GB/T 45442-2025Statistical indicators system of cold chain logistics (English PDF)

1 Scope

This document gives the statistical indicators of cold chain logistics and the description of the second-level statistical indicators.

This document applies to the statistics and the management of cold chain logistics activities.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following document constitute indispensable provisions of this document through the normative reference made to them in the text. For dated references, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T 2934, General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods - Principal dimensions and tolerances.

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

3.1 cold chain logistics: the physical flow process in which, according to the characteristics of the goods, the goods are kept at all times from production to consumption in the temperature environment needed to maintain their quality. [SOURCE: GB/T 28577-2021, 3.2]

3.2 cold chain logistics service provider: an economic organization that provides cold chain logistics services, keeps independent accounts and bears civil liability independently.

3.3 enterprise cold chain logistics: the cold chain logistics activities that arise around the business operations of a producing or distributing enterprise.

4.1 Statistical indicators of cold chain logistics service providers

The statistical indicators of cold chain logistics service providers are given in Table 1. The table is arranged in three levels, first-level indicator, second-level indicator and third-level indicator; a dash in the table means that the second-level indicator concerned has no third-level indicator under it.

First-level indicator 1, cold chain logistics assets, has three second-level indicators: total assets in ten thousand yuan, current assets in ten thousand yuan and fixed assets in ten thousand yuan. None of them has a third level.

First-level indicator 2, cold stores, has four second-level indicators: refrigerated store volume in cubic metres, refrigerated store floor area in square metres, freezer store volume in cubic metres and freezer store floor area in square metres. Each of the four is split at the third level into the volume or the area that the enterprise owns and the volume or the area that it rents.

First-level indicator 3, carrying equipment, has seven second-level indicators: number of refrigerated vehicles, number of refrigerated ships, number of refrigerated containers, number of insulated containers, number of refrigerated boxes, number of insulated boxes and number of pallets. The number of refrigerated vehicles is split into road and rail refrigerated vehicles; the number of refrigerated containers and the number of insulated containers are each split into the intermodal ones and the air ones; the number of insulated boxes is split into reusable and non-reusable boxes; the number of pallets is split into standard and non-standard pallets. The number of refrigerated ships and the number of refrigerated boxes have no third level.

First-level indicator 4, cold chain logistics personnel, has seven second-level indicators and none of them has a third level. By level of education: staff holding a postgraduate degree or above, staff holding a bachelor degree, staff holding a junior college diploma, and staff educated to senior secondary level or below. By professional or technical grade: staff with a senior professional or technical title, staff with an intermediate title, and staff with a junior title.

First-level indicator 5, cold chain logistics business, has twenty second-level indicators. Ten of them concern carriage: freight volume in tonnes and freight turnover in tonne-kilometres, given separately for road, rail, water, air and multimodal transport. Each of these ten is split at the third level into the same eight goods categories: meat, fruit and vegetables, aquatic products, dairy, quick-frozen food, flowers and plants, pharmaceutical and medical goods, and other goods. The pre-cooling rate at origin, as a percentage, is split into meat, fruit and vegetables, aquatic products, and flowers and plants. The cold chain logistics loss rate, as a percentage, is split the same way. The remaining second-level indicators have no third level: average stock held in the cold store in tonnes, number of pallet positions in the cold store, number of stock keeping units (SKU) held in the cold store, cold store throughput in tonnes per month, average number of days in store, cold chain distribution processing volume in tonnes, number of cold chain orders, and cold chain delivery volume in tonnes.

First-level indicator 6, cold chain logistics revenue, has six second-level indicators, all in ten thousand yuan and none with a third level: revenue from cold chain transport, from cold chain warehousing, from cold chain loading, unloading and handling, from cold chain distribution processing, from cold chain delivery, and from cold chain information and related services.

First-level indicator 7, cold chain transport price, has five second-level indicators, all expressed in yuan per tonne-kilometre and none with a third level: the average freight rate for road, rail, water, air and multimodal cold chain transport.

First-level indicator 8, energy consumption, has two second-level indicators: fuel consumption in kilograms, split at the third level into petrol consumption and diesel consumption, and electricity consumption in ten thousand kilowatt-hours, with no third level.

Note 1 to Table 1 states how the eight goods categories are to be read. Meat covers primary processed products of livestock and poultry and products made from them. Fruit and vegetables covers fruit, vegetables and their processed products. Aquatic products covers fresh fish, crustaceans, shellfish and seaweed and their processed products. Dairy covers liquid milk and its products. Quick-frozen food covers quick-frozen raw products and quick-frozen cooked products. Flowers and plants covers flowers, plants and their fresh-cut products. Pharmaceutical and medical goods means medicines, medical devices and biological samples, mainly Chinese medicinal materials, prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs, Chinese patent medicines, chemical active pharmaceutical ingredients and their preparations, antibiotics, biochemical drugs, radiopharmaceuticals, sera, vaccines, blood products, diagnostic agents and biological samples. Other goods covers eggs, grain, chemicals, precision instruments, electronic goods, works of art and the like.

Note 2 to Table 1 states that a dash means that there is no third-level indicator under that second-level indicator.

4.2 Statistical indicators of enterprise cold chain logistics

The statistical indicators of enterprise cold chain logistics are given in Table 2, arranged in the same three levels as Table 1.

First-level indicator 1, cold stores, has four second-level indicators: volume of owned cold stores in cubic metres, floor area of owned cold stores in square metres, volume of rented cold stores in cubic metres and floor area of rented cold stores in square metres. Each is split at the third level into the refrigerated part and the frozen part.

First-level indicator 2, carrying equipment, has the same seven second-level indicators as Table 1: number of refrigerated vehicles, split into road and rail; number of refrigerated ships; number of refrigerated containers and number of insulated containers, each split into intermodal and air; number of refrigerated boxes; number of insulated boxes, split into reusable and non-reusable; and number of pallets, split into standardized and non-standardized.

First-level indicator 3, cold chain freight volume, has two second-level indicators in tonnes, self-operated cold chain freight volume and outsourced cold chain freight volume, each split at the third level into the same eight goods categories used in Table 1.

First-level indicator 4, cold chain logistics cost, has two second-level indicators in ten thousand yuan. Outsourced cold chain logistics cost has no third level. Self-operated cold chain logistics cost is split at the third level into cold chain transport cost, warehousing cost, distribution processing cost, delivery cost, information and related service cost, goods loss cost, insurance cost, interest cost and administrative cost.

First-level indicator 5, cold chain purchases, sales and inventory, has four second-level indicators in ten thousand yuan and none with a third level: value of cold chain goods purchased, value of cold chain goods sold, inventory balance of cold chain goods at the beginning of the year and inventory balance at the end of the year.

5 Description of the second-level statistical indicators

A.1 of Annex A gives the description of the second-level statistical indicators among the statistical indicators of cold chain logistics service providers, and A.2 gives the description of the second-level statistical indicators among the statistical indicators of enterprise cold chain logistics.

A.1 Annex A (normative) - Description of the second-level statistical indicators of cold chain logistics service providers

The description of the second-level statistical indicators of cold chain logistics service providers is given in Table A.1.

Total assets, current assets and fixed assets are respectively the total assets item, the current assets total item and the fixed assets total item of the enterprise balance sheet.

Refrigerated store volume and refrigerated store floor area are the usable storage volume and the usable storage floor area, owned or rented by the enterprise, that are cooled by mechanical refrigeration and have an insulating function. Freezer store volume and freezer store floor area are described in the same terms.

Number of refrigerated vehicles is the number of freight vehicles used by the enterprise for refrigerated carriage by road or rail, including mechanically refrigerated vehicles and freight vehicles that are insulated and cooled by other means. Number of refrigerated ships is the number of vessels used by the enterprise for refrigerated carriage by water.

Number of refrigerated containers is the number of refrigerated containers used by the enterprise for cold chain transport; an intermodal refrigerated container is one that can be used in two or three of road, rail and water transport. A refrigerated container is a container for cold chain goods that is cooled by a motor-driven compressor, with natural or forced air convection inside.

Number of insulated containers is the number of insulated containers used by the enterprise for cold chain transport. An insulated container, also called a thermally insulated container, has insulated walls, doors, floor and roof so as to reduce the exchange of heat between the inside and the outside.

Number of refrigerated boxes is the number of refrigerated boxes used by the enterprise for cold chain transport; a refrigerated box is a box for holding cold chain goods that is cooled by a motor-driven compressor, with natural or forced air convection inside. Number of insulated boxes is the number of insulated boxes that the enterprise can use repeatedly and in circulation in transport and delivery. Number of pallets is the number of pallets used by the enterprise for cold chain transport.

The four personnel indicators by education are, at the end of the reporting period, the staff in cold chain logistics operating and management posts whose highest completed level of education is postgraduate, bachelor, junior college, or senior secondary and below, and who hold the corresponding certificate; staff who dropped out, are still studying or discontinued their studies are not counted. The three indicators by professional or technical grade are, at the end of the reporting period, the staff in those posts who hold a senior, intermediate or junior certification as logistician, purchaser, supply chain manager or the like, or staff recognized as technically equivalent under the enterprise's own management rules.

Road cold chain freight volume is the weight of goods of all kinds that the enterprise carries by road under cold chain conditions, delivered to destination and unloaded. Road cold chain freight turnover is the transport work performed, equal to the freight volume multiplied by the transport distance. Rail, water and air cold chain freight volume and turnover are defined in the same way for their respective modes.

Multimodal cold chain freight volume is the weight of goods of all kinds carried in one loading unit continuously through two or more of road, rail and water transport, delivered to destination and unloaded; the corresponding turnover is that freight volume multiplied by the transport distance.

Pre-cooling rate at origin is the proportion of goods pre-cooled at the production end; it is calculated as the pre-cooled quantity at origin divided by the quantity dispatched from origin. Average stock in the cold store is the average daily weight of goods stored, calculated as the sum of the daily stock divided by the total number of days counted.

Number of pallet positions in the cold store is the total number of positions available for storage. Number of SKU in the cold store is the number of stock keeping units of the goods stored. Cold store throughput is the total quantity of goods entering and leaving the store within a given time. Average number of days in store is the average number of days the stored goods stay in the cold store.

Cold chain distribution processing volume is the weight of cold chain goods that, at the customer's request and on their way from place of production to place of consumption, undergo packing, cutting, weighing, sorting, marking, labelling, assembly and similar operations carried out by the enterprise. Number of cold chain orders is the number of orders placed by customers in the order management system of the cold chain logistics service provider. Cold chain delivery volume is the weight of cold chain goods that, at the customer's request, are made ready, picked, processed, packed, cut, assembled and delivered on time to the appointed place.

Cold chain logistics loss rate is the ratio of the weight of goods lost through accidents, knocks and other logistics operations in the cold chain to the total weight handled in the cold chain.

The six revenue indicators are the business revenue that the enterprise obtains from cold chain transport, from goods warehousing (including supervision business), from loading, unloading and handling, from distribution processing, from delivery, and from information and related services, the last including revenue from processing information for outside parties or providing information consultancy.

The five average freight rate indicators are, for road, rail, water, air and multimodal cold chain transport respectively, the ratio between the transport cost paid for the transport business performed and the corresponding freight turnover; the average rate is the transport cost divided by the freight turnover.

Fuel consumption is the weight of fuel consumed by the enterprise in carrying out its cold chain business, and electricity consumption is the quantity of electricity so consumed.

The note to Table A.1 states that, where the description does not fix a period, the figures are those of the statistical reporting period. Footnote a gives the working temperature range of a refrigerated store as 0 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius. Footnote b gives the working temperature range of a freezer store as below 0 degrees Celsius. Footnote c states that pallets include standard and non-standard pallets, a standard pallet being a flat pallet conforming to GB/T 2934 with dimensions of 1 200 mm by 1 000 mm or 1 100 mm by 1 100 mm. Footnote d states that one litre of petrol weighs about 0.75 kg and one litre of diesel about 0.85 kg, and gives coefficients of 1.4714 for petrol and 1.4571 for diesel for converting fuel consumption into standard coal. Footnote e gives a coefficient of 0.1229 for converting electricity consumption in kilowatt-hours into standard coal.

A.2 Annex A (normative) - Description of the second-level statistical indicators of enterprise cold chain logistics

The description of the second-level statistical indicators of enterprise cold chain logistics is given in Table A.2.

Volume and floor area of owned cold stores are the volume and the floor area of the refrigerated stores and freezer stores owned by the enterprise that are cooled by mechanical refrigeration and have an insulating function. Volume and floor area of rented cold stores are the same quantities for refrigerated stores and freezer stores rented from outside the enterprise.

Number of refrigerated vehicles is the number of road and rail refrigerated vehicles owned by the enterprise, including mechanically refrigerated vehicles and freight vehicles that are insulated and cooled by other means. Number of refrigerated ships is the number of vessels used by the enterprise for refrigerated carriage by water.

Number of refrigerated containers and number of insulated containers are the numbers of such containers used by the enterprise for cold chain transport. Number of refrigerated boxes is the number of boxes used for cold chain transport that are cooled by a motor-driven compressor with natural or forced air convection inside and that hold cold chain goods. Number of insulated boxes is the number of insulated boxes that the enterprise can use repeatedly and in circulation in the delivery stage. Number of pallets is the number of pallets used by the enterprise for cold chain transport.

Self-operated cold chain freight volume is the weight of goods of all kinds carried by the enterprise itself; outsourced cold chain freight volume is the weight carried by a third-party cold chain logistics service provider.

Outsourced cold chain logistics cost is what the enterprise pays when, in the course of buying and selling goods, it contracts its cold chain business out to a specialist third-party cold chain logistics company. Self-operated cold chain logistics cost is what the enterprise pays, in the course of buying and selling goods, to carry out cold chain transport, warehousing, distribution processing, delivery, information and related services with its own facilities and equipment, and it also includes goods loss, insurance, interest and similar costs.

Value of cold chain goods purchased is the value, value added tax included, of goods bought from units and individuals outside the enterprise, including direct imports, for resale or for resale after processing. Value of cold chain goods sold is the value, value added tax included, of goods sold to units and individuals outside the enterprise, including goods sold for consumption by the unit itself. The inventory balances at the beginning and at the end of the year are taken from the opening and closing inventory figures in the enterprise balance sheet.

The note to Table A.2 states that, where the description does not fix a period, the figures are those of the statistical reporting period. The footnotes repeat the temperature ranges of the refrigerated store, 0 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius, and of the freezer store, below 0 degrees Celsius, and the definition of a standard pallet under GB/T 2934 with dimensions of 1 200 mm by 1 000 mm or 1 100 mm by 1 100 mm.