GB/T 44101-2024Evaluation specification for student's athletic ability of Chinese wrestling course (English PDF)

3 Terms and definitions

3.1 Student's athletic ability of Chinese wrestling course is defined as the combined performance shown by a student in completing a particular task with the motor skills built up in the learning, practice and competition of the course, such as grip taking and attacking and defending throws.

3.2 Wrestling jiaoban is defined as the general name for all the techniques that throw an opponent down.

3.3 Wrestling stance is defined as the standing ready position each side holds in a Chinese wrestling bout.

3.4 Hand position is defined as the particular part of the opponent's jacket or body that is gripped in training and in competition.

3.5 Hand techniques are defined as the ways of gripping the opponent's jacket or body and of restricting the opponent.

3.6 Move pace is defined as the way body balance is kept by changing the footwork.

3.7 Quick wrestling is defined as a training method in which two people work together to throw each other down quickly so as to raise their skill.

3.8 Shadow boxing is defined as the method of training the basic skills and the basic techniques without a partner.

4 Level division and qualifying requirements

4.1 Athletic ability in the Chinese wrestling course is divided into six levels, level one through level six, ability rising from level one to level six.

4.2.1 Level one is assessed on the content of Table 1: two single movements, the backward fall and the leg circling kick, and one throwing technique, the leg hook into the single leg hold. For the backward fall the observation points are the regularity of the movement, which calls for a squat, the head down with the chin drawn in and both palms striking the mat downwards at the same time to soften the shock of landing; the squat and head angle, with the knee bent to 90 degrees, the head down, the chin close to the collarbone and the upper and lower limbs working together; the state of the forearms and palms, which strike the mat together with the fingers held closed and enough force to cushion; and not more than one failure, the movement being done three times. For the leg circling kick the points are the regularity of the movement, the feet apart a little wider than the shoulders, the knees slightly bent, the hands hanging naturally and the left foot swinging up past the right knee to waist and hip height in the manner of kicking a shuttlecock; the knee angle, both knees slightly bent; the height reached past the knee, the sole of the circling leg turned upwards and passing the knee to waist and hip height; and not more than one failure, again three repetitions. For the throwing technique the points are the regularity of the movement, the leg hook calling for a fast step in, coordinated movement and a strong downward push with the upper hand and the single leg hold for a fast step in, a prompt following step and a strong upward pull with both hands; the direction of force, behind the opponent for the leg hook and to the side of the opponent for the single leg hold; the point at which the force meets the opponent's body, which is to be accurate; and a number of repetitions within 10 s of not less than two for boys and not less than two for girls. Every observation point of the level has to meet the requirement of the table, and every assessor has to judge it a pass.

4.2.2 Level two is assessed on the content of Table 2: the forward shoulder roll fall to the side and the twisting stance as single movements, and the neck cut into the charging double leg hold as the throwing technique. The roll calls for one hand stretched out to the mat, the arm bending and the head dropping at the same time, the body tucked and turned to the side, contact taken in turn on the side of the shoulder and the back through a full forward roll and a quick rise; the points are the roll and the tuck, which are to flow smoothly and continuously, the head tuck and the slap, which is to be strong enough to protect the body through a tucked, head-down roll, and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The twisting stance calls for the feet parallel and a little wider than the shoulders, the knees slightly bent, the hands half closed in front of the body, the body turning to the left on the balls of the feet with the left leg bent and the right leg straight, both hands drawing back past the lower abdomen to the small of the back; the points are the turn on the balls of the feet, the heels turning through 90 degrees, one leg bent and the other straight with the weight shifting smoothly from side to side, and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The throwing technique calls for a fast rear leg step in on the neck cut, a fast front leg sweeping step landing accurately, a tight bottom hand, a cutting upper hand and a full bend and turn of the waist, and, for the charging double leg hold, a front leg step in and a fast rear leg follow after the hands are controlled, the body bent to hold both legs while pulling the hands and driving forward with the body straightened; force is directed behind the opponent in both, the point of contact is to be accurate with a clear effect, and the number of repetitions within 10 s is not less than two for boys and not less than two for girls. Every observation point has to be met and every assessor has to judge it a pass.

4.2.3 Level three is assessed on the content of Table 3: grip taking and the step-in with back step as single movements, and the leg scoop into the armpit lift as the throwing technique. Grip taking calls for hands, footwork and body work together to seize the jacket grips that suit one's own attack and defence, the bottom hand taking the small sleeve or the side panel and the upper hand the side panel, the front panel, the lapel or the belt; the points are the soundness of the hand technique, with fast gripping and correct placing of the bottom and upper hands, the fit between hands, footwork and body work, and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The step-in with back step calls for the front foot of the stance to lead with an accurate landing point and the rear foot to follow as the back step, quickly, the weight leaning slightly forward and shifting smoothly; the points are the stepping foot, quick and accurately placed with the weight moving smoothly, the back stepping foot, quick, accurately and promptly placed and in step with the body work, and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The throwing technique calls for the front leg to step in and block behind the opponent's thigh with the upper hand pulling down and the bottom hand hooking the thigh and pulling up, and, for the armpit lift, the front leg blocking the thigh, the bottom hand pulling down and the upper hand pushing back under the armpit; force is directed to the rear and side of the opponent, the point of contact is to be accurate with a good throwing effect, and the number of repetitions within 10 s is not less than three for boys and not less than two for girls.

4.2.4 Level four is assessed on the content of Table 4: the leg withdrawal and the hop step as single movements, the belt twist into the kneeling leg as the throwing technique, and a bout. The leg withdrawal is done in four counts, step in, back step, withdraw the leg and turn the foot, from a horse stance with the feet parallel: the right foot steps forward to the left of the left foot, the left foot back steps behind the right into a crossed squat, the body turns through 180 degrees and the right leg is drawn out over the left thigh back to its place. The points are the height reached by the circling foot, which is to reach belt height with the withdrawn leg passing above the knee, the freedom with which the supporting leg turns on the ball of the foot, and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The hop step calls for both feet to leave the ground briefly and move quickly to a position so as to save time, the body just clearing the ground, the balls of the feet taking the weight, the centre of gravity moving level and the landing point accurate; the points are the height of the hop, which is to be low, under 3 cm, with the movement free and the shift quick, the time in the air, which is to be short, under 1 s, and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The throwing technique asks for standard, regular movement with smooth application of force and an accurate direction of force in the belt twist, and for regular movement with an accurate angle of application, foot placing and point of force in the kneeling leg; force is directed in front of the opponent for the belt twist and behind for the kneeling leg, the point of contact is to be accurate with a good throwing effect, and the number of repetitions within 10 s is not less than three for boys and not less than two for girls. The bout is judged on three points: the coordination of hand, body and foot work, which is to be basically coordinated in a contest, with regular releasing technique, techniques applied together with the hand work and force applied in the right direction; the soundness of technical and tactical use, breaking the opponent's balance, judging the moment and attacking willingly; and the willingness to attack, with sound tactics, little passivity, passivity being defined as 15 s in a row without an attacking or defending movement, and a readiness to apply techniques on one's own initiative. The bout lasts not more than 2 min.

4.2.5 Level five is assessed on the content of Table 5: the long waist and the four-step spring as single movements, the twist joined to the kneeling leg as a linked throwing technique, and a bout. The long waist calls for the feet apart wider than the shoulders, the knees slightly bent, the hands half closed and hanging in front of the body, the body turning 90 degrees to the left on the drive of the feet and the hips, the left leg bending and the right straightening, the crown of the head close to the ground, the hips closed as the body turns, the right hand pressing past the lower abdomen and turning over to push out to the left front while the left hand draws back to the side of the waist, the head tucked and the face turned, the eyes looking at the heel, the head close to the ground and to the leg, the swing of the arm driving the turn and the heels turning on the balls of the feet. The points are the depth of the bend, with the head close to the thigh; the angle through which the heel turns on the ball of the foot, the trunk close to the thigh, the body stable and the heel of the bent leg turning inwards through more than 90 degrees; and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The four-step spring calls for a half horse stance, a step forward to the right front with the left foot, the left hand pushing forward, the right foot back stepping, the left hand drawing back to the side of the waist, the right hand pushing forward, both legs in a crossed squat, the right hand circling over the head and pulling down and the left hand following it down to the crotch, with the waist bent and the head down and a springing, dragging step. The points are how tightly the legs fold in the crossed squat and how deep the bend is, the thigh and lower leg of the back step folding tightly with smooth application of force and a deep bend; the continuity and coordination of the movement, the head tuck, the bend, the turn of the face and the springing drag being done together with the upper and lower limbs coordinated; and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The linked throwing technique calls for the twist joined to the kneeling leg to be applied by pulling first and pushing after, so that the pull is concentrated and the opponent's own force is borrowed, with an accurate direction of force, angle of application, foot placing and fulcrum, and a regular, continuous movement; force is directed in front of the opponent on the twist and behind on the kneeling leg, with a forward and backward drive, the points of contact on the opponent's trunk, thigh and lower leg are to be accurate, and the number of repetitions within 10 s is not less than three for boys and not less than two for girls. The bout is judged on the same three points as at level four but at a higher standard, the coordination being comparatively good, the releasing technique good, techniques basically sound in combination with the hand work and the force of the throw accurately placed, the student able to seize the moment, with a high rate of use and a high rate of success, and able to apply techniques on his or her own initiative and quickly. The bout lasts not more than 4 min.

4.2.6 Level six is assessed on the content of Table 6: the release and the hook as single movements, and a bout. The release covers the case where the opponent takes a grip first and the attacker uses hands, body and footwork together to break the grip that has been taken, lengthening the distance from the opponent, the main techniques being the poke, the tear, the strike, the push and the arm prise. The points are the soundness of the releasing technique, with regular movement and a sound, continuous escape; the coordination of the four limbs and the direction of force, with the limbs coordinated, the movement quick and the direction of the escaping force accurate; and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The hook, taking the right stance as the example, calls for the attacker to back step with the left foot, turn to the left, bend the waist, and swing the straightened right leg with the instep upwards into the air, while the bottom hand pulls down to the left and the upper hand pulls up strongly, the head tucking, the waist bending and the face turning; the movement is to flow, the turn and leg hook are to be quick, the upper body is to be close to the side of the supporting leg when the waist bends, and the toe of the hooking leg is to rise more than 20 cm above the waist. The points are how closely the upper body meets the side of the supporting leg, the shadow practice of the hook calling for regular movement with the waist bent and the upper body close to the outside of the supporting leg; the height of the hooking leg, which is to be more than 20 cm above the level of the student's own waist; and not more than one failure over three repetitions. The bout is judged on the same three points at the highest standard, the coordination of hand, body and foot work good, the releasing technique good, techniques soundly combined with the hand work and the force of the throw accurately directed, the student able to break the opponent's balance and to concentrate the pull and borrow the opponent's force, able to seize the moment, with a high rate of success and the ability to work back and forth, and able to apply techniques on his or her own initiative, quickly and continuously so as to throw the opponent. The bout in real combat lasts not more than 6 min. Every observation point has to be met and every assessor has to judge it a pass.

5 Athletic ability assessment

5.1 The site is one wrestling mat with a side of 14 m by 14 m and a thickness of 6 cm to 8 cm, as Figure 1 shows; the equipment is 12 wrestling jackets, a number of test forms, 2 whistles and 2 stopwatches. The figure marks the starting line of the bout, the position of the person assessed, the positions of the three assessors and the position of the referee, in metres.

5.2 The assessment is carried out by three assessors and one referee. The assessors sit side by side 1 m apart directly in front of the site, as Figure 1 shows. When a single movement or a throwing technique is timed, one of the three assessors also keeps the time. The person assessed is judged against the observation points for the single movements, the throwing techniques and the bout. In the bout one referee officiates and stops the action at once if either side uses a dangerous technique. The three assessors record how the movements were performed and judge together whether the student has passed.

5.3 Level one assessment. For the backward fall, two students face the assessors on the mat, salute with joined hands on the command and begin; the person assessed gives a front-facing demonstration and performs each movement three times in a row following the method for the backward fall; and the test ends with the salute. For the leg circling kick, two students face the assessors, salute on the command and begin; each movement is performed three times in a row with both legs following the method for the leg circling kick; and the test ends with the salute. For the throwing technique, two students stand facing each other on the mat, salute each other on the command and begin; they perform the leg hook and the single leg hold as a continuous paired quick throw within 10 s; the two work together and are tested separately, and the test ends with the salute. Each student has one attempt.

5.4 Level two assessment. The forward shoulder roll fall to the side is performed three times in a row following its method, the twisting stance three times in a row alternating left and right, and the neck cut and charging double leg hold as a paired quick throw within 10 s, each with the same salutes, the same working in pairs and separate testing, and one attempt for each student.

5.5 Level three assessment. For grip taking, the two students stand facing each other, salute on the command and, following the method of the hand technique, take three different grips in cooperation with each other. The step-in with back step is performed three times in a row facing the assessors. The leg scoop and armpit lift are performed as a paired quick throw within 10 s. The same salutes apply and each student has one attempt.

5.6 Level four assessment. The leg withdrawal is performed three times in a row, alternating left and right leg; the hop step three times in a row; and the belt twist and kneeling leg as a paired quick throw within 10 s. For the bout, two students of the same level and the same sex whose body mass differs by not more than 3 kg are paired and contest a bout of not more than 2 min under the Chinese wrestling competition rules; the two are tested at the same time under one referee, and both salute with a fist and palm before and after. Each student has one attempt.

5.7 Level five assessment. The long waist is performed twice to the right side of the body and once to the left; the four-step spring three times in a row, stepping in alternately with the left and the right leg; and the twist joined to the kneeling leg as a paired quick throw within 10 s. The bout is contested by two students of the same level and sex whose body mass differs by not more than 3 kg, over not more than 4 min under the Chinese wrestling competition rules, in two rounds of 2 min each, tested at the same time under one referee with the fist and palm salute before and after. Each student has one attempt.

5.8 Level six assessment. For the release, the two students stand facing each other and, according to the different grips the opponent takes, demonstrate three different releases in cooperation. For the hook, the two students face the assessors and demonstrate the shadow practice of the hook, alternating left and right leg, three times in a row. The bout is contested by two students of the same level and sex whose body mass differs by not more than 3 kg, over not more than 6 min under the Chinese wrestling competition rules, in two rounds of 3 min each, tested at the same time under one referee with the fist and palm salute before and after. Each student has one attempt.

Note on the printed English title

The English title printed on the cover of the document reads Evaluation specification for student's athletic ability of Chinese wresting course. The word wresting is a typing error for wrestling; the same error appears in the English equivalent given for the term defined in 3.1. The title has been corrected here.