GB/T 18207.1-2026Terminology for earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation - Part 1: Basic terms (English PDF)

2 Normative references

This document has no normative references.

4 Earthquake monitoring and early warning

4.1 Seismic observation Using instruments to determine basic earthquake parameters and observe and measure related phenomena caused by earthquake activity.

4.2 earthquake monitoring Dynamic observation and measurement of seismic activity, seismic processes, and possible precursory anomalies.

4.3 Earthquake rapid report Rapid determination and reporting of the time, location, magnitude, etc. of an earthquake that has occurred.

4.4 seismic ground motion Earth's surface or near-surface movements caused by an earthquake.

4.5 strong motion observation Seismic observations that record strong ground motions and the seismic response of engineering structures.

4.6 Earthquake early warning An alert issued after an earthquake to the impending seismic tremors that may cause impact or damage.

4.7 Earthquake early warning recipient Users who receive earthquake early warnings.

4.8 Earthquake early warning information Information released after the earthquake includes the earthquake magnitude, epicenter location, epicenter distance, seismic wave arrival time, local estimated intensity, and emergency evacuation guidelines.

4.9 Earthquake early warning time The remaining time until a destructive ground motion arrives when the earthquake early warning target receives the earthquake early warning information.

4.10 Earthquake early warning shadow zone When an earthquake early warning is issued, it indicates the area where destructive ground motion has already reached.

4.11 Earthquake Intensity Rapid Report Based on earthquake ground motion records, the determination and reporting of the degree of impact of earthquake ground motion can be quickly estimated.

4.12 earthquake monitoring station Sites where earthquake monitoring facilities are installed and earthquake monitoring is carried out.

4.13 Earthquake monitoring network An earthquake monitoring network consisting of several earthquake monitoring stations (4.12).

4.14 Dedicated earthquake monitoring network Earthquake monitoring networks constructed and managed by major engineering projects such as large reservoirs, oil fields, mines, petrochemicals, and transportation. (4.13).

5 Earthquake prediction and forecasting

5.1 earthquake precursorearthquakeprecursor Anomalies in physical, chemical, and biological phenomena that occur before an earthquake and are associated with that earthquake.

5.2 earthquake prediction Estimates and predictions regarding the timing, location, magnitude, and extent of future earthquakes.

5.3 Key area for earthquake surveillance and protection There is a risk of a destructive earthquake or a potential for severe disasters from a destructive earthquake within the next 10 years or slightly longer. The losses require strengthened earthquake prevention and disaster reduction measures, and cities and regions approved by the State Council.

5.4 Annual earthquake key hazard area Areas with a high risk of destructive earthquakes within the next year.

5.9 Intermediate-term earthquake forecast Forecasts of the locations and magnitudes of destructive earthquakes that may occur within the next one to two years.

5.10 Short-term earthquake forecast Forecasts of the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes that may occur within the next three months.

5.11 Imminent earthquake forecast Forecast of the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes that may occur within the next 10 days.

5.12 Post-earthquake trend assessment Analysis and assessment of the seismic activity in the affected area in the near future after an earthquake event.

5.13 earthquake public opinion The attitudes, feelings, viewpoints, and opinions of the general public in response to sudden earthquake events, earthquake rumors, or misinformation.

5.14 Public monitoring and prevention Social activities related to earthquake monitoring, prediction, and disaster prevention.

6 Earthquake Disaster Prevention

6.1 earthquake disaster The casualties and economic losses caused by earthquakes, as well as the damage and destruction to the natural and social environment.

6.2 Earthquake primary disaster The disasters directly caused by earthquakes.

6.3 Secondary earthquake disaster Geological disasters caused by earthquakes, as well as disasters such as floods and fires.

6.4 Earthquake-related disasters Social, economic, or environmental cascade disasters triggered by primary or secondary earthquakes.

6.5 Minor earthquake disaster An earthquake disaster that causes fewer than 10 deaths (including missing persons) or causes certain economic losses.

6.6 Major earthquake disaster An earthquake disaster that causes 10 or more but less than 30 deaths (including missing persons) or causes significant economic losses.

6.7 Major earthquake disaster An earthquake disaster that causes 30 or more but less than.200 deaths (including missing persons) or causes significant economic losses.

6.8 Significant earthquake disaster An earthquake disaster that causes.200 or more deaths (including missing persons) or causes particularly serious economic losses.

6.9 Active fault The presence of displacement or historical earthquake records dating back 120,000 years indicates that the structure is still active.

Note. This includes Late Pleistocene faults and Holocene faults.

6.10 Seismotectonic survey and prospect Investigation of earthquake tectonics and assessment of its potential hazards.

6.11 Seismic hazard analysis Using deterministic or probabilistic analysis methods, provide the ground motion parameters or seismic intensity values for a site under different future risk scenarios.

6.12 Earthquake-bearing-body earthquake-bearing-body Those affected by earthquake disasters.

6.13 Seismic vulnerability The possibility of damage or loss to earthquake-bearing structures under different seismic intensities.

7 Earthquake Emergency Response and Rescue

7.1 earthquake emergency response All emergency preparations made before an earthquake and emergency rescue and relief operations taken after an earthquake.

7.2 earthquake emergency response plan A pre-planned emergency rescue and disaster relief operation to be carried out after an earthquake.

7.3 Earthquake emergency response preparedness Preparations made to respond to and mitigate earthquake damage before a destructive earthquake occurs.

7.4 Earthquake emergency response exercise Simulated emergency response practices conducted to enhance earthquake emergency response capabilities.

7.5 Earthquake emergency evacuation and avoidance The action of people quickly moving from earthquake-prone areas to safe locations.

7.6 Earthquake emergency response A series of emergency response measures implemented after a destructive earthquake or an earthquake that affects the public.

7.7 Earthquake emergency rescue Emergency rescue and relief operations were carried out after the earthquake.

7.8 earthquake emergency shelter Newly built, renovated, or designated safe areas for earthquake refuge and emergency evacuation, with certain living service support functions. place.

8 Post-earthquake relief and reconstruction

8.1 earthquake disaster situation The extent of casualties, economic losses, and social impact caused by the earthquake.

8.2 earthquake disaster area Areas that suffered casualties and economic losses after an earthquake.

8.3 Search and rescue The process of searching for and sheltering survivors, and providing first aid and basic medical assistance after a destructive earthquake.

8.4 Seismic intensity assessment The work involves assessing the seismic intensity at various points through on-site investigations, instrumental intensity outputs, remote sensing interpretation, and/or communication surveys.

8.5 Earthquake disaster loss assessment The assessment and estimation of the extent of damage caused by earthquake disasters.

8.6 Post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction Repair and reconstruction of buildings, lifeline projects, public facilities, and production and living order damaged by earthquakes.

8.7 earthquake ruins Traces of earthquakes, whether naturally occurring or man-made.

Note. This includes buildings and structures destroyed or damaged by earthquakes, buildings and structures within the earthquake zone that have been affected by earthquakes but remain intact, and geological structures resulting from earthquake activity. Traces of landform changes.