GB/T 45949-2025Specification for semantic structuring annotation of Chinese news (English PDF)
中文新闻语义结构化标注
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Issued by
SAMR; SAC
Level / Type
National · Recommended
Issue date
June 30, 2025
Implementation date
June 30, 2025
Scope
GB/T 45949-2025 is the English-translated version of 中文新闻语义结构化标注.
GB/T 45949-2025 is the Chinese national standard covering marking up a news story so a machine can read its meaning — the annotation workflow and paradigm, the preprocessing that sets an object identifier and collects the publication metadata, the keyword layer, the semantic template layer built from core and limiting elements, the semantic unit layer with its parameters and states, and a fully worked annotated story from original text to finished markup. At 21,500 words, with the annotation templates and a complete worked example. The scope stops at a single manuscript: nothing here annotates across stories. First edition, in force from 30 June 2025. Issued on 30 June 2025, it has been in force since 30 June 2025.
Document preview — GB/T 45949-2025
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
- ICS
- 35.240.30
- Classification
- L 60
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC
Contents
- PrefaceIII
- IntroductionIV
- 1 Scope1
- 2 Normative references1
- 3 Terms and Definitions1
- 4 Overview of News Semantic Structured Annotation2
- 4.1 Labeling Process2
- 4.2 Annotation Paradigm3
- 5 Preprocessing4
- 5.1 Setting the annotation object identifier4
- 5.2 News Release Metadata Collection4
- 6 Keyword annotation5
- 6.1 Marking content5
- 6.2 Marking Template5
- 6.3 Marking method5
- 7 Semantic Template Annotation6
- 7.1 Marking content6
- 7.2 Marking Templates14
- 7.3 Marking method15
- 8 Semantic Unit Annotation16
- 8.1 Marking content16
- 8.2 Marking Templates17
- 8.3 Marking method18
- Appendix A (Informative) Application Scenario Examples23
- A.1 Structural management of news content23
- A.2 Generating a Knowledge Base of Manuscript Content23
- A.3 Building a high-quality knowledge graph23
- A.4 Low-cost and high-efficiency training of artificial neural network models23
- Appendix B (Informative) Complete Example of News Semantic Structured Annotation24
- B.1 Original24
- B.2 Preprocessing24
- B.3 Keyword Annotation26
- B.4 Semantic Template Annotation27
- B.5 Semantic Unit Annotation29
- Reference32
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents" Drafting.
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Chinese News Information (SAC/TC352).
This document was drafted by: Wenling Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing Language and Culture University, Southeast University, Xinhua News Agency, China Internet News News Center, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Zhejiang Daily Newspaper Group, and Baoding Data Bureau (National Data Labeling Base).
The main drafters of this document are: Wang Nan, Rao Gaoqi, Yang Peng, Ding Desheng, Wang Yi, Fu Rong, Wang Guirong, Wang Jianping, Huang Jing, Li Sun, Jia Chengxi, Zhang Chuang, Li Bing, Yang Dongmei, Zhou Tianwai, and Song Yongsheng.
Introduction
With the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology in the news field, establishing standardized Chinese news data processing standards has become an important part of industry development.
This document is formulated to build a unified Chinese news semantic annotation system, through a standardized data processing process to achieve The following two major goals. one is to provide support for the systematic construction of news knowledge base and knowledge graph; the other is to improve the training of artificial neural network models Improve data quality and efficiency, and promote the intelligent transformation of the news industry.
Semantic structured annotation of Chinese news
1 Scope
This document specifies the preprocessing, keyword annotation, semantic template annotation and semantic unit annotation of Chinese news semantic structured annotation. method.
This document is suitable for news content providers, media applications and research institutions to manually annotate news articles, and can also be used for machine automation. Annotation.
This document is not intended for semantically structured annotation across manuscripts.
2 Normative references
GB/T 20092.2-2022
GB/T 20093-2022
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 keyword
Words that represent specific semantics in news articles.
Note. “Specific semantics” refers to the content of the news article that the annotator considers important, including the article’s theme, important people, important events, and important common sense.
3.2 semantic unit
The basic unit that expresses complete semantics in news releases.
Note. Semantic units are mainly divided into entities, things, events and other types, and are the basis for complex semantic structures including knowledge graphs.
3.3
Describes or defines the characteristic quantity of a semantic unit.
NOTE. Semantic unit parameters include attributes, properties, aspects, capabilities (purposes), categories, limitations and states.
3.4 stateofsemanticunit
The set of values of semantic unit parameters in a specific time and space.
Note. The state of a semantic unit is used to describe the dynamic nature of the development and change of things. When marking, it is marked as a parameter of the semantic unit.
3.5 semantictemplate
A fixed structure that expresses semantics.
Note. It consists of core elements, limiting elements and their relationships.
......
This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 35 pages — is available in the English PDF.
Referenced standards
Editions of GB/T 45949
| Edition | Title | Revision | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB/T 45949-2025 | Specification for semantic structuring annotation of Chinese news | current edition | Current |
This page sells the current edition, GB/T 45949-2025. Earlier editions are listed for reference only.
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Related Standards
GB/T 20092.2-2022 — Chinese news information content—Part 2: News metadata
GB/T 20093-2022 — Classification and codes of Chinese news information
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