pile control. The cloud-based orderly charging management system generates orderly charging control strategies and directly manages and controls the execution of orderly charging equipment. The orderly charging control strategy, and a typical system architecture diagram are shown in Figure A.2;

c) Cloud-based vehicle control. The orderly charging cloud-based management system generates orderly charging control strategies, directly managing and controlling electric vehicles to execute orderly charging. The charging control strategy and typical system architecture are shown in Figure A.3.

4.2.2 Side-Ordered Control Architecture The orderly charging side-side management system generates orderly charging control strategies and directly manages and controls the orderly charging equipment to execute orderly charging control. The strategy and typical system architecture diagram are shown in Figure A.4.

4.2.3 Terminal Ordered Control Architecture The terminal orderly control architecture mainly includes the following methods.

a) Autonomous Charging Station. The orderly charging equipment generates an orderly charging control strategy based on preset or manually input orderly charging requirements, achieving... Pre-charge, typical system architecture diagram is shown in Figure A.5;

b) Vehicle-side autonomy. The electric vehicle's onboard terminal generates an orderly charging control strategy based on preset or manually input orderly charging demands. For sequential charging, a typical system architecture diagram is shown in Figure A.6.

5.1 Orderly Charging Cloud-based Management System

5.1.1 Information Interaction Function The information interaction requirements for the orderly charging cloud-side management system are as follows:

a) It should be able to obtain real-time information on the orderly charging equipment or electric vehicles through direct communication or interaction with the orderly charging side-side management system. Functionality for collecting data related to the car charging process;

b) It should be able to communicate with users through user information interaction systems (such as mobile application terminals), orderly charging equipment, electric vehicle on-board terminals, etc. Electric vehicle users can interact with the system to obtain information about their charging needs, and the system will display the charging power adjustment status and charging progress. Features such as history records;

Note. This does not apply to orderly charging in battery swapping scenarios.

c) It should be able to monitor the network status, equipment operation status, communication channel status, and communication message status of the orderly charging equipment in real time. The system includes the ability to monitor and record anomalies and implement tiered alerts.

d) It should be capable of exchanging information with external cloud-side systems such as load control systems, new load management systems, and load aggregation systems. Function;

e) It should have the function of connecting to the government's charging facility supervision platform and exchanging information.

5.1.2 Orderly charging control strategy formulation and monitoring function The orderly charging cloud-side management system should be able to adjust charging needs based on electric vehicle users' charging demands, electricity prices, or external cloud-side system requirements. It has the function of formulating orderly charging control strategies based on information such as the number of units and monitoring the accuracy of strategy execution.

5.1.3 Orderly charging control strategy execution and termination function The requirements for the execution and termination functions of the orderly charging control strategy in the orderly charging cloud-side management system are as follows:

a) It should be able to directly manage and control orderly charging equipment or electric vehicles to achieve orderly charging in accordance with the established orderly charging control strategy. Electricity, or the orderly charging control strategy may be distributed to the orderly charging side-side management system, which will then manage and control it. The orderly charging equipment realizes the function of orderly charging;

b) It should have the function of terminating the execution of the orderly charging control strategy when necessary.

5.1.4 Charging load prediction function The cloud-based orderly charging management system should have the function of predicting the charging load of orderly charging equipment or electric vehicles.

5.2 Orderly Charging Side-Side Management System

5.2.1 Information Interaction Function The information interaction requirements for the orderly charging side-side management system are as follows:

a) It should have the function of acquiring relevant data on the charging process of the orderly charging equipment in real time;

b) It can have the function of exchanging information with external side systems or equipment such as integrated energy systems and intelligent converged terminals;

c) When adopting a cloud-edge collaborative control architecture, it should be able to interact with the orderly charging cloud-side management system and receive information from the orderly charging cloud-side system. The function of the orderly charging control strategy issued by the management system;

d) When adopting a side-by-side ordered control architecture, it can interact with electric vehicle users through ordered charging equipment and other means to obtain information. It collects users' charging needs information and displays charging power adjustment status, charging history, and other functions to users;

e) When adopting a side-side ordered control architecture, it can be integrated with external cloud-side systems such as load control systems, new load management systems, and load aggregation systems. The system's information exchange function.

5.2.2 Orderly charging control strategy formulation and monitoring function The requirements for the orderly charging control strategy formulation and monitoring functions of the orderly charging side-side management system are as follows:

a) When adopting a cloud-edge collaborative control architecture, communication issues arise between the orderly charging edge management system and the orderly charging cloud management system. The fault detection system should ideally include information based on electric vehicle user charging needs, electricity prices, and external side-side system or equipment control requirements. It has the function of formulating orderly charging control strategies and monitoring the accuracy of strategy execution;

b) When adopting a side-side ordered control architecture, it should be able to adjust the charging needs of electric vehicle users according to electricity prices and external cloud-side systems. Based on information such as demand control and external side-side system or equipment regulation requirements, an orderly charging control strategy is formulated, and the accuracy of strategy execution is monitored. The function of monitoring.

5.2.3 Orderly charging control strategy execution and termination function The requirements for the execution and termination functions of the orderly charging control strategy in the orderly charging side-side management system are as follows:

a) It should have the function of directly managing and controlling the orderly charging equipment to achieve orderly charging in accordance with the orderly charging control strategy;

b) It should have the function of terminating the execution of the orderly charging control strategy when necessary.

5.3 Orderly charging equipment

5.3.1 Charging power adjustment function AC charging stations should be able to adjust the pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle of the control and guidance circuit output according to the charging power demand. Function. Off-board chargers should be able to adjust the output voltage and power according to information such as the charger's maximum output capacity, vehicle requirements, and power regulation needs. The current parameter enables the function of output power regulation.

5.3.2 Sleep/Wake-up Function Orderly charging equipment should have a wake-up method as specified in

5.2.1.7 of GB/T 18487.1-2023 to wake up dormant electric vehicles. The function.

5.3.3 Timer control function Orderly charging equipment should have a real-time clock and time synchronization function. Under the autonomous control architecture at the charging pile end, the orderly charging equipment should have the functions of timed start charging and automatic adjustment of timed charging output power. When orderly charging is achieved by starting the charging at the charging pile at a timed interval, the orderly charging equipment should have the function of random delayed start.

5.4 Electric Vehicles

5.4.1 AC charging power adjustment function Electric vehicles that support AC orderly charging should be equipped with control guidance signals provided by the AC charging station during the charging phase. PWM duty cycle is used to adjust the charging power of the on-board charger.

5.4.2 Sleep/Wake-up Function Electric vehicles that support orderly charging control strategies issued at the charging pile end to achieve orderly charging should comply with section

5.2.1.7 of GB/T 18487.1-2023. According to the provisions of 5.3.1e) in NB/T 11305.2-2023, the vehicle control device shall be activated in response to the operation of waking up the vehicle by the orderly charging equipment. Or the vehicle controller, and complete the pre-charging preparations. Electric vehicles that support orderly charging control strategies issued by the vehicle side to achieve orderly charging should comply with section

5.4 of NB/T 11305.2-2023. The regulations stipulate that the device should have the function of waking up the orderly charging equipment by controlling the S2 switch.

5.4.3 Timer control function Under the vehicle-side autonomous control architecture, when orderly charging is achieved through timed initiation of charging at the vehicle side, electric vehicles should ideally have a random delay start capability. The function of movement.

6.4 Requirements for the Construction of Orderly Charging Equipment

6.4.1 Equipment Requirements The requirements for orderly charging equipment are as follows:

a) AC charging piles should comply with GB/T 18487.1-2023, GB 39752, GB 44263, and NB/T 11305.2-2023. The provisions of NB/T 33002;

b) Off-board chargers shall comply with GB/T 18487.1-2023, GB/T 18487.5, GB/T 27930, and GB/T 27930.2. The provisions of GB 39752, GB 44263, NB/T 11305.2-2023, and NB/T 33001.

6.4.2 Communication requirements The communication requirements for orderly charging equipment are as follows:

a) The orderly charging equipment and the orderly charging side-side management system should preferably be connected via Controller Area Network (CAN), RS485, Ethernet, etc. Wired or wireless communication methods such as power line carrier (PLC), fiber optic, Bluetooth, and wireless LAN can be used, with communication protocols including Modbus. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and other wireless communication-based ordered charging devices should have stable signal coverage and anti-interference capabilities. Interference and low latency capabilities;

b) The communication interface and control guidance circuit between the AC charging pile and the electric vehicle shall comply with GB/T 18487.1-2023. Regulation;

c) The communication interface and control guidance circuit between the off-board charger and the electric vehicle shall comply with GB/T 18487.1-2023. According to GB/T 18487.5, the communication protocol shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 27930 and GB/T 27930.2;

d) The communication protocol between the battery box charger and the power battery in the battery swapping station shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 32895.

6.4.3 Measurement and Monitoring Requirements The metering and monitoring requirements for orderly charging equipment are as follows:

a) Orderly charging equipment should be equipped with smart meters or metering modules that comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T 28569 and GB/T 29318;

b) When an orderly charging system is connected to a dedicated distribution transformer, it should preferably have the power quality monitoring function of the distribution transformer to collect charging data in real time. Data such as voltage, current, active power, and power factor of the system's dedicated feeder and main incoming line.

6.4.4 Supporting Construction Requirements New and expanded charging and battery swapping facilities should be equipped with an orderly charging system, and the necessary power and communication infrastructure for the orderly charging system should be constructed simultaneously. facility. The capacity of a dedicated distribution transformer should be based on the total capacity of the orderly charging equipment, the capacity of other electrical equipment, and the transformer's maximum allowable load rate. The calculation is determined comprehensively. In the ordered charging mode, the simultaneous coefficient used to calculate the total capacity of the ordered charging equipment can be appropriately reduced. When orderly charging equipment is connected to a public distribution transformer, the configuration capacity of the orderly charging equipment, taking into account the simultaneity factor, should not exceed the distribution transformer's capacity. Remaining capacity of the transformer during off-peak hours. For electric vehicle charging equipment using single-phase AC power, the power should be evenly distributed across the three phases to ensure that the calculated loads of each phase are as similar as possible. Reduce imbalance.

7.1 General Requirements

7.1.1 The orderly charging system should prioritize meeting the charging service needs of electric vehicle users, while ensuring the safe operation of the power grid.

7.1.2 The charging power and/or charging start/stop adjustment should be performed when the orderly charging system meets any of the following conditions.

a) The total operating power demand of the orderly charging equipment exceeds the available capacity of the charging equipment;

b) Orderly charging equipment participates in demand response, electricity market, and other related businesses;

c) The orderly charging system receives control requests from external cloud-side systems, external edge-side systems, or devices;

d) The charging electricity price or charging service fee adopts a time-of-use pricing mechanism;

e) Other emergencies.

7.2 Monitoring of Orderly Charging Operation Status

7.2.1 Monitoring the available capacity of orderly charging equipment When the orderly charging equipment needs to implement an orderly charging control strategy based on the total load of the transformer area, the orderly charging system should monitor the orderly charging equipment. Available capacity.

7.2.2 Monitoring of available capacity of power distribution circuits for orderly charging equipment When the orderly charging equipment needs to implement an orderly charging control strategy based on the total load of the transformer area and the line load, the orderly charging system should monitor the following. Available capacity of the power distribution circuit for sequential charging equipment.

7.2.3 Monitoring the operational status of orderly charging equipment The orderly charging cloud-side management system or orderly charging edge-side management system should monitor the active power, voltage, current, and other operating data of the orderly charging equipment. According to monitoring, the sampling frequency should not be less than once every 5 minutes.

7.3 Orderly Charging Operation Data Management

7.3.1 Operational Data Storage Requirements The orderly charging cloud-side management system or orderly charging edge-side management system should have the function of storing historical operation records. (Stored historical records) It should include at least the operating power data of the orderly charging equipment, and preferably include data such as the execution status of the orderly charging control strategy.

7.3.2 Data transmission requirements for orderly charging systems The orderly charging cloud-side management system or orderly charging edge-side management system should provide orderly charging services according to the requirements of the power regulation demander. Data such as system operating power.

7.4 Orderly Charging Control Strategy An orderly charging system should have an orderly charging control strategy, which should be configured according to the scenario. A typical control strategy is as follows:

a) Intelligent control strategy. Based on the charging needs set by electric vehicle users (such as required charging capacity and vehicle pickup time), orderly charging is implemented. Develop orderly charging plans for charging equipment based on available capacity and charging prices at different times, prioritizing charging capacity for users. need;

b) Price-linked control strategy. Based on price factors such as peak-valley time-of-use pricing for charging and demand response subsidies, a price-linked control strategy will be adopted. The control strategy is implemented to ensure orderly charging;

c) First-come, first-served control strategy. Based on the order in which charging starts, the charging needs of the device that starts first are prioritized. Increased demand can be addressed by limiting the charging power of subsequently started vehicles to meet the charging needs of current vehicles.

d) Priority-based control strategy. Based on the needs of the charging operation mode, prioritize charging for specific parking spaces or specific electric vehicle users. Demand control strategies;

e) Charging demand proportional control strategy. Based on the proportion of charging demand from electric vehicle users, adjust the charging power or charging... Electricity timing enables orderly charging control;

f) Charging power demand proportional control strategy. When the charging power demand of electric vehicles cannot be met, the power demand of different vehicles will be adjusted accordingly. The charging power is adjusted proportionally to the difference between the charging power of the device and the minimum adjustable power of the charging equipment.

g) Random Delayed Start-up Strategy. Under the autonomous control architecture at the pile end, when orderly charging is achieved through timed start-up charging, if the electric... Since the timed start charging time set by car users coincides with the start time of the off-peak electricity price period, a random delayed start strategy should be adopted.

7.5 Operational Support for the Orderly Charging System

7.5.1 Localized Operation When a fault occurs in the orderly charging cloud-side management system or the orderly charging edge-side management system, causing the orderly charging control strategy to fail to execute, Orderly charging equipment should adjust its charging power or suspend charging according to local operating strategies, and these strategies should ensure the safety of the transformers in the distribution area. Operational requirements. After a fault is recovered, the orderly charging equipment should continue to operate in accordance with the requirements of the orderly charging system.

7.5.2 Lack of Management of the Operation Status of Orderly Charging Equipment When the orderly charging cloud-side management system or orderly charging edge-side management system detects an abnormality in the operating power of the orderly charging equipment, the orderly charging system will respond accordingly. The charging cloud-side management system or the orderly charging side-side management system should identify the orderly charging equipment as operating at its rated power.

7.5.3 Management of Uncontrolled Operations of Orderly Charging Equipment When the orderly charging equipment is in an uncontrollable state, the orderly charging cloud-side management system or the orderly charging edge-side management system should [manage the orderly charging system]. The electrical equipment was marked as uncontrollable, and the orderly charging control strategy was adjusted accordingly.

7.5.4 Management of Exiting Orderly Charging Operation Mode When special charging and battery swapping stations such as bus charging and battery swapping stations encounter operational maintenance requirements, or when electric vehicle users request to withdraw from orderly charging, etc. The orderly charging cloud-side management system or orderly charging side-side management system should immediately shut down, provided that the normal operation of the transformers in the distribution area is guaranteed. Sequential charging operation mode.

7.5.5 Self-test of the orderly charging system Regular self-tests of the orderly charging system should be conducted, and the results should be stored in the orderly charging cloud-side management system or the orderly charging edge system. Within the management system, verify whether functions such as communication, charging power adjustment, sleep/wake-up, and timer control are functioning correctly.