GB 8897.5-2013Primary batteries -- Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte (English PDF)

4.1 Design

4.1.1 General

It should be designed to use the battery under normal (specified) safe and dangerous condition.

4.1.2 bleed

All batteries should be installed when the functional pressure release member, or structure should be designed when the internal pressure of the battery exceeds the explosion energy value

The release of too much pressure. If the sealant must be a plurality of cells enclosed within a housing, the sealing method used and should not be

Cause battery overheating or working pressure release member during normal operation.

A battery case should select the appropriate materials and/or final assembly design, such that when one or more cell venting occurred, electrical

Pool enclosure itself no danger.

Insulation resistance 4.1.3

At 500V ~ 600V voltage, between the exposed metal surfaces of the battery (not including any electrical contact and a terminal) electrically insulating

Resistance not less than 5Mohm.

4.2 Quality Plan

The manufacturer should develop quality plans, inspection procedures specified materials, spare parts, single cells and battery packs in the production process, and

The whole process of production of batteries to be implemented.

5.1 General

By statistical methods approved product samples taken in batches.

5.2 Identification of the type of sampling

Identification of the type in Figure 1 the number of samples.

Note 1. The four batteries in series, wherein a reverse connection (groups of 5).

Note 2. the four battery in series, one of which is in a discharged (groups of 5).

Type 1 test identification number of samples required for sampling, and FIG.

6.1 General

6.1.1 applicable safety inspection items

Applicable safety test items shown in Table 1.

Table 2 and Table 6 scenarios simulated battery test items that may be encountered when specifying the use and misuse can be foreseen.

Table 1 Test items

system

Letter code

Negative Positive electrolyte

Single cell

The nominal voltage

shape

Test items

B-1

B-2

CDEFG

(Zn)

Ammonium chloride, zinc chloride

manganese dioxide

(MnO2)

1.5

R sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt

B NR

Pr sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt

M sqrt sqrt sqrt NR sqrt sqrt sqrt

(Zn)

Ammonium chloride, zinc chloride

oxygen

(O2)

1.4

R sqrt sqrt sqrt NR sqrt sqrt sqrt

B NR

Pr sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt

M sqrt sqrt sqrt NR sqrt sqrt sqrt

TABLE 1 (cont.)

system

Letter code

Negative Positive electrolyte

Single cell

The nominal voltage

shape

Test items

B-1

B-2

CDEFG

(Zn)

An alkali metal hydroxide

manganese dioxide

(MnO2)

1.5

R sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt

B sqrt sqrt sqrt NR sqrt NR sqrt

Pr sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt

M sqrt sqrt sqrt NR sqrt NR sqrt

(Zn)

An alkali metal hydroxide

oxygen

(O2)

1.4

R NR

B NR sqrt sqrt NR sqrt NR sqrt

Pr sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt

M NR

(Zn)

An alkali metal hydroxide

Silver oxide

(Ag2O)

1.55

R sqrt sqrt sqrt NR sqrt NR sqrt

B sqrt sqrt sqrt NR sqrt NR sqrt

Pr sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt

M NR

Test item code.

A. Part used after (partial discharge) is stored

B-1. Transport - Impact

B-2. Transport - Vibration

C. Climate - temperature cycling

D. is not installed properly

E. External short circuit

F. over-discharge

G. free fall

Other Code Description.

R. a cylindrical battery (see 3.4)

B. button battery (see 3.2)

Pr. a rectangular cell (see 3.12)

M. a plurality of cell batteries containing

sqrt. asked to do testing

NR. do not require testing

Note. button cell or battery capacity is below 250mA · h L of the system and the system S and the capacity is lower than 700mA · h button system of single P

Body cell or battery-free to do any testing.

6.1.2 Safety Alert

Warning.

In the inspection process if you do not take appropriate protective measures, it may cause personal injury.

In preparing these test methods, testing is assumed to have taken appropriate precautions to by experienced, qualified technical staff

ongoing.

6.1.3 Ambient temperature

Unless otherwise specified, tests should be performed at (20 ± 5) °C.

6.2 specify

Test items 6.2.1 and the requirements specified use

Specify requirements and test items shown in Table 2.

Table 2 specifies the use of test items and requirements

The simulated test items specified requirements

A battery electrical performance test portion after use (discharge portion) reservoir

No leak

Not on fire

No explosion

Environmental Testing

Transport B-1 - Impact

No leak

Not on fire

No explosion

B-2 transport - Vibration

No leak

Not on fire

No explosion

Climate - C ambient temperature climate - temperature cycling

Not on fire

No explosion

6.2.2 specify test methods

6.2.2.1 Test A. used after the battery part (discharge part) reservoir

a) Objective

The simulation test has been charged with a battery in the case of electrical appliances has been switched off after partial discharge. These batteries may be a long time

Placed in electrical appliances or removed after long-term storage of the electrical appliances.

b) Test Method

The untreated sample of the battery discharge by IEC 60086-2. The model of least resistance load battery discharge mode in a predetermined discharge 2011,

The minimum discharge time average discharge time (MAD) is 50%, then the discharge reservoir 30d at 45 °C ± 5 °C.

c) Requirements

The battery should not leak during the inspection, no fire, no explosion.

6.2.2.2 test B-1. Transportation - Impact

a) Objective

The test simulated electric appliances with battery case is accidentally falling. Test conditions made a general in IEC 60068-2-27

Provisions.

b) Test Method

Undischarged battery examined as follows.

Inspection step according to a predetermined condition specified in Table 4 and Table 3.

Impulse. impulse is applied to the battery requirements are as follows.

Step recording the battery open-circuit voltage.

Step 2 - Step 4 impact test according to the steps specified in Table 3 and Table 4.

Step 5 battery is left 1h.

Step 6 record test results.

c) Requirements

The battery should not leak during the inspection, no fire, no explosion.

Table 3 Impact pulse

Acceleration

The minimum initial 3ms average acceleration maximum acceleration

Waveform

75gn 125gn ~ 175gn half sine

NOTE. gn = 9.80665m/s2.

Table 4 step test

Step impact frequency and hold time alignment battery visual inspection period

1h

See note

See note

See note

6.2.2.3 Test B-2. Transport - Vibration

a) Objective

The vibration test to simulate the transport and in the testing conditions were specified in IEC 60068-2-6 in general.

b) Test Method

Undischarged battery examined as follows.

Tested under the following conditions in Table 5 and in steps.

--- amplitude of vibration applied to the battery is 0.8mm, maximum total harmonic motion amplitude of 1.6mm. Frequency change 1Hz/min, frequency

Ratio range of 10Hz ~ 55Hz. Cells were subjected to three mutually perpendicular directions of oscillation, to each direction (10Hz ~ 55Hz), back

(55Hz ~ 10Hz) vibration (90 ± 5) min.

Table 5 verification step

Step hold time alignment battery visual inspection vibration time period

1h

See note

See note

See note

Each (90 ± 5) min

Each (90 ± 5) min

Each (90 ± 5) min

Inspection ago

After the test

Note. in the three directions perpendicular to each other the respective vibrating battery once.

Step recording the battery open-circuit voltage.

Step 2 to Step 4 Step predetermined vibration test and 6.2.2.3 in Table 5.

Step 5 battery is left 1h.

Step 6 record test results.

c) Requirements

The battery should not leak during the inspection, no fire, no explosion.

6.2.2.4 Inspection C. Climate - temperature cycling

a) Objective

The test was used to evaluate after the temperature cycling may be weakened overall sealing performance of the battery.

b) Test Method

Discharge of the battery is not tested by the following method.

The step of temperature cycling (see 1) to 7) and/or FIG. 2).

1) the battery placed in the test compartment, within 30min (t1) The test chamber temperature was raised to 70 °C ± 5 °C;

2) held at this temperature for 4h (t2);

3) in 30min (t1) The test chamber temperature was lowered to 20 °C ± 5 °C, and held at this temperature for 2h (t3);

4) in 30min (t1) The test chamber temperature is lowered to -20 °C ± 5 °C, and held at this temperature for 4h (t2);

5) in 30min (t1) The test chamber temperature was raised to 20 °C ± 5 °C;

6) Repeat the above steps to continue for another nine cycles;

7) After these 10 cycles, and then tested after storage 7d.

FIG temperature cycling step 2

c) Requirements

The battery should not catch fire in the inspection process, not an explosion.

6.3 can be expected to misuse

6.3.1 foreseeable misuse and inspection requirements (see Table 6)

Table 6 foreseeable misuse inspection requirements and

The simulated test items required misuse

Electrical performance test D improper installation

Not on fire

No explosion a

Table 6 (Continued)

The simulated test items required misuse

Electrical performance test

E external short

Not on fire

No explosion

F overdischarge

Not on fire

No explosion

Environmental Testing G free fall

Not on fire

No explosion

a See 6.3.2.1b) Note 2.

6.3.2 foreseeable misuse of test methods

6.3.2.1 Inspection D. Improper installation

a) Objective

The test simulates a set of (four batteries in series) there is a battery in the case of a reverse battery connection.

b) Test Method

3, 4 the same brand, model and source of undischarged batteries connected in series, wherein a battery (B1) is connected in reverse turned

The circuit 24h to the battery housing or the temperature is lowered to ambient temperature.

Resistance in the circuit connected to each other should be less than 0.1ohm.

Improper installation of FIG. 3 (four batteries in series) a circuit diagram

Note 1. Figure 3 circuit simulation of a typical misuse.

Note 2. The primary battery can not be charged, but when three or more cells connected in series in a reverse battery installation, the battery is in the reverse charged

Situation. Although a cylindrical battery is designed to release the internal pressure is too high, but there are still explosions may occur in some cases. So it should be

Clear reminder of the user according to the polarity of the battery (and -) batteries are inserted correctly in order to avoid injury (see 9.1i)).

c) Requirements

The battery should not catch fire during the inspection, no explosion (see 6.3.2.1b) Note 2).

6.3.2.2 Inspection E. External short circuit

a) Objective

The test simulated battery external short circuit may occur in daily use.

b) Test Method

Discharge of the battery is not connected as in FIG. 4. 24h turn on the circuit to the battery housing or the temperature is lowered to ambient temperature.

The connection resistance in the circuit should be less than 0.1ohm.

6.3.2.3 Inspection F. over-discharge

a) Objective

The test simulated a discharged battery with the other three non-discharge of the battery case in series.

b) Test Method

According to IEC 60086-2 an undischarged battery (C1). MAD predetermined maximum value 2011 that the subject application entry (expressed in units of time)

Test discharge amount or discharge test conditions, the load until the voltage drops n × 0.6V (n for the number of monomer battery cells), and then put the

Through the electric battery (C1) and 3 the same brand, model and sources connected in series non-discharge of the battery 5 as shown in FIG. Circuit that turns on until the total

Load voltage falls below 4 × (n × 0.6V).

R1 is the resistance value should be about IEC 60086-2. 4 times the minimum cell resistance of the resistor of the predetermined test load 2011,

And ultimately determined to be closest to IEC 60086-1. a resistance value of 6.4 in 2011.

6.3.2.4 Inspection G. free fall

a) Objective

The case of a sudden drop test simulation battery, testing conditions in accordance with IEC 60086-2-31.

b) verification step

Discharge of the battery does not fall from a height of 1m on the concrete surface, each of the battery to be tested should be dropped six times, six surfaces of each rectangular battery 1

Times, twice each circular cell as shown in Figure 6 the three axes, and the battery to be tested is placed 1h.

FIG 6 XYZ axial direction of free fall

c) Requirements

The battery should not catch fire in the inspection process, not an explosion.

7.1 Battery Safety Precautions

When used correctly, aqueous electrolyte battery is a safe and reliable power. However, if misuse or abuse the battery may cause

Leakage, and in extreme cases may explode and/or catch fire.

a) shall be indicated with the battery and the electrical polarity flag (and -) of the battery is properly loaded. Is not properly loaded with a battery having a collector

May be short-circuited or charging, the battery temperature rises rapidly, resulting in venting, leakage, explosion and injury.

b) Do not short circuit the battery. When the positive electrode of the battery () and the negative (-) direct connection, the battery was short-circuited. For example, the battery

And keys or coins in a pocket or handbag together, the battery can be short-circuited, which may lead to bleed, leak, explosion

And personal injury.

c) not recharge the battery. Attempt to produce gas and/or heat to cause the internal battery charging primary non-rechargeable, resulting in leakage

Put, leaks, explosions and personal injury.

d) Do not force the battery discharge. When the battery is forcibly discharged outside the power supply voltage of the battery will be forced down to the design value and electrical

Internal pool to produce gas, can lead to bleed, leak, explosion and personal injury.

e) Do not use new batteries or a different type or brand of batteries. When replacing the battery, use the same brand new electricity, the same type of

Pool at the same time replace all the batteries. When different brands or types of batteries used with new and old batteries or together, since the electric

Different voltage or capacity of the pool, make some battery discharge caused by venting, leakage and explosion, possibly causing injury.

f) should be taken out from the battery power is exhausted and electrical appliances properly. Let charged battery for a long time there is left in the electric appliances in

Electrical appliances caused damage and/or personal injury may occur electrolyte leakage.

g) do not heat the battery. After the battery is heated discharge may occur, leakage and explosion and cause personal injury.

h) Do not directly solder the battery. When the battery is directly welded, battery may be damaged due to the heat, resulting in internal short circuit and cause leakage

Put, leaks and explosions, it could result in personal injury.

i) Do not remove the battery. When removing the member in contact with the battery in the battery is harmful and can cause personal injury or fire.

j) Do not damage the battery. Do not squeeze the battery, punching, or other forms of damage, such misuse can lead to bleed, leak, burst

Fried and personal injury.

k) Do not dispose of the battery by fire. When treated with a battery fire, the heat generated...

END: Draft Version (GB 8897.5-2013)