GB/T 45255-2025Specifications for comprehensive evaluation of public credit (English PDF)

1 Scope

This document establishes the general principles of comprehensive public credit evaluation, sets out requirements for the content of the evaluation, for the method of expressing the evaluation grades and their meaning, for the evaluation cycle, for the validation of the evaluation and for the application of the evaluation, and describes the corresponding evaluation methods.

It applies to comprehensive public credit evaluation carried out on enterprise legal persons registered within the People's Republic of China. Credit subjects of other types may use it for reference when a comprehensive public credit evaluation is carried out on them.

2 Normative references

The content of the following documents constitutes indispensable provisions of this document through normative reference in the text. For dated references, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version, including all amendments, applies.

GB/T 22116 Method for expressing enterprise credit ratings; GB/T 22117 Credit - Basic terminology.

3 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions given in GB/T 22117 and the following apply to this document.

3.1 public credit information: credit information on subjects of every kind that arises in the course of the performance of their duties by departments that exercise public functions in accordance with the law.

Note to 3.1: Departments that exercise public functions in accordance with the law include administrative organs, judicial organs, and the enterprises, public institutions and social organisations that exercise public administration or public service functions in accordance with the law. Credit information on subjects of every kind includes the credit information of every kind, lawfully and compliantly collected and used, that is listed in the National Basic Catalogue of Public Credit Information. [SOURCE: GB/T 22117-2018, 2.24, modified]

3.2 comprehensive evaluation of public credit: evaluation of the overall public credit condition of the subject under evaluation, carried out on the basis of the several classes of credit information relating to an enterprise legal person that have been collected in accordance with laws and regulations, taking public credit information as the principal basis, drawing together the other classes of credit information, applying sound calculation models and evaluation indicators and statistical methods, and expressed or presented in a suitable form such as a division into grades or a quantified measure.

Note to 3.2: Other classes of credit information means the data and materials reflecting the credit condition of a credit subject that are produced or obtained by credit service agencies, trade associations and chambers of commerce and other legal-person and non-legal-person organisations in the course of operation, service or industry self-regulation, together with the data and materials relating to its own credit condition that the credit subject supplies of its own accord.

4 General principles

4.1 Public-interest character. Comprehensive public credit evaluation is a public-interest evaluation; no fee for the evaluation or for enquiries about it is charged to the subject under evaluation.

4.2 Inclusiveness. Public credit information is the principal basis of the evaluation, and every class of credit information relating to the subject under evaluation that has been lawfully and compliantly collected and used may be brought within the scope of the comprehensive public credit evaluation, so that the credit condition of the subject is reflected in full.

4.3 Soundness. The comprehensive public credit evaluation arrives at its assessment of the overall public credit condition of the subject through study and practice covering the several classes of credit information about that subject, and its content accords with the facts and with scientific principles.

4.4 Objectivity. The comprehensive public credit evaluation uses objective records of credit information and forms its result through a quantified model and objective scoring criteria, with no subjective judgement.

5 Content of the evaluation

5.1 Judicial sanctions. This reflects the subject's observance of the law. The evaluation is made according to whether the subject has been placed by a court on the list of dishonest judgment debtors or on the list of judgment debtors, and similar circumstances.

5.2 Administrative record. This reflects the subject's observance of administrative laws and regulations. The evaluation is made according to the administrative penalties, administrative enforcement measures and administrative rewards received by the subject, and the administrative supervision and inspection carried out on it.

5.3 Performance of contracts and commitments. This reflects how the subject performs contracts, agreements and undertakings and keeps its credit commitments. The evaluation is made according to the subject's record of such performance.

5.4 Business operation and management. This reflects the subject's operating condition and the level of its management capability. The evaluation is made according to the scale and the duration of its operations, its ability to expand its business, the stability of its operations, and matters such as corporate governance and credit management.

5.5 Development and innovation. This reflects the subject's capacity to innovate and its potential for development. The evaluation is made according to the qualifications, licences and intellectual property rights it has obtained.

5.6 Incentives for trustworthiness. This reflects the rewards and commendations the subject has received. The evaluation is made according to the honours, commendations and incentives granted or recognised by government and other relevant departments.

5.7 Penalties for breach of trust. This reflects the disciplinary measures imposed on the subject for breach of trust. The evaluation is made according to whether the subject has been placed by the supervisory department of its sector on a list of subjects in serious breach of trust, and similar circumstances.

5.8 Public oversight. This reflects the subject's standing with the public. The evaluation is made according to information from public supervision and reports and from public opinion; such information has to be verified and determined by the relevant department, with a definite finding.

The comprehensive public credit evaluation indicators based on the above content shall conform to Annex A.

6 Method of expressing the evaluation grades and their meaning

6.1 Method of expressing the grades. The credit grade of the subject under evaluation is expressed in accordance with GB/T 22116: from the highest degree of credit to the lowest there are four classes, A, B, C and D, and each class may be further divided into grades distinguished by the signs plus and minus. Within the same class, plus indicates a higher degree of credit and minus a lower degree.

6.2 Meaning of the grades. Class A indicates that the overall public credit level of the subject in the evaluation period is high, that no negative public credit record, or only a small number of minor ones, has been found in the period, and that its credit condition in other respects is good. Class B indicates that the overall public credit level in the period is fairly high, that no record of a fairly serious act of breach of trust has been found and that negative credit records of all kinds are few, and that its credit condition in other respects is sound. Class C indicates that the overall public credit level in the period is poor, and that there are records of fairly serious acts of breach of trust or a fairly large number of negative credit records. Class D indicates that the overall public credit level in the period is bad and that the subject has been placed on a list of subjects in serious breach of trust. The subdivided grades and their meaning are given in Annex B.

7 Evaluation cycle

A period of validity is set for the comprehensive public credit evaluation, and the evaluation is dynamically updated at regular intervals.

8 Evaluation method

8.1 Model design. The comprehensive public credit evaluation uses a hybrid credit scorecard model that combines quantified indicator scoring with overall grading. Quantified indicator scoring means arriving at a final overall score from the score of each indicator and the calculation model. Overall grading means determining the comprehensive public credit evaluation grade from the final overall score. The model is built from the attribute and behaviour data of the subject under evaluation through the stages of variable construction, indicator weighting and score calculation.

8.2 Construction of variables. According to the characteristics of the evaluation data, techniques such as feature classification, clustering methods and statistical analysis are used to analyse the data and to construct sound model variables; the variables are then brought to a uniform dimension and standardised, discretised and binned, and given thresholds.

8.3 Weighting of indicators. On the basis of the settled evaluation model and indicators and of the statistics and analysis of the data, the evaluation indicators are weighted by methods that combine independent weights with correlated weights, and the indicator parameters are optimised through training and testing on data samples.

8.4 Calculation of the score. The calculation is carried out according to the credit scorecard model and the indicator weight parameters, the score is output, and it is converted into the corresponding credit evaluation grade.

9 Validation of the evaluation

9.1 Model assessment. Evaluation test results are generated on sample data, and the performance of the model is checked for validity, discriminating power and stability. The indicators and the results are analysed and checked by methods such as correlation analysis of key indicators, contribution analysis, analysis of differences between groups, and statistics and analysis of the transition matrix between successive results. If the checks show that the model identifies risk well, the evaluation model is put into use.

9.2 Model correction. If the checks show that the model does not perform as wanted, it is optimised and corrected: the design of the quantified criteria, the model parameters and the calculation method are adjusted in the light of the statistical results, and the evaluation model is iterated and optimised until it performs as wanted.

10 Application of the evaluation

10.1 Overview of application. The comprehensive public credit evaluation is applied as a basic profile marking the overall credit level of an enterprise. Departments and localities may apply the result of the comprehensive public credit evaluation directly, or may, on the basis of its indicators or its result and taking account of sector and regional characteristics, their information base and their application needs, superimpose and combine them into more detailed and more concrete sector and regional public credit evaluation models with more accurately differentiated results, so as to provide reference and support for graded and classified credit-based supervision and for a wider range of service applications.

10.2 Basic application. The comprehensive public credit evaluation is a general credit evaluation carried out on enterprise legal persons registered in the country, used to reflect the basic situation and the overall performance of the subject in observing the law, operating in compliance, keeping contracts and commitments and developing and running its business. It uses the credit information gathered and shared by departments and localities in accordance with the law to arrive at a basic grading of the overall public credit level of the subject, and can support graded and classified credit-based supervision by departments and localities. It may serve as a foundational assessment of the overall public credit level of the subject, on which departments and localities may, in the light of their own functions, design more targeted credit evaluations for sector, local or combined application.

10.3 Sector application. On the basis of the comprehensive public credit evaluation indicators, and taking account of the attributes of a sector or the characteristics of a specialised field, the state of credit information gathering in that sector and the needs of supervisory and service applications, more finely divided and more accurate credit evaluation models suited to the sector may be superimposed. These include sector public credit evaluations aimed mainly at supervisory applications, in which public credit information is the principal content of the evaluation and public credit plays the leading part, and other sector credit evaluations aimed at market-based and other varied applications.

10.4 Local application. The unit leading the building of the social credit system in a locality may, taking account of regional characteristics, the state of local credit information gathering and local needs for supervisory and service applications, design region-specific indicators and superimpose them on the comprehensive public credit evaluation indicators to form regional public credit evaluation indicators suited to credit supervision or credit services within its jurisdiction.

10.5 Integrated application. Between the public credit evaluations of departments and localities and the comprehensive public credit evaluation, a mapping model may be built by reference to the grades and their meaning (see Annex B), or a combined evaluation model may be built that suits several sectors and integrated regional cooperation, so as to provide reference and support for cross-sector and cross-region credit supervision and service applications.