GB 47501-2026Rotating electrical machines - Safety technical specification (English PDF)

4.2 Design Factors

4.2.1 The danger of excessive motor temperature rise or inability to function properly due to motor design errors or unreasonable design.

4.2.2 Damage to structural components and fasteners may occur due to errors or unreasonable design of the motor structure, such as insufficient strength or rigidity of structural components or fasteners. Invalid.

4.2.3 The exposed rotating parts of the motor lack effective protective devices or measures (if the motor is an integral part of other equipment). The danger caused by the structure of the equipment (the protective devices or protective measures of which should be provided by the structure of the equipment).

4.2.4 Dangers caused by malfunctions due to improper design and selection of motor protection devices (if sometimes).

4.2.5 Dangers caused by improper design of motor lifting devices.

4.3 Manufacturing Factors

4.3.1 The manufacturing and processing of key components of the motor did not meet the design requirements.

4.3.2 The performance of the materials and purchased components used in the manufacture of the motor does not meet the design requirements.

4.3.3 The finished motor does not meet the product standard requirements or is not inspected in accordance with the product standard provisions.

4.3.4 The motor manufacturing process does not meet the requirements of the relevant process documents.

4.4 Factors such as operation and usage

4.4.1 Potential dangers arising from improper motor installation, operating environment, or operation.

4.4.2 The dangers that may be caused by the motor operating beyond the specified overload.

4.4.3 The user may cause danger if the motor's overheat, overcurrent, overvoltage and other protection devices (if sometimes) are not properly selected.

4.4.4 Failure to use, repair, maintain, or care for the motor as specified in the instruction manual, or arbitrary removal, alteration of parts, or addition or removal of auxiliary devices, may result in... The danger it causes.

5.1 Basic Requirements

5.1.1 The motor shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 755, GB/T 5226.1 and relevant product standards, and shall be able to operate normally.

5.1.2 Additional devices integrated with the motor (such as capacitors, centrifugal switches, thermal protectors, brakes, and control devices) are considered as... A part of an electric motor.

5.2 Motor Housing

5.2.1 The materials of any components on the motor housing should be able to withstand the high temperatures and mechanical stresses that may occur under normal operating conditions, and should not... Bending, creeping, and deformation can lead to fire and electric shock hazards.

5.2.2 When a drain hole is required for the motor, the drainage measures adopted should prevent water accumulation inside the motor, thereby reducing the need for windings and exposed live parts. Electrical clearances and creepage distances to ground. The installation of drain holes should comply with GB/T 4942.

5.2.3 When the motor is an integral component of other equipment, the functions of the motor's frame and housing (including the junction box) can be derived from the functions of that equipment. The structure of the equipment is determined.

5.2.4 Except for open-type motors, to prevent contact with exposed live parts with AC voltage above 36V or DC voltage above 50V, ensure that their surfaces are properly sealed. The panel or cover can only be opened with tools or a key.

5.2.5 The structure of the motor should have sufficient strength. For motors with non-metallic housings, they should also have heat resistance and flame retardancy.

5.2.6 The motor shall have good enclosure protection, and its enclosure protection classification shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 4942 and shall be clearly specified in the product standard. For integrated motor drive systems with combined drive and control, the overall structure should also comply with the provisions of GB/T 4208.

5.3 Junction Box and Wiring Device

5.3.1 A motor junction box can be a separate component mounted outside the motor, or it can be partially or entirely part of the motor housing. Motor Junction Box The internal cavity should have sufficient space for easy wiring, and its electrical clearances and creepage distances should comply with GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711 or The provisions of standards such as GB/T 3836.3.

5.3.2 Junction boxes should be sturdy and durable, and their installation should be secure, free from harmful deformation and loosening. If the junction box is made of metal, it should pass... Test 5.13.4; if made of non-metallic materials, it shall pass test 5.16.

5.3.3 The enclosure protection level of the junction box shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 4942 or relevant product standards.

5.3.4 The wiring device of the motor junction box shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12350, GB/T 14711, or GB/T 3836.1, etc. It facilitates wiring and meets the requirements for safe use.

5.3.5 The motor terminal block should be flame-retardant, possess sufficient insulation resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical strength, and should be securely installed and in use. The connection should not loosen during the process; the terminal block should have clear, complete, and durable terminal markings, and there should be sufficient connection between any two terminals and between any terminal and ground. It shall withstand the corresponding withstand voltage test and comply with the provisions of standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.

5.3.6 Motor terminals shall be made of a metal material with good electrical conductivity and possess sufficient mechanical strength. The terminals shall be securely connected. Therefore, its structure should ensure good conductivity and sufficient contact pressure, as well as the expected current-carrying capacity, while also meeting electrical clearance requirements. Creepage distance regulations. This refers to the conductive connection bolt-type terminal of an external power cable (wire) using a screw (bolt), nut, or similar device. The connecting screws (bolts), nuts, etc., of the terminal block should conform to the relevant standards. Bolt-type terminals for wire connections should not be used to fix other components. What parts?

5.4 Grounding device

5.4.1 Motors shall have protective grounding devices (except for motors with special provisions) and shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.

5.4.2 Protective grounding terminals shall not be used for any other purpose besides protective grounding.

5.4.3 There should be a permanent, reliable, and good electrical connection between the protective grounding device and the motor base. This connection should be maintained when the motor moves on the equipment base. Afterwards, the protective grounding conductor should still be reliably connected.

5.5 Mechanical Assembly and Parts

5.5.1 The motor assembly should be firm and reliable to prevent the vibration of the motor during normal operation from having a harmful effect.

5.5.2 Motors with commutators and slip rings should be equipped with easily removable monitoring windows, and brush covers should be tightened or otherwise prevented from loosening. The connecting wires and terminals of the brush holder should maintain good electrical contact, and the structure of the brush holder assembly should ensure that the brush can operate normally. In operation, brushes, springs and other parts should not cause nearby non-energized metal parts to become energized or come into contact with energized parts.

5.5.3 When the motor is equipped with lifting rings or similar devices for hoisting the motor, they shall have sufficient mechanical strength and comply with GB/T 825. Regulation.

5.5.4 If the motor contains capacitors, switches, or similar devices, they should be securely installed and easily replaceable. Capacitors should be housed in a protective cover and not... It should be kept away from easily accessible metal parts. If the capacitor casing is metal, additional insulation should be used to separate it from easily accessible metal parts. Separately, the capacitor or its additional casing should prevent fragments from flying, sparks from or melting of materials in the event of capacitor failure.

5.5.5 Non-metallic materials in motors and components made therefrom, such as terminal blocks, commutators, slip rings, brush holders, centrifugal switches, etc. Components such as fans, fan covers, junction boxes, and housings should be heat-resistant and flame-retardant, and should comply with GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711. According to the regulations.

5.5.6 The relevant regulations for connecting parts used for mechanical or electrical connections in motors are as follows:

a) It can withstand the mechanical stress generated during normal normal use. Screws (bolts), nuts, and other parts in the connecting components should not be made of pure... Manufactured from soft pure metals such as zinc and pure aluminum, or metal materials that are prone to creep.

b) Screws used for mechanical connections between different parts, if also serving an electrical connection function, should be reliably locked to prevent loosening. The accident was caused by overheating and increased contact voltage.

c) Rivets used for electrical connections, if susceptible to torque during normal use, should be locked to prevent rotation. They should be fitted with spring washers (or similar). Similar objects, non-circular rivet rods, or other methods that prevent the rivet from rotating after connection are all considered to provide good locking.

5.5.7 When the motor has a power cord, a power cord extending beyond the motor frame (casing) should be provided for easy connection to other equipment. The plug for connecting to the power supply line (if necessary) shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.

5.6 Internal wiring

5.6.1 The internal wiring of the motor consists of internal leads other than those for the windings. These leads must be securely connected to the windings and terminals, and must be properly and undamaged. The lead wire should be securely fixed and not loose or detached. The lead wire should meet current carrying capacity requirements and have an appropriate length. Lead wires with multi-strand conductors should be connected to the terminal block. When using terminals, care should be taken to prevent tangled multi-strand wires from grounding or short-circuiting.

5.6.2 The connection points of internal leads shall be securely fixed with compliant insulating sleeves/insulating tapes or similar equivalent measures to prevent motor operation. It is designed to prevent dangerous accidents caused by loose bushings and detached joints, and can withstand the withstand voltage test specified in 5.12.1.

5.6.3 Internal wiring should be well insulated, and lead wires used for internal wiring of the motor should conform to relevant standards; the rated value of insulated wires used as lead wires should meet the relevant standards. The voltage should not be lower than the maximum operating voltage of the motor lead wires; its heat resistance rating should not be lower than the motor's thermal classification. If the motor lead wires... The coil has an insulating sleeve with a thermal rating no lower than that of the motor, and the length of the insulating sleeve should at least cover the length of the portion in contact with the winding. (Lead wire) The minimum heat resistance temperature shall comply with the relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.

5.6.4 Lead wires passing through the external cooling chamber of a fully enclosed motor should be protected with metal bellows or equivalent materials to prevent damage. When leading wires... When a wire passes through a metal hole, it shall also be insulated from the housing at the hole by an insulating bushing or other effective measures in accordance with the provisions of 5.7.2.

5.7 Electrical insulation

5.7.1 For leads such as windings and brush holders, which are relatively soft and cannot be positioned to ensure proper electrical clearance, insulated conductors or... The two support points are continuously wrapped with heat- and moisture-resistant insulating material, such as insulating pads, flexible insulating tubes, or other suitable materials.

5.7.2 When a conductor passes through an opening in the motor housing, it shall be provided with an insulator or other insulator conforming to GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711. The effective material should be fixed at the opening, and its surface should be smooth and round, without burrs, sharp edges, etc., and it should be reliably fixed.

5.8 Insulation Structure

5.8.1 The heat resistance rating of the motor insulation structure shall not be lower than the final operating temperature of the motor windings under normal operating conditions.

5.8.2 The insulation structure of the motor shall be proven by operational experience or evaluated by the insulation structure functional test.

5.8.3 The functional evaluation of the motor insulation structure shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711 and other standards.

5.8.4 The ability of the insulation structure of the motor powered by the frequency converter to withstand high-frequency pulse voltage shall comply with the relevant standards.

5.8.5 The functional evaluation of the insulation structure of large-scale hydroelectric and thermal power equipment shall comply with the relevant product standards.

5.9 Insulation resistance The cold or hot insulation resistance value of the motor windings shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711 or relevant product standards.

5.10 Contact Current The contact current of the motor at operating temperature shall comply with the relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.

5.11 Thermal Test The thermal test of the motor shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711, and its temperature rise or temperature limit shall comply with the relevant product specifications. The provisions of the standard.

5.12 Dielectric Strength

5.12.1 The motor insulation shall have sufficient dielectric strength and shall be able to withstand the withstand voltage test specified in GB/T 755 without breakdown or flashover. During the test, safety precautions should be taken to prevent personnel from touching the test circuit and the motor under test.

5.12.2 The inter-turn insulation impulse withstand voltage test of the motor windings shall be conducted in accordance with the relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711. It will proceed as scheduled.

5.12.3 The impulse withstand voltage test to ground of the motor windings, terminal blocks and other insulating components to the casing (ground) shall be conducted in accordance with relevant standards such as GB/T 14711. The standard stipulates that it shall be carried out.

5.13 Mechanical Strength

5.13.1 Overspeed test The rotating parts of the motor shall be subjected to an overspeed test in accordance with GB/T 755.After the test, there shall be no permanent abnormal deformation or obstruction. Other defects in normal motor operation; the wound rotor windings should meet the requirements of the withstand voltage test after the test.

5.13.2 Short-time over-torque test of electric motor The electric motor shall be tested for short-time over-torque as specified in GB/T 755 without experiencing sudden speed changes, stalling, or harmful deformation.

5.13.3 Shell Test The non-metallic housing of the motor shall undergo a mechanical strength test, and the test method shall be in accordance with relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711. According to the standard, the casing should not be damaged after the test, which would affect its continued use, and should meet the requirements of 5.9,

5.13.4 Static pressure test of junction box The motor junction box should be judged by static pressure test according to relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.After the test, the wiring... The box should be free from damage and deformation, and the electrical clearances and creepage distances should comply with relevant standards such as GB/T 12350, GB/T 14711, or GB/T 3836.3. The provisions of the standard.

5.13.5 Incoming conductor thread strength test Rigid metal inlet conduits shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards such as GB/T 14711.

5.13.6 Terminal Strength Test Terminal blocks and terminals should have sufficient mechanical strength and rigidity, in accordance with relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711. It should not be damaged after the tightening torque test.

5.13.7 Test of clamping device for lead-in flexible cable The clamping device for the flexible cable should be tested according to relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.After the test, the flexible cable... The cable should not rotate, and the relative displacement between the clamped part and the clamping position of the lead cable should not exceed 2mm.

5.14 Damp heat test The motor should be able to withstand the damp conditions that may occur during normal use and should be manufactured in accordance with relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711. For motors with a stator outer diameter not exceeding 1000mm, a full-machine test should be performed; for motors with a stator outer diameter exceeding 1000mm, a simulation test should be conducted. The sample is tested. After the test, the hot insulation resistance of the motor should meet the requirements of 5.9, and it should pass the withstand voltage test specified in 5.12.1. The test voltage value should be 85% of the value specified in GB/T 755. The requirements for humid environmental conditions of large-scale hydroelectric and thermal power equipment should comply with the relevant product standards.

5.15 Corrosion Resistance

5.15.1 To avoid oxidation and corrosion of metal parts (the consequences of corrosion may lead to limited functionality, shortened lifespan, and endangerment of motor safety). These parts (etc.) should be painted, coated, electroplated, or otherwise treated to ensure adequate corrosion resistance. For metal parts within the housing... For parts such as bearings and laminations, if oxidation is not significant when exposed to air, anti-corrosion treatment is not required.

5.15.2 For parts whose corrosion resistance may be deteriorated, testing should be conducted in accordance with relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711. After testing, there should be no traces of oxidation or rust on the surface of the parts, but rust on sharp edges and any removable pale yellow film are negligible.

5.16 Non-metallic parts

5.16.1 Heat resistance and deformation Non-metallic materials (excluding ceramic materials) in motors and their components, such as junction boxes, terminal blocks, cooling fans, and exterior shrouds, should be... It has sufficient resistance to heat deformation. Ball compression testing should be conducted according to the requirements of relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.

5.16.2 Combustion Test Non-metallic materials (excluding ceramic materials) in motors and their components such as junction boxes, terminal blocks, cooling fans, and external shrouds should have the following characteristics. Flame retardancy shall be determined by fire hazard test or glow wire test in accordance with relevant standards such as GB/T 12350 or GB/T 14711.

5.16.3 Resistance to tracking The insulating material for live parts installed in the motor, and the insulating material between live parts and adjacent non-live metal parts, should have [specific properties]. It has resistance to tracking. The tracking resistance index and relative tracking index should be determined according to the relevant standards such as GB/T 4207.

5.16.4 Aging Test

5.17 Clearance and Creepage Distance The electrical clearances and creepage distances between live parts and between live and non-live parts in the motor structure shall comply with relevant standards. According to the regulations, different voltage levels and product categories shall be handled in accordance with standards such as GB/T 12350, GB/T 14711, or GB/T 3836.3. Conduct the experiment.

5.18 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) The electromagnetic compatibility of the motor shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 755.

5.19 Special Requirements for Lifting and Metallurgical Electric Machines It should comply with the provisions of GB/T 47160.

5.20 Special Requirements for Shielded Motors It should comply with the provisions of GB/T 47160.

5.21 Special requirements for explosion-proof motors It should comply with the provisions of standards such as GB/T 3836.1, GB/T 3836.2 and GB/T 3836.3.

7.1 Basic Requirements

7.1.1 The test procedures and ambient temperature of the inspection items shall comply with the relevant regulations; the instruments, tools, and equipment used in the inspection shall meet the relevant requirements. According to the required accuracy level, measuring instruments should be traceable and ultimately traceable to the national metrological standard.

7.1.2 The test and evaluation results shall be issued by nationally recognized institutions with corresponding capabilities.

7.2 Sampling

7.2.1 The products sampled for inspection should be those sold on the market and that have passed the manufacturer's self-inspection.

7.2.2 The products to be sampled and inspected should be those manufactured no more than one year ago.

7.2.3 Random sampling shall be used for product sampling, and the number of samples shall be selected according to the following method.

7.3 Test Items and Methods

7.3.1 The safety performance testing items for motor products shall be as specified in Table

1.The items listed are not applicable to any motor within the scope of this document. The selection and implementation of safety performance testing items for motor products should comply with the provisions of the relevant product standards.

7.3.2 When all the tested items comply with the provisions of this document, the motor is deemed to have qualified safety performance.