GB/T 45347-2025Information technology - Rules for the classification and identifiers of cyberspace resources (English PDF)

1 Scope

This document specifies the classification of cyberspace resources and the representation of their category identifier codes.

This document applies to the uniform classification and marking of the surveyed entity elements of multi-source surveying and mapping platforms.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable provisions of this document through normative reference in the text. For dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest edition, including all amendments, applies to this document.

GB/T 26231-2017 Information technology — Open systems interconnection — National numbering system and operating procedure for object identifiers (OID).

3 Terms and definitions

Cyberspace: the interconnected digital environment made up of networks, services, systems, people, processes, organizations and the things that reside in or pass through the digital environment. Note: it rests mainly on information and communication technology infrastructure carriers such as the internet, telecommunication networks and various control systems and equipment. [Source: ISO/IEC TS 27100:2020, 3.5, modified]

Cyberspace resource: a target within cyberspace that can be detected and perceived by means of network measurement. Example: infrastructure, application services, data resources and the like.

Cyberspace surveying and mapping: the activity of obtaining the position of cyberspace resources and their attribute information by means of network measurement, on the basis of a cyberspace coordinate system, with a cyberspace map as the objective and under a unified cyberspace spatio-temporal datum and resource definition, so as to achieve a multi-scale and multi-dimensional panoramic presentation of cyberspace.

Class: a set of individuals possessing certain necessary conditions.

Methods of linear classification: a method by which the objects of classification are divided successively into a number of levels according to selected attributes or characteristics, each level being further divided into a number of categories. Note: categories at the same level on the same branch stand in a coordinate relation to one another, while categories at different levels stand in a subordinate relation.

4 Abbreviated terms

The following abbreviated terms apply to this document. CDN, content delivery network. GUI, graphical user interface. HTML, hypertext markup language. JSON, JavaScript object notation. OID, object identifier. P2P, peer-to-peer. VPN, virtual private network. XML, extensible markup language.

5.1 Classification of cyberspace resources — General

Cyberspace resources shall be divided, following the linear classification method, into five levels: division, subdivision, major class, medium class and minor class, as shown in Table 1. These comprise 4 divisions, 13 subdivisions, 29 major classes and 97 medium classes; the minor classes are supplemented and extended by each application field according to need. The divisions, subdivisions, major classes, medium classes and minor classes are defined in 5.2 to 5.6.

Table 1 sets out the classification framework, listing for each division the subdivisions it contains, for each subdivision its major classes, for each major class its medium classes, and leaving the minor class column reserved throughout.

5.2 Divisions

Cyberspace resources comprise four divisions.

Cyberspace infrastructure: as the foundation and support of cyberspace, cyberspace infrastructure provides other resources with guarantees in equipment and technology and does not face the user directly. It mainly has the following characteristics: it acts as the underlying structure that carries cyberspace; and it has definite physical features and forms of organization.

Cyberspace application services: cyberspace application services are the various applications and services provided on the basis of the relevant technologies, including the provision of data storage, manipulation, presentation, communication or other capabilities, these capabilities generally using application layer network protocols. They mainly have the following characteristics: they are applications and services built within cyberspace and need network infrastructure as their foundation; and they run specific network protocols as their support.

Cyberspace data resources: cyberspace data resources are the collections of resources held within cyberspace that satisfy people's need for data; these data resources generally attach to cyberspace application services. They mainly have the following characteristics: they are stored within cyberspace application services and need cyberspace application services as their carrier; and they face the network user.

Cyberspace virtual subjects: cyberspace virtual subjects are the account behaviours held on the internet that have the characteristic of network virtuality; these behaviours need cyberspace application services and data resources in order to be realized. They mainly have the following characteristics: they are realized by relying on cyberspace application services and data resources; and they are the form in which a physical subject exists within cyberspace.

5.3 Subdivisions

The cyberspace infrastructure division contains the following five subdivisions. Autonomous domain: locates cyberspace resources from the point of view of the institution, organization or operator. Network: locates cyberspace resources from the point of view of the topological structure. Intermediate node: acts as intermediate forwarding equipment and as near-end signal conversion equipment, and is responsible for packet forwarding or for signal modulation and demodulation. Terminal node: acts as the starting point from which packets are sent or the end point at which packets are received. Link: reflects the connection state between the several nodes and is the material medium of network information transmission.

The cyberspace application services division contains the following two subdivisions. Unit service: provides a service of a unitary kind. Integrated service: provides a service by the organic combination of several unitary services.

The cyberspace data resources division contains the following five subdivisions. Code: a computer file whose content can be interpreted by a computer as a program. Text resource: faces the user and is generally presented in the form of writing. Image resource: faces the user, is generally presented in the form of a picture, and is a reproduction by a person of visual perception. Audio resource: faces the user, is a resource form that encodes, records, stores and reproduces sound from an audio signal, and is a reproduction by a person of auditory perception. Video resource: faces the user, is a combination of continuously changing pictures and audio, and exists in the form of streaming media.

The cyberspace virtual subjects division contains the following one subdivision. Network account: this subdivision applies to the means of identity authentication within cyberspace and presents the characteristics of a cyberspace virtual subject.

5.4 Major classes

For the subdivisions under the cyberspace infrastructure division, the major classes are formed according to the level at which the network infrastructure sits in the network architecture and the role it plays. The autonomous domain subdivision carries its subdivision classification forward without further division and contains one major class: autonomous domain. The network subdivision is divided into major classes according to whether it faces only, or mainly, the application layer, and contains two major classes: physical network and overlay network. The intermediate node subdivision is divided into major classes according to the function the node performs in the network architecture, and contains three major classes: routing node, switching node and control node. The terminal node subdivision is divided into major classes according to the function the terminal performs in actual production and daily life, and contains three major classes: client, server side and hybrid node. The link subdivision is divided into major classes according to the transmission medium used by the network, and contains two major classes: wired link and wireless link.

For the subdivisions under the cyberspace application services division, the major classes are formed according to differences in network characteristics. The unit service subdivision is divided into major classes according to the type of port used by the application program and the closeness with which the application program is bound to the port, and contains three major classes. Well-known port services: the port range used by this major class is 0 to 1023, and the binding between the ports of this major class and the application program is close. Registered port services: the port range used by this major class is 1024 to 49151, and the binding between the ports of this major class and the application program is looser. Dynamic or private port services: the port range used by this major class is 49152 to 65535, the binding between the ports of this major class and the application program is the loosest, and these are dynamic ports used for temporary communication. The integrated service subdivision is divided into major classes according to differences in network characteristics and contains five major classes: P2P service, CDN service, VPN service, cloud service and other integrated services.

For the subdivisions under the cyberspace data resources division, the major classes are formed according to whether the data resource needs to be compiled, according to the way the data resource is stored and structured, and according to the function the data resource performs. The code subdivision is divided into major classes according to whether the code needs to be compiled by the corresponding compiler during execution, and contains two major classes. Binary software code: the code in this major class must be compiled by the corresponding compiler to generate an executable file before it can perform its intended function. Script: the code in this major class, also called a macro or batch file, is code written in an interpreted programming language and needs no compilation to execute. The text resource subdivision is divided into major classes according to the form in which the text is stored and whether the text can be represented by uniform data or format, and contains three major classes. Structured text: the text in this major class can be represented by a uniform data set or structure. Semi-structured text: in this major class the structure and the content of the text data are mixed together with no clear separation, and it is a text structure lying between structured and unstructured text. Unstructured text: in this major class the structure of the text data is irregular or incomplete, there is no predefined data model, and it is not convenient to represent it by the two-dimensional logic of a database. The image resource subdivision carries its subdivision classification forward and contains one major class: image resource. The audio resource subdivision carries its subdivision classification forward and contains one major class: audio resource. The video resource subdivision carries its subdivision classification forward and contains one major class: video resource.

For the subdivisions under the cyberspace virtual subjects division, the major classes are formed according to the type of account holder. The network account subdivision is divided into major classes according to the type of account holder and contains two major classes: personal account and institutional account.

5.5 Medium classes

For the major classes under the cyberspace infrastructure division, the medium classes are formed from the standpoint from which the several fields at present produce, apply and manage network infrastructure. The autonomous domain major class is divided into medium classes according to the number of bits in the autonomous system number held by the autonomous domain, and contains two medium classes: type A autonomous domain, whose autonomous system number is a 16-bit binary number, and type B autonomous domain, whose autonomous system number is a 32-bit binary number. The physical network major class is divided into medium classes according to the level the network occupies in the whole network architecture, the area in which it is deployed and the production or living task it carries, and contains six medium classes: backbone network, access network, premises network, internet of things, industrial network and other physical networks. The overlay network major class is divided into medium classes according to the application scenario of the network, and contains four medium classes: content delivery network, peer-to-peer network, virtual private network and other overlay networks. The routing node major class is divided into medium classes according to the working level of the routing, and contains two medium classes: inter-domain routing and intra-domain routing. The switching node major class is divided into medium classes according to the network segment in which the node sits, and contains seven medium classes: hub, base station, bridge, switch, gateway, wireless access node and other switching nodes. The control node major class is divided into medium classes according to the object the node controls, and contains three medium classes: wireless access controller, base station controller and other control nodes. The client major class is divided into medium classes according to the type of physical device of the node, and contains five medium classes: microcomputer, mobile device, sensor device, industrial device and other clients. The server side major class carries the division of that major class forward without further division and contains one medium class: server. The hybrid node major class carries the division of that major class forward without further division and contains one medium class: hybrid node. The wired link major class is divided into medium classes according to the material of the transmission medium and the way it is wound, and contains four medium classes: twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fibre and other wired links. The wireless link major class is divided into medium classes according to the frequency band used by the transmission medium and the scenario in which it is used in production and daily life, and contains four medium classes: wireless local link, mobile communication link, satellite communication link and other wireless links.

For the major classes under the cyberspace application services division, the medium classes are formed according to differences in the kind of service provided. The well-known port services major class is divided into medium classes according to the kind of service provided, and contains four medium classes: file transfer service, mail service, remote login service and other well-known port services. The registered port services major class is divided into medium classes according to the kind of service provided, and contains four medium classes: network application proxy service, database service, industrial control service and other registered port services. The dynamic or private port services major class is divided into medium classes according to the kind of service provided, and contains four medium classes: audio and video service, security service, customized application and other dynamic or private port services. The P2P service, CDN service, VPN service, cloud service and other integrated services major classes each carry the division of that major class forward when divided into medium classes according to the kind of service provided, and each contains one medium class of the same name.

For the major classes under the cyberspace data resources division, the medium classes are formed according to the application scenario of the data and the function the data performs. The binary software code major class is divided into medium classes according to the function the code provides once executed and according to user need, and contains eight medium classes: system tool, network tool, programming and development, network application, business and office, multimedia, security software and other binary software code. The script major class is divided into medium classes according to the setting in which the code acts, and contains eight medium classes: engineering control languages and shell, GUI script, application customization script, web programming script, text processing language, general dynamic language processing, extension or embeddable language and other scripts. The structured text major class is divided into medium classes according to the application scenario of the data, and contains four medium classes: database text, metadata text, log text and other structured text. The semi-structured text major class is divided into medium classes according to the different ways the data is stored, and contains four medium classes: XML, JSON, HTML and other semi-structured text. The unstructured text major class is divided into medium classes according to the kind of information the text records, and contains four medium classes: communication text, document text, report text and other unstructured text. The image resource, audio resource and video resource major classes each carry the division of that major class forward without further division and each contains one medium class of the same name.

For the medium classes under the cyberspace virtual subjects division, the medium classes are formed according to the different functions the account provides in real life. The personal account major class is divided into medium classes according to the user's operating needs within cyberspace, and contains six medium classes: search and query account, audio and video account, chat and social account, shopping account, gaming account and other personal accounts. The institutional account major class is divided into medium classes according to the user's working needs in daily work, and contains four medium classes: mailbox account, communication account, server account and other institutional accounts.

5.6 Minor classes

The minor classes of cyberspace resources are subdivided by each application field on its own according to the following rules: the connotation of a minor class shall lie within the scope of its medium class; and when minor classes are formed, the standpoint shall be kept consistent, that is, the same classification shall keep to the same standpoint.

6.1 Category identifier codes of cyberspace resources — Code structure

The coding rules for objects in the cyberspace resource domain shall conform to the relevant provisions of GB/T 26231-2017, adopting the OID identification system, which has a hierarchical structure. The node code of the cyberspace resource domain is allocated uniformly by the national OID registration authority, and its numeric value is 1.2.156.20029.

The structure of the resource category identifier is a tree, with the levels separated by a full stop. From the root of the tree to the leaf, the levels correspond in order to the node code of the cyberspace resource domain, the division, the subdivision, the major class, the medium class and the minor class. The identifier of any resource is expressed as a character string formed by combining, in order, the nodes on the path from the root of the tree to that resource node.

The structure of the cyberspace resource category code is given in Figure 1. X1 denotes the division, X2 the subdivision, X3 the major class, X4 the medium class and X5 the minor class; X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are all fields expressed in Arabic numerals.

6.2 Category code table

The category codes of cyberspace resources are given in Table 2. The table lists, for every division, subdivision, major class and medium class of the classification, the code assigned to it, and gives the minor class column in the form of the medium class code followed by X5.

Example: the cyberspace infrastructure division has the code 1; the autonomous domain subdivision beneath it has the code 1.1; the autonomous domain major class beneath that has the code 1.1.1; and the medium class type A autonomous domain, whose autonomous system number is a 16-bit binary number, has the code 1.1.1.1.

Because the minor classes are left to each application field to supplement and extend as needed, Table 2 does not specify particular minor class codes.

6.3 Rules of use

The classification and category identifiers of cyberspace resources may be used in such settings as the building of resource graphs and the organizing of cyberspace surveying and mapping data in support of data sharing. The requirements for their use are as follows.

When a cyberspace resource graph is being built, a unified data system and coding system shall be organized and established in accordance with the classification and the rules for the compilation of category identifiers specified in this document, and the corresponding catalogue shall be organized in accordance with the resource classification and category identifier compilation system.

When resources are integrated, shared and stored between multi-source cyberspace surveying and mapping platforms, the resources taking part in the integration shall be organized uniformly in accordance with the classification and the rules for the compilation of category identifiers specified in this document, including the reorganization of the mass of cyberspace resources in accordance with Table 2.