GB/T 47377-2026Comprehensive test methods for the air environment of manned spacecraft assemblies (English PDF)

8.1.1 Thermal boundary simulation of the sealed chamber

8.1.1.1 Thermal vacuum test The thermal boundary simulation method for sealed chambers should meet the requirements of

6.1 in GB/T 34515-2017.

8.1.1.2 Atmospheric Pressure Test The requirements for thermal boundary simulation of the sealed chamber are as follows:

a) The method for determining the ambient temperature under normal pressure is as follows: 1) Determine the total heat leakage of the sealed chamber. Select similar test conditions from the thermal vacuum thermal test as benchmark conditions, and statistically analyze the heat leakage of various components within the sealed chamber. The sum of various heat loads (including heat generated by equipment operation, waste heat from power supply and distribution systems, and heat generated by passenger metabolism) is used to calculate the internal circuit heat load. The heat collected is used to calculate the total heat leakage of the sealed chamber under each working condition according to formula (1).

8.1.2 Simulation of inter-cabin ventilation flow field The requirements for simulating the flow field between the modules of a manned spacecraft assembly are as follows:

a) The ventilation system inside the test model cabin should meet the requirements of the manned spacecraft assembly development status.

b) If the test conditions permit, the real-state test model should be used to form a manned spacecraft assembly for the test.

c) If constrained by factors such as model state, space environment, and simulation chamber space, it is not possible to form a combined body using a real-state experimental model. For testing, a single real-state test model can be paired with a scaled-down chamber to simulate the inter-chamber flow field. The scaled-down chamber requires... as follows: 1) The envelope dimensions of the manned spacecraft assembly configuration and the effective volume envelope dimensions of the space environment simulation chamber should be analyzed to determine the scaled-down cabin. Upper limit of feature size; 2) The lower limit of the characteristic dimensions of the scaled-down compartment should be determined through fluid dynamics simulation analysis; 3) The scaled-down compartment should be selected from the upper limit of the characteristic dimensions determined in 1) and the lower limit of the characteristic dimensions determined in 2). 4) The scale-down chamber should ensure airtightness under test pressure conditions; 5) The scale-down chamber should be equipped with the same thermal insulation measures as the sealed chamber of the test model; 6) If the gas inside the sealed chamber needs to be collected for harmful gas detection during the test, the materials contained in the scaled-down chamber should not interfere with the test. Hazardous gas detection.

d) If it is not feasible to use a single real-world test model in conjunction with a scaled-down chamber for testing, alternative test models can be selected based on the actual situation. The test model simulates cabin ventilation in certain functional areas, with the following requirements. 1) The selected functional area should not be a primary area for personnel activity; 2) The selected functional area should not affect the implementation of other verification items in the experiment; 3) Fluid dynamics simulation analysis should be used to compare the differences between the simulated flow field and the actual flow field in the functional area.

8.1.3 Simulation of Air Components The requirements for air composition simulation are as follows:

a) If experimental conditions permit, the generation, transport, and handling of O2, CO2, and water vapor within a sealed chamber should be simulated realistically;

b) If the experimental system needs to be scaled down due to experimental constraints, it can simulate both water vapor and CO2, or only the generation and transport of water vapor. Transport and processing, as targets for other air components;

c) A weighing device should be provided to weigh the condensate collected in the sealed chamber in real time during the test.

8.2 Test Preparation The following preparatory work should be carried out during the experiment preparation phase.

8.3 Status Setting and Checking

8.3.1 Before entering the space environment simulation room The following are the setup and inspection procedures for the test model and scaled-down cabin before they enter the space environment simulation chamber.

a) All sensors, occupant metabolism simulation devices, and other experimental equipment were installed in the sealed chamber of the test model, and cables and pipes were installed. Road layout;

b) Conduct system-wide commissioning or trial operation of test models and test equipment.

8.3.2 After entering the space environment simulation room The following are the status settings and inspection items after the test model and scaled-down cabin enter the space environment simulation chamber.

a) Connect all types of pipes and cables;

b) Connect the various sealed chambers of the test model, or the test model and the scaled-down chamber;

c) Conduct airtightness checks on all types of pipelines and sealed chamber connections;

d) Conduct system-wide commissioning or trial operation of the test model, test equipment, space environment simulation room, etc.

8.4 Test Start The requirements for starting the test are as follows:

a) When conducting tests using the thermal vacuum test method, the start-up of the test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of

10.4 in GB/T 34515-2017.

b) When conducting a test using the atmospheric pressure method, the test initiation should include. 1) Replace the gas in the space environment simulation chamber to lower the dew point temperature; 2) Activate the floor cooling source after the indoor dew point in the simulated space environment drops to the lowest temperature of the floor cooling source, to avoid triggering the external circuit pipes. Condensation on roads and equipment; 3) Activate pipeline heating measures as needed; 4) Start the test model and test equipment according to the first unmanned metabolic condition benchmarked against the thermal vacuum test; 5) Activate the temperature control system of the space environment simulation chamber and set the first unmanned metabolic condition corresponding to the thermal vacuum test. The ambient temperature was compared with the heat leakage data of the sealed chamber in the thermal vacuum test, and the ambient temperature was corrected.

8.5 Trial Run The requirements for the trial operation are as follows:

a) Initiate unattended metabolic operation. Once the operation meets the stability criteria, perform data measurements, including. 1) Obtain structural and equipment temperature data for the sealed chamber of the test model; 2) Correct the ambient temperature of the space environment simulation chamber temperature control system; 3) Obtain data from the air temperature sensor with the test model; 4) Obtain air temperature measurement data for the combined unit; 5) If a scaled-down chamber is used, the temperature of the thermal control foam and the air temperature of the scaled-down chamber should be obtained.

8.7 Test Faults and Handling

8.7.1 In case of equipment malfunction, the following procedures shall be followed.

a) If the space environment simulation chamber system or the ground cooling source malfunctions and the experiment is suspended, backup equipment should be activated to ensure the experiment continues. Okay, after the test is completed, we will carry out repairs on the faulty equipment;

b) A failure of a single occupant metabolic simulation device does not require pausing the experiment; the experiment can continue by adjusting the parameters of other compliant devices.

8.7.2 If a test is suspended due to a test model malfunction, the first step should be to analyze and locate the fault, confirming that the fault affects the achievement of the test objectives and the test results. The degree of validity of the test. The following procedures shall then be followed.

a) If the faulty test model has a backup, the backup should be activated to continue the test;

b) If the faulty equipment in the test model has no backup and cannot be recovered, and the faulty product does not affect the overall cabin seal, the test should be stopped. The situation then transitions to subsequent operating conditions.

c) If the faulty equipment has no backup and cannot be recovered, and the faulty product affects the overall cabin seal, the test should be stopped and the space annulus opened. The environmental simulation room is undergoing maintenance.

9.1 Data Measurement

9.1.1 Temperature and humidity data measurement The requirements for measuring temperature and humidity data are as follows:

a) The structure and temperature of the sealed chamber of the test model should be measured, including the following. 1) Inlet and outlet temperatures of each heat exchange terminal in the active temperature control loop; 2) Temperature control of the thermal foam in the sealed chamber; 3) Temperature at the interface between the human activity area and the equipment area; 4) Temperature of low-temperature regions such as the surface of the low-temperature inner circuit coating layer; 5) Temperature of other high-power or temperature-sensitive equipment.

b) Ensure that the temperature and humidity sensors with the test model are working properly.

c) Additional air temperature and relative humidity measuring points should be added, covering the test model passage, work area, sleeping area, sanitary area, and dining area. In areas where people are active, such as fitness areas, as well as near air vents and occupant metabolic simulation devices, the number of measurement points in each area should not be less than [number missing]. Two measuring points should be used, and the interval between the measuring points should not exceed 1m. The relative humidity measuring point and the air temperature measuring point should be arranged in the same location.

d) High-risk areas for condensation inside the sealed chamber should be identified in advance and monitored by cameras.

e) If a scaled-down chamber is used, the temperature of the thermal control foam, the air temperature, and the relative humidity of the scaled-down chamber should be measured.

f) The measurement error of the temperature sensor should be within ±0.5°C, and the measurement error of the relative humidity sensor should be within ±2%.

9.1.2 Measurement of Air Composition Data The requirements for measuring air composition data are as follows:

a) Ensure that the air composition sensor with the test model is functioning properly;

b) Additional air component measurement points should be added, covering areas such as the test model passage, work area, sleeping area, sanitary area, dining area, and fitness area. In the crew activity area and near the crew metabolic simulation device, the number of measurement points in each area should not be less than two, and the interval between measurement points should not be less than It should exceed 1m;

c) If a scaled-down chamber is used, the air composition inside the scaled-down chamber should be measured;

d) The measurement error of the O2 partial pressure sensor should be within ±

0.5 kPa, and the measurement error of the CO2 partial pressure sensor should be within ±

0.05 kPa. Within the enclosure.

9.2 Data Analysis

9.2.1 Air temperature and humidity data The requirements for air temperature and humidity data analysis are as follows:

a) Based on the data from the temperature and humidity sensors with the experimental model, analyze the control capability and operating parameters of the air temperature and humidity control system.

b) Compile the trend curves of air temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, and water vapor partial pressure at various locations in the activity area of the personnel in the experimental model. Distribution cloud map; compile the air temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, and water vapor partial pressure gradient between the sealed chambers of the test model. Analyze parameter stability, identify areas exceeding design requirements, and analyze the rationality of temperature and humidity sensor layout.

c) Analyze whether the ventilation system meets the requirements for water vapor transport capacity, and provide a basis for improving the ventilation system.

d) Compile temperature data for areas in direct contact with air and identify areas with temperatures below the dew point.

9.2.2 Air composition data The requirements for air composition data analysis are as follows:

a) Based on the data from the air component sensor with the experimental model, analyze the control capability and operating parameters of the air component control system.

b) Compile the air component concentration/partial pressure trend curves and distribution cloud maps for each location in the personnel activity area of the experimental model; compile the experimental model... Air component concentration/partial pressure gradient between each sealed chamber. Analyze parameter stability, identify areas exceeding design requirements, and conduct analysis. The rationality of the product layout of air composition sensors.

c) Based on the partial pressure distribution data of air components, analyze whether the ventilation system's transport capacity for various air components meets the requirements, and provide guidance for ventilation. This provides a basis for system improvement.

d) For air components that were not tested, the distribution of their partial pressure in various regions should be analyzed based on the water vapor partial pressure distribution and simulation.

9.3 Test Evaluation After all test conditions have been completed, the test should be evaluated according to the following requirements.

a) During the experiment, were the air environment parameter data of the test model under each test condition, and the data between the sealed chambers, completely acquired? Do the gradient data of the air parameter field and the distribution of the combined air environment parameter data meet medical requirements?

b) Whether the control capability of the air environment control system of the test model meets the design requirements;

c) Whether other indicators that need to be verified in the experiment meet the requirements.