GB/T 47418-2026Code of practice for planning the development and utilization of unconventional water sources (English PDF)

4.2 Compilation Principles

4.2.1 System planning and unified configuration Unconventional water sources should be treated as exploitable resources and incorporated into the unified allocation of water resources, taking into account the water demand for economic and social development and water resources. We should comprehensively plan the development and utilization of various unconventional water resources, including water supply capacity and unconventional water development and utilization potential.

4.2.2 People-oriented and safe utilization Adhering to the bottom line of safety for life and ecology, and rationally determining unconventional water sources based on the requirements of water users for the quantity and quality of unconventional water. Type, usage method, and water volume configuration, etc.

4.2.3 Adapt to local conditions and make scientific plans Focusing on regions with water scarcity, sensitive water environments, and fragile aquatic ecosystems, this study leverages regional (watershed) water resource endowments and unconventional water development strategies. We should leverage our potential, adhere to the principle of economic and technological feasibility, and scientifically formulate goals and tasks for the development and utilization of unconventional water resources.

4.2.4 Overall coordination and thorough argumentation During the planning process, it is essential to collaborate with relevant departments and coordinate the implementation of the plan, strengthen argumentation and evaluation, and fully solicit opinions from relevant departments. Opinions from government departments, experts, enterprises, and institutions should be sought, and public opinions should be solicited when necessary.

4.3 Basis for Compilation The planning was based on relevant laws, regulations, policy documents, standards, specifications, and statistical bulletins concerning the development and utilization of unconventional water resources, as well as national economic data. Economic development, water resource development and utilization, and other higher-level or equivalent plans.

4.4 Program Development The planning process should include preliminary preparation, planning drafting, planning demonstration, and deliverables. (Technical aspects of unconventional water development and utilization planning) The surgical route is shown in Appendix A.

5.2 Technical Preparation

5.2.1 Data Collection and Analysis The focus should be on the development and utilization of unconventional water resources, collecting basic data on hydrology and water resources, natural geography, economic and social development, ecological environment, water supply and drainage, etc. The process involves collecting basic data, information, and relevant planning outcomes, and then organizing and analyzing the collected data to verify its accuracy, reliability, and rationality. The collected data mainly includes.

a) Relevant laws, regulations, policies, documents, standards, and specifications concerning the development and utilization of unconventional water resources;

b) Current data on unconventional water development and utilization facilities within the planning area, including their water supply and consumption, water quality standards, and water prices;

c) Urban water supply and drainage, reclaimed water utilization, seawater desalination, sponge city construction, and mine (well) water utilization, etc., during the planning period, involving non- Relevant planning outcomes or implementation plans for conventional water development and utilization;

d) Surveys and statistics such as water resources surveys and assessments, water resources bulletins, water conservation reports, urban and rural construction statistical yearbooks, and environmental statistical yearbooks. data;

e) Comprehensive water resources planning, comprehensive river basin planning, water conservation planning, water network construction planning, and water ecological environment protection planning for key river basins, etc. Resource-related planning outcomes;

f) National economic and social development plans, territorial spatial plans, urban master plans, farmland irrigation plans, industrial development plans, and urban planning. New area planning and other economic and social planning outcomes;

g) Other relevant data such as hydrogeological data, water quantity and quality monitoring data, and water resource development and utilization data.

5.2.2 Investigation and Research In accordance with the needs of planning, necessary field surveys, assessments, and supplementary monitoring should be conducted. This can be tailored to unconventional water use demands. We will conduct special studies on challenging issues such as development potential, the necessity and feasibility of key projects.

6.1 Current Situation and Trends

6.1.1 Regional Overview A brief description should be provided of the natural geography, hydrology and meteorology, economic and social development, industrial structure, and major planning layout within the planning area.

6.1.2 Water Resources Status A brief description of the water resources, water ecology, and water environment within the planning area should be provided, along with an explanation of water resource supply and demand, and allocation, in conjunction with relevant water resource plans. Location and water shortage conditions.

6.1.3 Analysis and Evaluation of the Current Status of Unconventional Water Unconventional water should be categorized according to its type, and its development (engineering construction), utilization, and management should be addressed. The situation will be analyzed and evaluated. This mainly includes the following.

a) This can be assessed based on the number and spatial distribution of unconventional water development and utilization projects, their production capacity and utilization rate, treatment processes and water quality, as well as the transmission and distribution network. The analysis explains the status of unconventional water development (engineering construction) in terms of deployment scope and length.

b) It can be categorized based on aspects such as the distribution of unconventional water resources, actual utilization volume (rate) and its changing trends, main utilization areas, and compliance with institutional policies. The analysis should explain the status of unconventional water use. The amount of direct seawater use should be described separately.

c) The status of unconventional water management can be analyzed and explained from aspects such as strategic planning, institutional policies, market mechanisms, measurement and monitoring, and risk prevention and control.

d) Based on the above analysis, summarize the main problems and causes of unconventional water development and utilization.

6.1.4 Situation Analysis The explanation should take into account regional (basin) ecological protection and high-quality economic and social development, water resource conditions, and water conservation requirements, and explain the non-conventional aspects. The necessity and urgency of water development and utilization are discussed, and the situation facing unconventional water development and utilization is analyzed.

6.2 General Requirements

6.2.1 Overall Approach The plan should be clearly defined based on the current status and challenges of unconventional water development and utilization in the region (basin), in conjunction with relevant national, industry, and local requirements. The guiding principles and basic principles of the compilation.

6.2.2 Planning Scope and Horizontal Year

6.2.2.1 The planning scope needs to comprehensively consider the areas (basins) involved in unconventional water supply and demand, as well as the areas (rivers) that may be directly affected. The area (region) should be reasonably defined and should ideally be a complete administrative region (basin).

6.2.2.2 The horizontal year should include the current horizontal year and the planning horizontal year, and meet the following requirements.

a) The current status year should be selected based on relatively complete basic data that can objectively reflect the current actual situation of unconventional water development and utilization. Recent years. (b) The planning horizon year is the year in which the planning objectives are achieved. It may include both near-term and long-term planning horizon years, but the near-term planning horizon year should be used. The primary focus should be on a 5-year timeframe for near-term planning, aligning with national economic and social development plans and water security plans. The long-term planning level is aligned with water conservancy strategic planning, comprehensive planning, and water conservation medium- and long-term planning.

6.2.3 Planning Objectives

6.2.3.1 The relevant national requirements regarding the encouragement and priority utilization of unconventional water resources should be taken into account, and the allocation plan should be comprehensively determined in conjunction with the formulation process. Targets for the development and utilization of unconventional water resources in the designated annual period are set. Specific requirements are as follows:

a) It should be coordinated with the planning objectives and water allocation of water resources development and utilization, water conservation and other related matters.

b) It should meet the relevant utilization requirements within the planning scope, such as the minimum utilization of unconventional water, the utilization rate of reclaimed water, and the utilization rate of mine (well) water.

c) Unconventional water supply and demand analysis and allocation plans should be combined to coordinate and balance the allocation, and rational utilization should be encouraged. Water scarcity and water environment... In areas with sensitive environments and fragile aquatic ecosystems, water use should be prioritized where conditions permit, and should be utilized to the fullest extent possible when necessary.

6.2.3.2 Planning objectives should be broken down into specific targets for different types of unconventional water resources, and quantification indicators such as utilization capacity, utilization volume, or utilization rate can be selected. The main indicators are as follows:

a) Unconventional water utilization capacity, reclaimed water production capacity, rainwater harvesting and utilization project storage capacity, seawater desalination project scale, reclaimed water Development indicators such as the number of plants and water intake points, and the number of seawater desalination projects;

b) Unconventional water use, including reclaimed water use, rainwater harvesting and storage use, seawater desalination use, mine (well) water use, and saline water use. Utilization indicators include water usage, direct seawater usage, reclaimed water utilization rate, and mine (well) water utilization rate.

6.2.4 Main Tasks Based on the overall planning ideas and objectives, relevant plans for water resources and unconventional water development and utilization can be integrated, and comprehensive analysis can be conducted. Based on this, the overall layout of unconventional water development and utilization within the planning scope is clarified, and the scientific development, efficient allocation, and rational utilization of unconventional water are proposed. Key tasks include standardized management and support and guarantee.

6.3 Analysis of Unconventional Water Demand

6.3.1 For unconventional water demand, both alleviating water shortages and optimizing water allocation should be considered holistically, and a comprehensive analysis should be conducted according to different water-using industries.

a) Alleviating water shortage. This mainly involves analyzing the water shortage affecting the economic, social, and ecological environment within the planning area, which can be addressed by increasing unconventional water supply. Situations where the problem is partially or completely resolved;

b) Optimized Allocation. This mainly analyzes the supply (allocation) of water resources such as surface water, groundwater, and externally diverted water within the planning area, which can be achieved through extraordinary measures. Situations requiring water replacement (displacement).

6.3.2 Unconventional water demand analysis (water use classification) should be conducted by industry (user) based on the regional (basin) industrial structure and water use characteristics. See Appendix B for details. It mainly includes the following.

a) Industry. Focus on analyzing water demand in production and auxiliary production systems such as cooling, washing, boiler feed, process and product systems;

b) Ecology. Focus on analyzing urban and rural environments (including municipal sanitation, landscaping, and landscape) and river and lake ecological water replenishment (including rivers, lakes, and wetlands). Water demand (including surface and groundwater replenishment);

c) Daily Life. The analysis will focus on the water demand of the service industry (including car washes, artificial ski (ice) rinks, hotels, etc.), the construction industry, and residential water use.

d) Agriculture. Focus on analyzing water demand for farmland irrigation, garden grass irrigation, fishpond replenishment (excluding marine aquaculture), and livestock and poultry farming.

6.3.3 Based on the water usage characteristics of different industries (users), rationally select methods such as the water consumption quota method and the typical water-using industry (user) analysis method (see appendix). (C.1) Analyze and calculate water demand, comprehensively consider water quality and process (time period) requirements, and propose unconventional water demand analysis results. (See Table D.1 in Appendix D for a sample table), and follow the rules below.

a) Industrial users can combine water balance testing to focus on analyzing typical industries with high water consumption, industrial parks, and large-scale industrial enterprises. The feasibility of using unconventional water to replace conventional water supply for industry (users) should be assessed, water quantity requirements should be determined, and water quality should meet the requirements of GB/T 39481. The relevant requirements of GB/T 41019 and SL368, etc.

b) Urban miscellaneous water users such as municipal sanitation and landscaping users can apply for subsidies based on the urban environmental sanitation cleaning area and the urban public green space irrigation area. This study analyzes the impact of different users on water consumption quotas for urban environmental sanitation and cleaning, and urban green space irrigation under different seasonal conditions. The water quantity and quality should meet the relevant requirements of SL368, etc.

c) Landscape environment users can analyze the water replenishment area and quotas for urban artificial wetlands, landscape rivers and lakes, and artificial water features. The seasonal characteristics of water determine the required water quantity, and the water quality should meet the relevant requirements of SL368, etc.

d) Ecological water replenishment for rivers and lakes can be based on the ecological flow (water volume, water level) guarantee targets of key river and lake sections or in accordance with the technical requirements of SL/T 712. The appropriate water volume should be determined to prevent the deterioration of river and lake water quality.

e) Groundwater recharge requirements should be reasonably determined based on the continuous infiltration capacity of the recharge facilities during the planning period, and should not compromise groundwater quality. deterioration.

6.4 Analysis of Unconventional Water Supply

6.4.1 The analysis of unconventional water supply should comprehensively consider the development and utilization potential of unconventional water sources and the engineering water supply capacity, and should be tailored to different water source types. The agreement is confirmed.

6.4.2 The annual wastewater treatment capacity, mine drainage inflow, and saline water recharge at the planned level should be analyzed and predicted for potential use in unconventional water development. The amount of water used. This mainly includes the following.

a) Based on the current wastewater treatment volume, and considering the changes in wastewater discharge and collection volumes in the planned year, predict the wastewater treatment volume in the planned year. Wastewater treatment capacity;

b) Based on the current mine drainage water inflow, and considering the scale of mineral resource extraction or the layout of underground engineering construction during the planning period, predict the planning... Annual mine drainage water inflow;

c) Based on the results of the water resources survey and assessment of saline water recharge, and in conjunction with other latest survey and statistical data, explain the saline water recharge at the planned level for the current year. Dosage;

d) The development and utilization of rainwater harvesting and desalinated seawater are theoretically not limited by the upper limit of rainwater and seawater volume, so they do not need to be analyzed.

6.4.3 In accordance with the principle of encouraging or prioritizing utilization under conditions of effective demand, and in conjunction with planning objectives and water demand, analyze different water resources. The theoretical potential for unconventional water development and utilization in the planning level year of source type is calculated using the method described in C.2.1.It mainly includes the following.

a) Reclaimed water. Assess the potential for reclaimed water development and utilization based on the planned annual wastewater treatment volume, etc.

b) Mine (well) water. Analyze the mine (well) water based on the planned annual mine drainage inflow and water quality, and the mining enterprise's own water consumption. Develop and utilize potential;

c) Seawater and desalinated seawater. Considering the water demand in coastal and island areas, the water resource allocation pattern, and the utilization of seawater and desalination... Estimate the development and utilization potential of seawater and desalinated seawater by considering factors such as engineering support feasibility;

d) Rainwater harvesting and storage. Taking into account regional (watershed) geographical characteristics and climate features, and drawing on international best practices, analyze rainwater harvesting and storage utilization methods. Considering feasibility, the possibility of supporting rainwater harvesting and utilization projects, and estimating the potential for rainwater harvesting and utilization;

e) Saline Water. Based on the planned annual groundwater recharge, exploitable volume, and available surface saline water volume, combined with their spatial distribution, analyze... Potential for the development and utilization of saline water.

Note. The potential for seawater development and utilization mainly refers to the volume of seawater used or desalinated seawater used to replace freshwater, excluding natural uses of seawater for cooling, aquaculture (planting), and cleaning. The amount of water.

6.4.4 The planned water resources should be determined based on the theoretical potential of unconventional water development and utilization, combined with the water supply capacity of existing, renovated (expanded), and newly built water source projects. The annual water supply capacity is calculated using methods described in C.2.2 and C.2.3.Taking into account the effluent quality and water supply guarantee rate of various water source projects, a planning level annual target is proposed. The results of the analysis of unconventional water supply (see Table D.2) shall be presented, and the following rules shall be followed.

6.5 Unconventional Water Configuration Scheme

6.5.1 Configuration Approach Based on the actual water resources and unconventional water development and utilization within the planning scope, and in conjunction with planning objectives and supply and demand analysis, the planning level annual extraordinary [measures] should be proposed. Water allocation strategy.

6.5.2 Configuration Scheme Formulation Taking into account factors such as unconventional water supply and demand, water quality, water demand process (time period), water supply guarantee rate, and spatial distribution, a two-way supply and demand assessment is conducted. Matching and coordinating different water supply sources and different water-using industries (users) to formulate configuration schemes (see Table D.3 for a sample). Specific configuration principles. include.

a) It is advisable to formulate unconventional water development and utilization allocation plans by region;

b) When matching supply and demand, for concentrated and large-volume water use, it is advisable to match suitable water sources based on demand; for dispersed and small-volume water use, it is advisable to... Supply-oriented, matching suitable users;

c) When coordinating supply and demand, targeted measures should be taken based on the analysis and identification of key constraints such as water quantity, water quality, and water supply guarantee rate. Analysis and coordination of measures to increase supply capacity, improve water quality standards, and enhance protection levels;

d) Supply-side allocation order. Priority should be given to reclaimed water and mine (well) water, with appropriate allocation of saline water and rainwater harvesting. In areas where conditions permit, water should be collected... Extreme configuration of desalinated water and seawater;

e) Demand-side allocation priority. Unconventional water should be prioritized for production and domestic use in industries, urban and rural environments, services, construction, and agriculture. Water should be allocated primarily for ecological purposes; if it must be allocated for residential water use, it should meet relevant water quality standards and monitoring requirements.

f) Recommendations for configuration among different water source types and utilization areas are shown in Table 1.

6.5.3 Reasonableness Analysis A feasibility analysis should be conducted on the proposed unconventional water allocation scheme. This mainly includes the following.

a) An analysis should be conducted to determine whether unconventional water allocation schemes are consistent with relevant laws, regulations, policies, and higher-level plans concerning water resources and water conservation management. compatibility;

b) Based on the unconventional water allocation plan, analyze the degree to which unconventional water demand is met and the utilization status of available water, and evaluate the non-conventional water use. The rationality of conventional water supply and demand allocation;

c) The impact of unconventional water allocation schemes on regional (watershed) water supply and demand and water supply structure should be analyzed to optimize regional (watershed) water resources. From the perspectives of resource allocation and enhancing water security resilience, evaluate the rationality of unconventional water allocation schemes;

d) It can analyze the effects of unconventional water allocation schemes on reducing sewage discharge, restoring river and lake ecosystems, and controlling groundwater over-extraction, from... In terms of restoring and improving regional (watershed) aquatic ecosystems and water environment quality, the rationality of unconventional water allocation schemes will be evaluated.

6.6 Project Planning and Investment Estimate

6.6.1 Project Layout The water network construction should be coordinated with unconventional water allocation plans, taking into account factors such as spatial distribution, transmission and distribution pipelines, land use policies, and environmental protection. The plan should specify the spatial distribution and route layout of unconventional water development and utilization projects at the planning level.

6.6.2 Key Projects

6.6.2.1 The unconventional water allocation scheme should be aligned with the overall water resource allocation scheme within the planning scope, and different types should be handled in accordance with GB 50282. GB 50335, GB/T 31392, GB/T 39219, GB/T 41019, GB/T 50596, and Jianbiao 198, etc., define the development and utilization of unconventional water resources. Key projects. These mainly include the following.

a) Water source projects mainly include the renovation (upgrading), expansion, and construction of unconventional water purification (desalination) treatment water plants (facilities) and water... Rainwater collection facilities such as cellars, water tanks, rainwater containers, pools, and ponds;

b) Transmission and distribution projects mainly include transmission and distribution pipelines, channels, booster pump stations, valves, and storage facilities;

c) The main components of the project include water intake stations (points), control valves, and water supply facilities;

d) The operation and management platform mainly includes water quantity and quality monitoring, intelligent operation and management system, etc.

6.6.2.2 When planning unconventional water development and utilization projects, the following rules shall be followed.

a) Water source projects should prioritize existing water source projects that have reached full production capacity, renovation (upgrading and transformation), and expansion, before considering new planned projects.

b) The pipeline layout should be economical and reasonable. When the water supply distance is long or the terrain is uneven, booster pump stations should be installed; In response to situations such as uneven water usage, unstable water supply, year-end regulation, or emergency backup, it is advisable to set up water storage facilities.

c) The engineering layout should facilitate management and maintenance, and be readily accessible.

d) The operation and management platform should be planned and coordinated with water source projects, transmission and distribution networks, etc.

6.6.3 Investment Estimate and Implementation Plan

6.6.3.1 The estimated funding for the planned project should be calculated based on relevant regulations such as the planning and construction tasks and investment estimates, taking into account the level of economic and social development. need.

6.6.3.2 It is advisable to take into account both short-term and long-term goals, needs and possibilities, and to consider technical and economic rationality, and to implement the project construction tasks in phases or by year. Implementation plan.

6.6.3.3 The implementation plan should clearly define the project name, project scale, construction content, construction period, responsible unit, funding requirements, and key projects. See Table D.4 for a sample schedule.

6.7 Policy and Management

6.7.1 Based on the policy support and guarantees for unconventional water development and utilization in the region (watershed) and the existing problems, suggestions should be made to promote the development and utilization of unconventional water. Non-engineering measures.

6.7.2 It is advisable to propose relevant measures to improve the unconventional water development and utilization system from the aspects of clarifying responsibilities and promoting collaborative efforts.

6.7.3 It is advisable to propose relevant measures to optimize the mechanism for the development and utilization of unconventional water resources from the aspects of market regulation and mutual promotion of supply and demand.

6.7.4 It is advisable to propose relevant measures to improve the institutional policies for the development and utilization of unconventional water resources, from the aspects of unified allocation and incentive constraints.

6.7.5 It is advisable to propose relevant measures to strengthen the supervision and management of unconventional water development and utilization from the aspects of water supply security and risk control.

6.8 Environmental Impact Assessment

6.8.1 Planning environmental impact assessments should be conducted in accordance with relevant national regulations such as the Regulations on Environmental Impact Assessment for Planning and technical standards such as HJ130. The analysis examines the relationship between the plan and relevant laws, regulations, policies, higher-level plans, and plans at the same level in terms of environmental objectives, ecological protection, and resource utilization. The conformity and coordination.

6.8.2 The potential impacts of the plan's implementation on the regional (watershed) water bodies, soil, and other ecological environments, as well as public health, should be analyzed, with specific requirements outlined. include.

a) For the development and utilization of reclaimed water, saline water, and rainwater harvesting, an analysis should be conducted on the impact on the regional (watershed) water cycle and river and lake water within the scope of the plan's implementation. The impact on the downstream water volume (water level) and water quality, and other aquatic ecological environments;

b) For irrigation using reclaimed water, saline water, or mine (well) water, an analysis should be conducted to determine the potential for pollutant accumulation and secondary salinization. Impacts on soil and ecological environment;

c) If unconventional water is allocated to residential areas, the potential adverse effects on human health should be analyzed.

6.8.3 Propose measures to mitigate or compensate for potential adverse impacts from the implementation of the plan, and propose follow-up monitoring for major environmental impacts. And evaluation plan.

6.9 Safeguard Measures

6.9.1 Organizational support measures for the implementation of the plan can be proposed from aspects such as organizational leadership and tracking evaluation.

6.9.2 Measures to ensure funding for the implementation of the plan can be proposed from aspects such as investment and financing.

6.9.3 Scientific and technological support measures can be proposed from aspects such as technology research and development and promotion.

6.9.4 Planning, implementation, publicity, and support measures can be proposed from aspects such as publicity, education, and popular science.

7.Planning and Demonstration The planning process should follow the laws of natural, economic, and social development, fully consider the opinions of experts, departments, and the public, and address major issues in the planning. The evaluation of the issues and planning outcomes mainly includes the following.

a) Give full play to the expertise of specialists from various industries and fields, and conduct expert consultations on major issues, key topics, and planning outcomes in the planning process. Home consultation and assessment;

b) Solicit opinions in a timely manner from relevant departments such as development and reform, industry and information technology, finance, natural resources, ecology and environment, housing and urban-rural development, and agriculture and rural affairs. We will consult with relevant departments (units) to jointly improve the planning results;

c) Promote public participation in planning, widely solicit public opinions and suggestions, and enhance public awareness and understanding of unconventional water development and utilization. Level of acceptance.

8.Deliverables Planning deliverables should include, but are not limited to, planning documents, planning maps, and planning appendices.

a) The planning document includes the current situation and circumstances, overall requirements, demand analysis, supply analysis, allocation plan, engineering planning and investment estimates, and government policies. The plan includes policy and management, environmental impact assessment, and safeguard measures. See Appendix E for the outline of the planning report.

b) Planning documents include basic analysis diagrams and planning outcome diagrams, which should be consistent with the content requirements expressed in the planning text. Basic analysis diagrams This includes topographic maps, administrative division maps, precipitation contour maps, and current distribution maps of unconventional water development and utilization projects. The plan is to... The drawings include the overall layout map, configuration pattern map, and key project planning map of unconventional water development and utilization projects.

c) The appendices to the plan include a table of the current status of unconventional water development and utilization, a table of planning objectives and indicators, and a table of key planning projects.