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GB/T 45741-2025Lifetime estimation method of space debris in low earth orbit (English PDF)

低地球轨道空间碎片寿命计算方法

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Issued by

SAMR; SAC

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

May 30, 2025

Implementation date

September 1, 2025

Scope

GB/T 45741-2025 is the English-translated version of 低地球轨道空间碎片寿命计算方法.

GB/T 45741-2025 is the Chinese national standard covering how long a piece of debris stays up — the calculation procedure, the conversion between instantaneous and mean orbital elements, the area-to-mass ratio that governs how quickly the residual atmosphere pulls an object down and that is the hardest quantity to pin down for a tumbling fragment, the lifetime model itself, and the end point taken as re-entry to 120 km, the definition that makes two estimates comparable. First edition, in force from 1 September 2025. Issued on 30 May 2025, it has been in force since 1 September 2025.

Document preview — GB/T 45741-2025

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS
49.140
Classification
V 70

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC

Contents

  • PrefaceIII
  • 1 Scope1
  • 2 Normative references1
  • 3 Terms and Definitions1
  • 4 Track life calculation process2
  • 5 Area-to-mass ratio estimation4
  • 6 Low Earth Orbit Lifetime Calculation Model5
  • Appendix A (Informative) Conversion method between instantaneous orbital elements and average orbital elements7
  • Appendix B (Informative) Matters Needing Attention in Life Calculation8
  • Appendix C (Informative) Principles of the method for calculating the lifetime of low-orbit space debris9
  • Reference10

Foreword

This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents" Drafting.

Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Aerospace Technology and Its Applications (SAC/TC425).

This document was drafted by: National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Major Special Project Center of the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, Beijing Aerospace University, China Institute of Aerospace Standardization, and Beijing Space Vehicle General Design Department.

The main drafters of this document are: Liu Jing, Zhang Yao, Li David, Tang Menghui, Wang Yue, Zheng Fengchun, Li Yang, Quan Haofang, Feng Hao, Zhao Nanying.

Calculation method of lifetime of space debris in low earth orbit

1 Scope

This document specifies the methods for calculating the on-orbit lifetime of low-Earth orbit space debris, including the area-to-mass ratio calculation method and the lifetime time calculation method. method.

This document is applicable to the design of space debris mitigation programmes, the design of spacecraft and launch vehicle deorbit trajectories, and the overall space debris environment assessment. Estimation, etc.

2 Normative references

This document has no normative references.

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

3.1 Low Earth Orbit lowearthorbit;LEO

An Earth orbit with an apogee altitude of less than 2000 km.

3.2

The orbital elements of the instantaneous position and velocity vectors of a space object.

3.3 Mean orbital elements meanorbitelements

The orbital elements of the average orbital motion of space objects obtained by ignoring some changes in periodic terms introduced by disturbances.

3.4 orbitallifetime

From the completion of the space object's operation phase (if any) and post-mission disposal phase-related operations or the formation of space debris to its re-entry into the Earth Time interval at 120km altitude on the surface.

3.5 estimation of lifetime

The orbital lifetime of space debris is predicted using information such as orbital parameters, shape parameters and space environment parameters of space debris.

3.6

The ratio of the equivalent frontal area of space debris relative to the direction of atmospheric motion to the mass of space debris when the space debris is in orbit.

3.7

When space debris is in orbit, the ratio of the equivalent cross-sectional area of the space debris subjected to the solar radiation pressure to the mass of the space debris.

3.8

The disturbance caused by the deviation effect of the earth's gravity relative to the gravity of the earth's mass.

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This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 17 pages — is available in the English PDF.

Editions of GB/T 45741

EditionTitleRevisionStatus
GB/T 45741-2025Lifetime estimation method of space debris in low earth orbitcurrent editionCurrent

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