GB 8370-2009Quarantine protocols for apple seedlings in producing areas (English PDF)

Foreword

All the technical contents of this standard is mandatory.

This standard replaces GB 8370-1987 "apple seedlings quarantine rules." This standard compared with GB 8370-1987, the main changes are as follows.

--- Modify the standard English name, standard structure, some of the terms;

--- Aspect of apple seedlings quarantine procedures, and to detect and investigate outbreaks treatment was supplemented by regulations.

The Standard Appendix A, Appendix C, and Appendix F Appendix H normative appendix, Appendix B, Appendix D, Annex E and Annex G of data Appendix.

1 Scope

This standard specifies the procedures and methods of apple seedlings quarantine.

This standard applies to agricultural plant quarantine institutions at all levels of apple seedling breeding base for the implementation of quarantine.

2 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

4 Application processing

5 Prepare and technical guidance

Agricultural quarantine plant quarantine agencies to develop plans and apple seedling breeding base in quarantine guide (see Appendix B).

6 Investigation Detection

7 Disease treatment

Detection of outbreaks, should take immediate and effective measures controlling, controlling measures See Appendix G.

8 Visas

8.1 According to the field survey, indoor detection and identification results, found no quarantine pests or quarantine pests found in catalogs of Qualified above the county level agricultural plant quarantine agencies to issue "quarantine certificate" (see Appendix H), "quarantine certificate" is valid 1 year.

8.2 found quarantine pests, quarantine insecticide treatment shall be issued "quarantine certificate"; quarantine insecticide treatment failure And not the issue of "quarantine certificate" and inform the applicant or quarantine individuals.

9 File Management

The raw survey data in quarantine work, indoor detection test results and other information to create a file and save it, conditional The picture is taken concerning quarantine pests and damage symptoms to save, save time less than 2 years.

Appendix A (Normative)

Quarantine application Table A. 1 quarantine application ID. The date Plant Names Species name Species (Miao) Source Production area It is expected to yield Production sites Production for the period from expiring Applicant Name (stamp). Address. Zip.

Contact (Signed). Tel. Fax.

Requirements for this document sending method Come to collect Express mail Standard Delivery

Appendix B (Informative)

Apple seedling breeding prevention measures B. 1 nursery selected B. 1.1 nursery should be selected under the guidance of local agricultural plant quarantine bodies election in the absence of quarantine pest area.

B. 1.2 If the election in quarantine pest sporadic areas should have natural conditions of isolation, no quarantine pests plots.

B. 2 propagation material acquisition and processing B. 2.1 rootstock seed sources and processing Rootstock seeds should be based on self-quarantine pests or never occurred area transferred. Rootstock seeds transferred from the field should be accompanied by a phytosanitary Certificate and report to the local agricultural plant quarantine authorities or retest. At the same time, it should pay attention to the packaging material inspection and quarantine.

B. 2.2 scion sources and processing The scion should health unit or the parent trees collected from no quarantine pest area transferred. Scion varieties imported from overseas should Accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate and report to the local agricultural plant quarantine authorities or retest. Found quarantine pests should be destroyed; Scientific Research Scion varieties with a small amount of chemical pesticides can be processed, treated before use to confirm no quarantine pests.

B. 3 establish parental Park B. 3.1 Before the establishment of nurseries, garden maternal health should be established in order to provide a healthy scion.

B. 3.2 female garden should be established in areas without quarantine pests occur.

B. 3.3 Planting monthly parental park new scion mother tree seed should be used to cultivate non-quarantine pests.

B. 4 nursery, female garden prevention measures B. 4.1 prohibited without quarantine rootstock seeds and rootstock, scion seedlings, fruit and packaging equipment into the nursery, female garden.

B. 4.2 special tools should be disinfected.

B. 4.3 strengthen parental park, nursery management, prevention and treatment of other diseases and pests.

Appendix C (Normative)

Pest survey sampling record sheet Table C. 1 pest survey sampling record sheet Numbering.

Production/operator address and zip code Contact/contact person in charge phone Survey Sampling Location Date sample Numbering Botanical name (Chinese name and scientific name)

Variety name plant Growth Period Investigation on behalf of The number or area plant source Descriptions of the symptoms.

Occurrence and Prevention and the reasons.

Sampling methods, location and sampling ratio. Remarks. Sampling units (stamp).

Preparer (Signed). year month day Production/operator Site person in charge year month day

Note: This unitary two together, the first joint sampling unit archive, the second cross-linking examined units.

Appendix D (Informative)

Section morphology quarantine pests D. 1 apple aphid Winged viviparous female aphid body length 1.7mm ~ 2.0mm, wingspan 5.5mm. Body dark brown, black head and chest. Surface covered with white Color cotton was less than viviparous wingless. Re jealous black, ocular tumors. Antennal segment 6, section III in particular long, incomplete or complete ring above Feeling like holes 24 to 28, the length of the fourth quarter, followed by a cyclic feeling hole 3 to 4, sect longer VI. Transparent wings, veins and Pterostigma brown. Siphunculus degenerate into a ring of black holes.

Wingless viviparous female aphid body length 1.8mm ~ 2.2mm. Body nearly oval, side tumor-like processes, the raw haired body was white Cotton waxy substance. Head unrepresented tumor. Antennal segment 6, the longest III, Section II more than 2 times. Re jealous black, ocular tumors. Abdomen back Secrete wax face a longitudinal bore 4, and secrete a waxy white cotton-like, abdominal tube degradation, semicircular hole, located between the fifth and sixth abdominal segment.

Sexual female aphid is about 1mm, light brown body, antennae 5, mouthparts degradation, abdomen Auburn, slightly woolly. About male sexual aphid 0.7mm, yellow-green, antennae 5, mouthparts degradation, the central bulge of abdominal sections, there are obvious grooves.

Eggs oval, about 0.5mm. When primiparous orange, brown, becoming a smooth surface, covered with white powder, the larger end of the fine holes prominent.

A total of four instar nymphs. Slightly barrel-shaped body, body Sechi brown. Beak slender, extending backward. Antennae 5. There were white cotton-like body.

D. 2 codling moth Adult. body length 8mm, wingspan 19mm ~ 20mm. All beige and purplish gloss. Male moths color depth, light color female moth. Compound eyes deep Brown. On the lower lip curved shall, up to the second quarter, was born in the bottom of the distal end of the second section; gray scales cluster head has developed.

No wing leading edge pleats; each pulse separated from each other. R1 veins from the central chamber or a little before, R2 R3 pulse from the pulse closer than R1 veins. Hind wing veins and M2 M3 veins parallel; M3 veins and veins Cu1 total handle. Great anal wing pattern, dark brown, oval-shaped, with three bronze streak, during which the show 4 ~ 5 brown stripes, which is a significant feature of this species on the shape. In addition, the base wing pale brown; the outer edge slightly protruding triangle, in this region have more hetero Deep oblique wavy pattern, the central wing of the lightest color, but also mixed with a wavy pattern. Male moth wing after ventral edge of a room in a dark brown streak, no female moth.

Hind wings dark brown, lighter base. Male genitalia is holding flap in the middle of a significant neck; belly hold is in the middle of a depression, which has an outer Finger cusps, hold side round, with many long-haired; stubby penis, base slightly curved; aedeagus pin 6 ~ 8, arranged in two rows. Female exogenous Genital spawning flap medial straight outer arc; mating hole wide flat; after the female piece round large; balloon catheter tubby, near the mouth of the strong chitin, big wide Semicircle; sac sudden two horns like.

Egg. flat elliptic, long 1.1mm ~ 1.2mm, width 0.9mm ~ 1.0mm, middle slightly elevated, surface no obvious pattern. produce When translucent, then develop into yellow and red.

Larva. First instar larvae yellowish white, mature larvae body length 14mm ~ 18mm takes the shape of a red back color depth, ventral coloration, pale chest shield Yellow, and brown spots hip panel light brown spots. Head brown, dark brown unilateral eye area, each side has six monocular, para 1,6 monocular Large, oval, 3,4 monocular small; the largest valve chest, oval; followed by the eighth throttle, and the remaining approximately equal, almost circular.

Abdominal gastropods four pairs of toe hook-order missing link; the end of one pair of hip foot, toe hook single row.

Pupa. body length 7mm ~ 10mm, brown, black compound eyes, the former does not exceed the hind femur beak. Female antennae shorter, less than the foot end;

The male antennae longer, near the end of the foot. The coxae revealed, and the hind wings are more than a third abdominal segment and the fourth abdominal segment of front hip A total of 10 spines.

D. 3 fall webworm Adult. wingspan 23mm ~ 46mm, heads covered with white hair, prominent compound eyes, monocular. Beak short and weak, with a small chin beard. Male contact Horn double toothed. Forewing vein R1 Central room separate issue, R1-R5 a total handle; M1 front corner room Central issued after the top of M2, M3 Central chamber angle Issued; Cu1 Central chamber angle after issue; hind wing leading edge chamber Sc + R1 Central central issue Rs + Central chamber angle before M1 issued M2, M3 there is a Total short handle, Central chamber angle after issue up. Front coxae and orange leg ends. Tibia end two wings, a short straight, another long and bending.

Eggs. Poly production, there are hundreds of eggs a monolayer particle diameter of 0.4mm ~ 0.5mm, regular egg surface depressions marking.

Larvae. occurred in the southern United States as a red-headed type. Larval head and back hair tumor was orange. It occurs in other countries and regions to Black type, head and back black hair tumor.

Pupa. Anal spines 8 ~ 17, the end of the spine showed a bell-shaped, the middle sag.

D. 4 apple scab Conidiophores and mycelium distinction explicitly or implicitly, cylindrical, tufted, short and erect, branched, straight or slightly curved, light brown to dark brown Color, or olive, knees or nodular, sometimes base dilated, spore cell wall full budding type sporulation, ring marks Extendible; conidia inverted pear-shaped Or inverted rod size (14µm ~ 24µm) x (6µm ~ 8µm), colorless at birth, gradually as light cyan brown, dark brown, spore-based truncated top Ministry obtuse or slightly pointed, smooth surface or with small warts suddenly, from 0 to 1 diaphragm, even with 2 or more than 2 separator separator at slightly constricted. Colonies are Irregular shaped or round, tile-like, olive, gray or black, sometimes there are hairs. Most mycelium was born under the host cuticle or epidermis In, for radial growth. Ascus seat early buried within the matrix after exposure or near supergene, perithecium spherical or near spherical, orifice, slightly raised for milk Head shape, and the peripheral edge of the orifice has long bristles. Each perithecium ships can produce 50 to 100 ascus up to 242. ASCUS colorless, cylindrical Shape, size (55µm ~ 75µm) x (6µm ~ 12µm), with a short handle, thin cell wall. Sub capsule generally have eight ascospores ascus spore Sub-oval, the two sizes of cells, small cells above and slightly sharp, large, round cells below, ascospore size (11µm ~ 15µm) x (5µm ~ 7µm), for the green-brown when ripe.

D. 5 Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Virus is an isometric symmetrical spheroid diameter 23nm, 25nm and 27nm, without capsule. Some mitochondria prevail isometric globose to short stick (Axial ratio of 1.01 to 1.5), and some strains of virus particles substantially significantly rod (axial ratio greater than 2.2), and some rod-shaped mitochondria up to 70nm, rod The presence and proportion of mitochondria varies by strain. Virus phosphotungstic acid and easy solution, be sure to use a 1% glutaraldehyde.

Purified virus has three components of subsidence, sedimentation coefficient of 95S (B), 72S (T), 90S (M, B and M are required for infection). molecular Volume. 5.2 x 106 ~ 7.3 x 106. CsCl buoyant density is 1.35gcm ~ 3.260gcm, in a ratio of about 1.56 280nm absorption spectrum.

Viral nucleic acid containing 6%, 84% protein, free of lipids.

Viral nucleic acid is single-stranded RNA, three components, namely 3.66kb, 2.50kb, 1.88kb; subunit molecular weight of about 2.5 x 104, 196 amino acid residues.

Virus with moderate immunogenicity with Freund's incomplete adjuvant emulsified virus preparation, injection obtain specific rabbit antiserum. PNRSV Apple mosaic virus (Applemosaicvirus) has some serological relationship. The tobacco streak virus (Tobaccostreakvi- rus), asparagus No. 2 virus (Asparagusvirus2), crude citrus leaf virus (Citrusleafrugosevirus), citrus variegated virus (Citrusvariegationvirus), Elm mottle virus (Elmmottlevirus), Tula apple mosaic virus (Tulareapplemosaic virus) and Lee dwarf virus (Prunedwarfvirus) No serological relationship.

In vitro survival. 0.4d ~ 0.75d (6h ~ 18h), with the concentration varies, within a few minutes of undiluted juice invasive mostly lost; dilute Limit release point 10-2 to 10-3; passivation temperature of 55 °C ~ 62 °C, with the strain varies.

Appendix E (Informative)

Part Field Damage symptoms quarantine pests E. 1 apple aphid In apple aphid wingless viviparous adults and larvae in apples shady branches of healing wounds, cut kerf, shoot, short fruit-side foliage, fruit Stem, calyx and rhizosphere roots or underground, etc. outcrops parasitic hazards. Harm is a large number of bodies back draped with white cotton-like insect body. Sucking sap drawn, consume tree nutrition, weak grower. Killed due to stimulation of the tissue section, become symptoms gall, the gall long break Crack, causing a wound shades of varying sizes, which is more conducive to continued damage and winter. Results apple aphid infestation, seriously affecting apple trees Growth and differentiation, thus the weak grower, age shortened, reducing yield and quality. After the victims saplings, branches dysplasia, delayed result. Secondly, because nodular galls rupture, susceptible to other pests and diseases attack. Fruit serious when the victim, in case of cold or drought, can lead Cause death of the tree. From May to early July and mid-September to October peak occurred, it is the optimum period of field investigations.

E. 2 codling moth Codling moth larvae eats mainly fruit damage, occur each year throughout the range of one to multiple generations. Apple, for example, each generation Most of the newly hatched larvae bore into the interior surface of the fruit from the fruit, early instar larvae feeding below the surface of the fruit pulp, do not grow to the chamber direction Rules bore Road, Third instar larvae enter the chamber species, feeding on fruit seeds. Increase fruit surface with wormholes instar increasing its external often There are a lot of brown frass accumulation. Do a relatively straight bore fruit toward the surface off the road after the larvae mature fruit. Also codling moth larvae Turn damage the fruit habit, a codling moth larvae eats two to four fruits, generally within a fruit just a larva, few cases Status will appear two or even long. By codling moth eats fruit is often easy to fall off, so the insect tends to cause serious damage when large The amount of fruit drop. 2 generations 3 generations per year, overlapping generations in late May to late August is the peak of each generation larvae occur, and this was a field survey The optimum period.

E. 3 fall webworm Fall webworm larvae leaf, silk net curtain to do, and some net curtain up to 1m or more. Larvae cluster net curtain in damage. 1 ~ age 2nd instar larvae only feed on leaf, leaves serious when the whole plant is eaten, leaving only the veins, the entire blade was transparent gauze mesh. 3rd instar larvae begin The blade bite into the notch, the fourth instar larvae begin to split into several small groups, the formation of several net curtain, 4 instar larvae eat more, age 5 after entering the single A feeding binge eating period. During the entire larval food consumption significantly, resulting in plant growing weakness, low resilience, reduce fruit quality, some branches Even whole plant death. 2 generations occur each year in late June to mid July 1st generation larvae peak. In late August to late September for the first 2 generation larvae damage peak. Mid-June and mid-August to late, late is a suitable period of investigation.

E. 4 apple scab You can infect leaves, fruits, flowers and twigs and other parts, but the main damage leaves and fruit, the symptoms on the leaves and fruit are particularly evident. this Disease in mid-May, began late, in mid-July and late July peak incidence is suitable period of field investigations. Leaf. start with a positive lesion hair Students can also occur in the back first. Early lesions yellowish green, after gradient brown, and finally to black; circular or radial, diameter 3mm ~ 6mm or greater; lesion around sharp edges on old leaves more obvious. Lesions on the surface of the dense dark brown to dark green velvet-like mold Floor. It leaves victims serious small, thick, curly or twisted shape. Sometimes a lot of spots on the leaves, and often a few spots fusion, resulting in leaf dry Dry off. In some cases the blade projecting upwardly vesicular lesions. After petiole suffer lesions elongated strip, after the break the host epidermis exposed black Mold, when multiple lesions on the petioles or petiole surround, it can cause defoliation. Fruit. susceptible young fruit, round or oval lesions, beginning as a pale green Color, after gradient brown to black, velvet-like surface of the green mold layer, with the fruit enlargement, the disease gradually recessed portion, hardening, cracking. After the development of the young fruit infected by that Hindrance was abnormal. Fruit maturity injured lesion is small and dense, black or brown, the stratum corneum is not broken. Victimization stems and petioles similar shape.

Inflorescence. bacteria can abuse petals, sepals tip discolor. After the victim was black stalk, causing shattering. Branches. branches seldom dye Disease, but when conditions are right, then shoots may be infected, infected branches at the end point, a small lesion, the lesion disappeared after the shoots grow, especially in susceptible Variety, sometimes resulting shoots vesicular enlargement.

Appendix F (Normative)

Pest Identification Report Sample Table F. 1 Pest Identification Report Sample Numbering.

Plant Names cultivar name Plant growth of the number of samples Sampling site Source sample submission date inspection person Tel inspection unit Detection and identification methods.

Detection and identification results. Remarks. Appraiser (Signed).

Approved by (signature)

Identification Seal. year month day

Note: This triplicate testing unit, examined units and quarantine agencies each.

Appendix G (Informative)

Pesticide treatment methods - Part quarantine pests G. 1 apple aphid Heating dichlorvos fumigation. The volume of polyethylene plastic shed 1m3 sub-three grid, bottom grid from the ground 10cm, each spacing 30cm. Each grid apple scion put 3 to 4 bundles of bundles (each bundle should not be more than 150). A corner of the studio put a tripod, put a shelf of canned Box, box 80% dichlorvos EC injection 50mL, put a frame following an alcohol burner 5min ~ 10min, so that liquid to evaporate. in After all at the greenhouse temperature can be 36 °C conditions, fumigation 30min, then put in the shade 4h kill apple aphid.

Dichlorvos immersion method. with 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times dilution, at a liquid temperature of 25 °C ~ 30 °C conditions, soak 5min ~ 10min, removed after 18h can be put in the shade all kill apple aphid.

G. 2 codling moth Methyl bromide fumigation. In addition to individual species sensitive to methyl bromide Guoguang, Japanese brocade, which for most fruit and packaging materials are applicable, Fumigation specific dose of 48g 10 °C ~ 15 °C time; 15.5 °C ~ 20.5 °C when 40g; 21 °C ~ 26 °C when 32g; 26.5 °C ~ 31.5 °C when 24g; fumigation times are 2h.

Cryogenic refrigeration process. 20d ~ 30d refrigerated at -4 °C ~ -10 °C conditions, can kill the first, second instar larvae and most of the part Third instar larvae at about 0 °C refrigerated conditions 30d can kill all the eggs. The manner of aging larvae ineffective.

Heat treatment. temperature 48 °C, relative humidity of 98%, or a temperature of 44 °C, relative humidity of 100% for the system in a water bath at Li fruit 4h ~ 8h, codling moth larvae can make up to 100% mortality. However, the law for some fruits are not poor heat resistance Be a...