GB/T 14048.25-2025Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 9-2: Active arc-fault mitigation systems - Optical-based internal arc-detection and mitigation devices (English PDF)

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".

Drafting.

This document is Part 9-2 of GB/T 14048 "Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear". GB/T 14048 has been published as follows.

Part 2.

---Part 1: General Provisions;

---Part 2: Circuit Breakers;

---Part 3: Switches, Isolators, Disconnecting Switches and Fuse Combinations;

---Part 4-1.Contactors and Motor Starters Electromechanical contactors and motor starters (including motor protectors);

---Part 4-2.Contactors and Motor Starters. Semiconductor Controllers and Starters (including Soft Starters) for AC Motors;

---Part 4-3.Contactors and Motor Starters. AC Semiconductor Controllers and Contactors for Non-Motor Loads;

---Part 5-1.Control Circuit Appliances and Switching Elements - Electromechanical Control Circuit Appliances;

---Part 5-2.Control Circuits, Electrical Appliances, and Switching Elements (Proximity Switches);

---Part 5-3.Control Circuitry and Switching Elements. Proximity Switches (PDDBs) with Defined Functionality under Fault Conditions Require;

---Part 5-4.Special Tests for Performance Evaluation of Small-Capacity Contacts in Control Circuits and Switching Elements;

---Part 5-5.Electrical emergency braking devices with mechanical latching function, including control circuitry and switching elements;

---Parts 5-6.Control Circuit Electrical Appliances and Switching Elements DC Interface for Proximity Sensors and Switching Amplifiers (NAMUR);

---Parts 5-7.Requirements for control circuit electrical appliances and switching elements for proximity devices with analog outputs;

---Parts 5-8.Control Circuit Electrical Appliances and Switching Elements - Three-position Enable Switch;

---Parts 5-9.Control Circuits, Electrical Appliances, and Switching Elements; Flow Switches;

---Part 6-1.Multifunctional Electrical Transfer Switches;

---Part 6-2.Multifunctional Electrical Appliances (Equipment) Control and Protection Switchgear (Equipment) (CPS);

---Part 7-1.Terminal blocks for copper conductors of auxiliary devices;

---Part 7-2.Protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors of auxiliary devices;

---Part 7-3.Safety requirements for auxiliary device fuse terminal blocks;

---Part 7-4.PCB terminal blocks for copper conductors of auxiliary components;

---Part 7-5.Terminal blocks for aluminum conductors in auxiliary components;

---Part 8: Built-in Thermal Protection (PTC) Control Unit for Rotating Electrical Machines;

---Part 9-1.Arc-extinguishing devices for active arc fault suppression systems;

---Part 9-2.Active Arc Fault Suppression System. Internal Arc Detection and Suppression Device Based on Optical Signals.

This document is modified to adopt IEC 60947-9-2:2021 "Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 9-2.Active suppression of arc faults".

The system is an internal arc detection and suppression device based on optical signals.

The technical differences between this document and IEC 60947-9-2:2021, and the reasons therefor, are as follows.

---The scope of application has been expanded (see Chapter 1);

---IEC 60947-9-1:2019 (see 9.3.6.1 and 9.4.1) has been replaced with the normatively referenced GB/T 14048.23-2022.

Adapt to my country's national conditions.

The following editorial changes have been made to this document.

---Figure 6 shows a multi-functional IACD (hardware) architecture. The "minimum system under consideration" represented by the dashed line contains IEC original text editing errors.

Incorrect, corrected to include only one auxiliary processor.

Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.

This document was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.

This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Low Voltage Electrical Appliances (SAC/TC189).

Introduction

Low-voltage switchgear and control equipment are produced in large quantities and are widely used, including circuit breakers, isolators, disconnect switches and fuse combinations, contactors, and...

Starters, etc., are widely used in various fields such as machinery, power, and electronics, involving multiple aspects of electrical energy control and distribution. GB/T 14048 "Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear" is an important series of standards guiding related products of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear in my country, and is proposed to be compiled by 25 ministries.

Composition.

---Part 1: General Provisions. This section aims to specify the general requirements for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear.

---Part 2: Circuit Breakers. This section specifies the performance requirements and test methods for circuit breakers, as well as other product-related requirements.

---Part 3: Switches, Isolators, Disconnecting Switches and Fuses Combinations. The purpose is to specify the components of switches, isolators, disconnecting switches, and fuses.

Product-related requirements, such as performance requirements and test methods for fuse combination electrical appliances.

---Part 4-1.Contactors and Motor Starters Electromechanical contactors and motor starters (including motor protectors).

The key is to specify the performance requirements and test methods for electromechanical contactors and motor starters (including motor protectors), etc.

Relevant requirements.

---Part 4-2.Contactors and Motor Starters Semiconductor Controllers and Starters (including Soft Starters) for AC Motors the purpose is to specify the performance requirements and test methods for semiconductor controllers and starters (including soft starters) for AC motors.

Product-related requirements.

---Part 4-3.Contactors and Motor Starters. AC Semiconductor Controllers and Contactors for Non-Motor Loads. The purpose is to...

The product-related requirements include performance requirements and test methods for AC semiconductor controllers and contactors used for non-motor loads.

---Part 5-1.Control Circuit Appliances and Switching Elements - Electromechanical Control Circuit Appliances. The purpose is to specify electromechanical control circuit appliances.

Product-related requirements, such as the performance requirements and testing methods for electrical circuit components.

---Part 5-2.Control Circuits, Electrical Appliances, and Switching Elements - Proximity Switches. The purpose is to specify the performance requirements and testing procedures for proximity switches.

Product-related requirements such as testing methods.

---Part 5-3.Requirements for control circuit electrical components and switching elements of proximity switches (PDDBs) to maintain their specified function under fault conditions the purpose is to specify the performance requirements and test methods for proximity switches that have a defined function under fault conditions, and other product-related requirements.

Require.

---Part 5-4.Special Tests for Performance Evaluation of Small-Capacity Contacts in Control Circuits and Switching Elements. The purpose is to...

Special test requirements are specified for the performance evaluation of small-capacity contacts.

---Part 5-5.Electrical emergency braking devices with mechanical latching function, including control circuitry and switching elements. The purpose is to...

The regulations specify the performance requirements and test methods for electrical emergency braking devices with mechanical latching functions, as well as other relevant product requirements.

---Parts 5-6.Control Circuit Electrical Appliances and Switching Elements DC Interface for Proximity Sensors and Switching Amplifiers (NAMUR) the purpose is to specify the performance requirements and test methods for the DC interfaces of proximity sensors and switching amplifiers, as well as other product-related requirements.

---Parts 5-7.Requirements for control circuit electrical appliances and switching elements used in proximity devices with analog outputs. The purpose is to specify...

Product-related requirements, such as performance requirements and test methods, for proximity devices with analog outputs.

---Parts 5-8.Control Circuit Electrical Appliances and Switching Elements - Three-position Enable Switch. The purpose is to specify the performance of three-position enable switches.

Product-related requirements, such as requirements and testing methods.

---Parts 5-9.Control Circuits, Electrical Appliances, and Switching Elements - Flow Switches. The purpose is to specify the performance requirements and testing procedures for flow switches.

Product-related requirements such as testing methods.

---Part 6-1.Multifunctional Electrical Transfer Switches. The purpose is to specify the performance requirements and test methods for transfer switches.

Requirements related to products such as [illegible]

---Part 6-2.Multifunctional Electrical Appliances (Equipment) - Control and Protection Switchgear (CPS). The purpose is to specify control and protection switching equipment.

Product-related requirements, such as performance requirements and test methods for protective switching devices.

---Part 7-1.Terminal blocks for copper conductors in auxiliary devices. The purpose is to specify the performance requirements of copper conductor terminal blocks.

Requirements and testing methods, etc., related to the product.

---Part 7-2.Protective Conductor Terminal Blocks for Auxiliary Devices' Copper Conductors. The purpose is to specify the protective conductor terminals for copper conductors.

Product-related requirements, such as performance requirements and test methods for terminal blocks.

---Part 7-3.Safety Requirements for Auxiliary Devices Fuse Terminal Blocks. The purpose is to specify the safety requirements for fuse terminal blocks.

Safety-related requirements.

---Part 7-4.PCB Terminal Blocks with Copper Conductors for Auxiliary Components. The purpose is to specify PCB terminal blocks with copper conductors.

Product-related requirements, such as performance requirements and testing methods.

---Part 7-5.Terminal blocks for aluminum conductors in auxiliary components. The purpose is to specify the performance requirements of terminal blocks for aluminum conductors.

Requirements and testing methods, etc., related to the product.

---Part 8: PTC (Positioned Thermal Protection) Control Units for Rotating Electrical Machines. The purpose is to specify the PTC control units for rotating electrical machines.

Product-related requirements, such as performance requirements and test methods for the protection (PTC) control unit.

---Part 9-1.Arc-extinguishing devices for active arc fault suppression systems. The purpose is to specify the performance requirements and testing procedures for arc-extinguishing devices.

Product-related requirements such as methods.

---Part 9-2.Active Arc Fault Suppression System - Internal Arc Detection and Suppression Device Based on Optical Signals. The purpose is to regulate...

Define the performance requirements and test methods for internal arc detection and suppression equipment based on optical signals, as well as other product-related requirements.

When an electric arc is generated in a closed assembly of equipment, various physical phenomena occur. For example, the air under atmospheric pressure inside the enclosure...

The energy generated by the electric arc will cause internal overpressure and localized overheating, which will increase the mechanical and thermal stress on the entire equipment. Furthermore, the equipment used...

The material may produce thermally decomposable substances, including gases, metals, or vapors, which may be released outside the casing.

Because internal arc faults pose risks of personal injury, damage to energy equipment, and loss of energy supply, the detection of arc faults is crucial.

The demand for arc fault suppression is becoming increasingly strong. This is achieved through active arc fault suppression systems, combined with rapid internal arc fault detection and short-circuit protection devices.

The operation of the arc extinguishing device and/or the associated actions of the additional arc extinguishing device can significantly reduce the impact of arc faults.

Low-voltage switchgear and control equipment Part 9-2.Active Arc Fault Suppression System Internal arc detection and suppression device based on optical signals

1 Scope

This document covers the internal arc fault control device, hereinafter referred to as IACD, and its purpose is.

---Detecting internal arcing in low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies by (at least) processing optical effects of internal arcing faults.

Faults, and;

---Operating arc suppression appliances (external or combined type);

To reduce the impact of internal arcing faults (see Figure 1).

In this document, the terms "light" or "optics" cover more than just the visible spectrum. They can also encompass, for example, infrared or ultraviolet light.

Electromagnetic radiation (see Appendix D).

For combined IACDs, this document should be consistent with the relevant product standards for internal arc fault suppression devices (IARD conforms to GB/Z 43533-).

(The provisions of 2023 shall be considered together.) Product specifications must comply with relevant product standards and cannot be claimed solely based on the tests outlined in this document.

Note 1.Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies are generally specified by IEC 61439 (all parts).

Index number explanation.

1---Outer casing of the complete set of equipment;

2---Internal arc fault;

3---Optical sensors;

4---Processing Unit;

5---Trigger output used for operation, such as suppression devices.

Note. This diagram shows a simplified IACD schematic with only one optical sensor and no other sensors that could be used to assist in confirming arc faults.

Placement, such as a current sensor.

Figure 1.Schematic diagram of an optical IACD (standalone type, without auxiliary sensors).

Therefore, this document contains.

---Internal arc fault control electrical appliances (independent, multi-functional, or combined types);

---One or more connected sensors are used to detect the optical effects of internal arcing faults;

---Sensing other physical effects to confirm the fault;