GB/T 46871-2025Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage - Carbon dioxide storage using enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) (English PDF)

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".

Drafting.

This document is equivalent to ISO 27916:2019, "Carbon dioxide capture, transport and geological storage for enhanced oil recovery." "Sealed off".

Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Environmental Management (SAC/TC207).

Introduction

Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a technology that enhances oil recovery by injecting CO2 into oil fields.

The process involves injecting CO2 under pressure using a well, typically mixed with oil, altering the oil's properties to make it easier to flow to production wells.

In most cases, CO2-EOR projects are designed as a closed-loop system, where some of the injected CO2 is co-produced with oil and stored on-site.

The CO2 is separated in the surface recovery facility and then reinjected into the reservoir. The CO2 injected into the project reservoir is an inherent element of the injection and production operations.

This document requires proof of such storage. CO2 injected and remaining in the project reservoir (or EOR complex) after the end of oil production activities.

It will not be released into the atmosphere afterward; this type of trapping is called "associated storage." Appendix A provides a detailed description of the CO2-EOR process, including when...

Previous use and potential "next-generation" uses, and associated storage that occurs as an integral part of these operations. Although methane is commonly found in...

The EOR project reservoir is included, but this document does not specifically address issues such as the monitoring and quantification of emission reductions for methane or other greenhouse gases. Through trap assessment...

Cost and leakage path analysis demonstrate that the CO2-EOR meets the long-term safe storage requirements of the demonstration project. As described in Appendix A, CO2-EOR has already been internationally recognized.

Deployed for decades and with the potential to expand, CO2-EOR is commercially valuable because it allows for the additional recovery of hydrocarbon resources.

The source, as part of the process, safely and long-term captures the injected CO2.

This document applies to the quantification and recording of total CO2 stored in relation to CO2-EOR (and optionally the anthropogenic portion of CO2).

This document recognizes that CO2-EOR is primarily an oil recovery operation. Related to this oil recovery is the safe and long-term generation of CO2.

Storage. The lack of universally accepted standards to demonstrate the long-term safety and capacity of CO2-EOR associated sequestration constitutes a challenge to expanding CO2-EOR storage.

The obstacle of scale. The purpose of this document is to remove this obstacle by providing a method to demonstrate the long-term nature of CO2 associated with CO2-EOR.

The document outlines the safe storage and determination of the amount of CO2 stored, aiming to promote services and trade related to CO2-EOR. This document does not cover record-keeping.

Financial consequences, or non-existent consequences, of CO2 storage associated with CO2-EOR operations.

This document does not provide requirements for the selection, characterization, and licensing of CO2-EOR project sites, as these sites are subject to regulations applicable to the petroleum and...

The requirements and standards for natural gas exploration and production are used for selection, characterization, and licensing. Similarly, this document does not specify requirements applicable to all hydrocarbon compounds.

Regulations and standards governing production operations provide environmental, health, and safety protections, corrective actions, and mitigation requirements (many applicable to CO2 injection).

A list of existing standards for well and oil and gas operations is provided in the references. This document does indeed provide evidence that the site in question is adequate.

To meet the requirements for safe, long-term storage of CO2 associated with the CO2-EOR complex, demonstrate that CO2 injection is essential for ensuring CO2 capture.

This is done in a specific manner, and the associated storage is quantified.

This document provides a quantification of CO2 storage levels associated with CO2-EOR operations. The quantification results presented in this document can be used to...

Greenhouse gas emissions, reductions, or mitigation measures that comply with other standards, agreements, or plans such as ISO 14064-1, ISO 14064-2, and ISO 14064-3.

A small amount of quantification or reporting input is required. Specifically, this document provides methods for identifying and quantifying CO2 losses (including fugitive emissions) and quantifying...

Guidance on CO2 storage associated with CO2-EOR projects. This quantification can be used for emissions and emissions throughout the entire carbon capture, transport, and storage chain.

In a broader scheme for quantifying and validating emission reductions. Specifically, using this document will provide a method that can be used as described in ISO/T R27915.

The quantization result of the input method is used for quantization and verification (Q).

The quantification of storage can be combined with the quantification results generated according to ISO 27920, CO2 capture, transport and geological storage---quantification and Verification is currently under development. Storage associated with the CO2-EOR project, as part of the CCS project chain, can be linked to one or more...

The quantification of individual capture, transport, and geological storage systems is combined to generate a total quantification of the entire CCS project chain. This includes certain emissions quantification and reporting.

Under this system, CO2 storage associated with CO2-EOR is considered unemitted and excluded from calculations or offsets.

Carbon dioxide capture, transport and geological storage Carbon dioxide sequestration for enhanced oil recovery

1 Scope

2 Normative references

This document has no normative references.

3 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.