MZ/T 126-2019Transformation guidelines of geographical names from foreign languages into Chinese: Burmese (English PDF)

5.1 Chinese Character Translation

5.1.1 Transliteration of proper names (including proper names).

5.1.2 Distinguished names of syllables are generally composed of consonants (combination) and vowels (combination).

5.1.3 The connection symbol "-" is deleted during translation. The syllables after the connection word are pronounced separately, and are generally not combined with the preceding letters.

5.1.4 Two identical consonants are translated as one consonant (except those that can be spelled separately with the preceding and following letters).

5.1.5 Consonants f can be spelled according to the International Phonetic Alphabet.

5.1.6 The ending consonants t, p, k, h, r are not translated.

5.1.7 T, k, p, h after vowels are not pronounced when consonants follow.

5.1.9 Vocabulary commonly used in proper names is translated according to a fixed translation method (see Appendix A).

5.1.10 The proper name named after the person's name with the title or appellation shall be translated according to the commonly used name and appellation table (see Appendix B).

5.1.11 Paraphrasing of modifiers in proper names (such as orientation, size, etc.) (see Appendix C).

5.1.12 Unusually used Chinese place names are usually no longer retained and re-translated according to Table 1. For some already widely used, have a certain calendar Chinese place names in historical significance may be marked with parentheses after translation. Conventional names can be included as a sub-name after the translated name.

5.1.13 An example of the translation and writing of Chinese characters for geographical names is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Example of translation of Myanmar place names

Table 2 (continued)

5.2 Translation of Chinese Characters

5.2.2 When a proper name is a single syllable, the common name is transliterated plus free translation, regardless of whether the common name is before or after the proper name.

5.2.3 When there is only a proper name and it is a single syllable, it can be split into two characters or added with a common geographical name according to its geographical attributes.

5.2.4 When the proper name is not monosyllabic, if the general name is at the beginning or end of the word, the general name is transliterated; if the general name is in the word, the general name is transliterated plus free translation.

5.2.5 If the words in the proper name are the same as the common name, the words in the proper name are transliterated and the common name is translated.

5.2.6 When a geographical name has a common geographical name in more than two languages (official and minority languages), the official name is translated freely.

Generic transliteration of several languages.

5.2.7 There are two general names of different attributes in place names, which should be translated according to the specific geographic entity type.

5.2.8 Only the names of geographical entities with proper names, and the corresponding general names shall be added when translating Chinese characters.

5.2.9 An example of the translation of Chinese characters for geographical names is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Example of general translation of place names in Burmese

Table 3 (continued)

Table A.1 Transliteration of common vocabulary in place names in Burmese

Burmese Roman Transliteration Transliteration byaing ban chaung hei hkwang Marina hnget ai hwan huan hwei kwai wye kwan off loi rai kwang light myit dense myo shwe rui nyaung yain yaan tsi Qi Appendix B (Normative appendix) Common names and titles in Burmese names

Table B.1 List of commonly used names and titles in Burmese names

Table C.1 List of commonly used modifiers in place names in Burmese

Table D.1 List of commonly used names in Burmese names (in alphabetical order)

Table D.1 (continued)

Table D.1 (continued)

Table D.1 (continued)

Table D.1 (continued)

Table E.1 Transliteration of Burmese and Roman letters

Table E.1 (continued)