MH/T 4048-2017Specifications for visual aeronautical chart(1: 500 000) and visual terminal chart(1: 250 000) (English PDF)

3.1 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

3.1.1

Visual aeronautical chart in order to meet the requirements of pilots under visual flight rules, use the ground environment as the main navigation method to implement mid-to-low altitude, low-speed, short-range or medium-range flight A 1.500,000 visual flight aeronautical chart edited and produced according to the requirements of time-to-time aerial visual piloting.

3.1.2

Visual terminal chart in order to meet the needs of navigation and positioning, a more detailed description of the airport and nearby areas in the visual aeronautical map is a 1.250 000 visual flight navigation system.

Empty graph.

3.1.3

Visual check point

Key landmarks for instant positioning on aeronautical charts and ground.

3.1.4

Pictorial symbol

An aeronautical chart symbol that describes prominent humanistic features through three-dimensional perspective drawing.

Note. The use of unique aeronautical chart elements such as pictograms can improve the recognition of ground features. When an area lacks natural features as a visual navigation check During the check, the artificial features represented by pictograms can be used as visual navigation check points.

3.1.5

Water

All natural and man-made elements composed of water bodies.

Note. According to the perennial and temporary characteristics of the water bodies in these elements, the water systems are divided into perennial water systems and non-perennial water systems. Usually, if most of the year If there is water in the interim, it is the perennial water system; if there is water for only a small portion of the time, it is the non-annual water system; the non-annual water system sometimes causes the water system and the dry water system.

3.1.6

Open water

All coastal hydrological feature elements and related water body elements whose shoreline is above the average water level.

Examples. bays, straits, shoals and large river mouths, etc.; some large lakes are also recognized as "open waters", such as Qinghai Lake, Hongze Lake, Taihu and so on.

3.1.7

Inland open water

Water bodies other than open waters.

3.1.8

Contour

A closed curve formed by connecting adjacent points with equal elevations on the map.

3.1.9

Standard contour

Standard contour

Calculate and plot contour lines from 0 o'clock according to the basic contour distance.

[MH/T 4019-2012, definition 3.2] 3.1.10 Index contour in order to facilitate the calculation of elevation, the contour lines are drawn boldly.

Note. Usually every four basic contour lines draw a curve.

[MH/T 4019-2012, definition 3.3] 3.1.11 Half interval contour Complementary surveying and mapping between two adjacent basic contours is used to represent the contours of important parts that the basic contours cannot reflect.

Note. The adopted contour distance is 1/2 of the basic contour distance.

[MH/T 4019-2012, definition 3.4] 3.1.12 Help curve quarter interval contour Contour lines surveyed at any height.

Note. The adopted contour distance is 1/4 of the basic contour distance.

[MH/T 4019-2012, definition 3.5] 3.1.13 Dry out beach foreshore the tidal zone between the coastline and the trunk line is submerged by seawater at high tide and exposed at low tide.

3.1.14

Offshore

An area that extends from the low water mark to the sea for an indefinite distance, or an area that will not be exposed to the water at any time.

3.1.15

Aerodrome elevation

The elevation of the highest point in the landing zone.

[MH/T 4023-2007, Chapter 1] 3.1.16 Flight information region the space delineated for the provision of flight information services and warning services.

[From Article 85 of CCAR-93TM-R4] 3.1.17 Class B airspace the space above the lowest altitude below 6 600 m (excluding) in my country is divided into several medium and low altitude controlled airspaces. here Aircraft flying in the airspace can fly in accordance with instrument flight rules. If the conditions of the visual flight rules are met, the aircraft pilot's application Please, and approved by the low and medium altitude control room, you can also fly in accordance with the visual flight rules and receive air traffic control services.

[From Article 92 of CCAR-93TM-R4] 3.1.18 Class C airspace it is usually a controlled airspace set up at the confluence of air routes near one or several airports to facilitate the arrival and departure of aircraft flying. It is category B the connecting part between airspace and Class D airspace. If an aircraft flying in this airspace meets the conditions of the visual flight rules, the aircraft the pilot applies and is approved by the approach control room to fly in accordance with the visual flight rules and receive air traffic control services.

[From CCAR-93TM-R4 Article 93] 3.1.19 Class D airspace it usually includes the flight path, the first holding level (inclusive) and the space above the earth's surface and the airport maneuvering area. In this airspace If the aircraft flying in the interior meets the visual flight rules, upon application by the pilot of the aircraft and approval by the tower controller, the Flight rules and accept air traffic control services.

[From CCAR-93TM-R4 Article 94] 3.1.20 Reporting airspace Aviation users report flight plans, notify the air traffic control department of the time of take-off and landing, and organize and implement them by themselves.

The airspace where aeronautical information services are provided.

3.1.21

Surveillance airspace Aviation users submit flight plans, air traffic control departments monitor flight dynamics, and provide flight information and warning services in the airspace.

3.1.22

Restricted area

A delineated airspace where aircraft is prohibited from flying in a country's land area or territorial sea.

[MH/T 4044-2015, definition 3.1.20] 3.1.23 Restricted area in a country's land area or territorial airspace, a delineated airspace in which an aircraft is restricted from flying in accordance with prescribed conditions.

[MH/T 4044-2015, definition 3.1.19] 3.1.24 Danger area A delineated airspace that may endanger aircraft flight activities within a certain period of time.

[MH/T 4044-2015, definition 3.1.18] 3.1.25 Air defense identification zone According to the airspace specially delineated within a certain range, in this airspace, in addition to the relevant procedures for the provision of air traffic services, the aircraft must also comply with Follow specific identification and/or reporting procedures.

[MH/T 4044-2015, definition 3.1.21] 3.1.26 Maximum elevation figures Based on the altitude of the highest terrain and obstacles (towers, trees, etc.) in the grid area enclosed by the longitude and latitude lines, the error and the the value obtained after the adjustment.

3.1.27

Flight services station an organization that provides services such as flight planning, aeronautical information, aeronautical meteorology, flight information, warning, and rescue assistance for general aviation flights.

3.1.28

Remote communications outlet Remotely controlled by air traffic personnel, serving the flight service station, using VHF for air traffic controllers and general aviation the pilot provides ground-to-ground communications (including sending en-route clearance, issuing take-off permission, confirming cancellation of instrument flight rules, confirming takeoff and Landing time, etc.), facilities that provide ground-air advisory services to aircraft located under the coverage of the ground-air frequency.

3.1.29

Aviation information desk universal communications Set up at the airport to provide non-governmental communication facilities such as weather information, runway information, and airport information.

3.1.30

Common traffic advisory frequency when the airport does not have a tower or the tower is not working, the frequency of providing airport advisory services for approaching and departing aircraft.

Note. The frequency of public transportation consultation can be the frequency of aviation consultation desk, flight service station frequency or tower frequency.

3.1.31

Hazardous inflight weather advisory service the flight service station continuously broadcasts the recorded aerial dangerous weather forecast service through the selected VOR port.

3.1.32

Automatic terminal information service 24 hours a day or within a specific time period, through an automated system, provide real-time air traffic services related to the arrival and departure aircraft intelligence.

3.1.33

Pantone matching system A color gamut system composed of 9 primary colors and 5 metallic colors developed by Pantone.

3.1.34

Screen tone

The tone of the picture expressed by the dot size.

3.1.35

Color separation

The process of decomposing color printed documents into individual monochrome versions.

3.1.36

Fold

For the convenience of carrying and reading, the aeronautical chart is folded into accordion-like folding pages from left to right according to certain specifications.

Note. The leftmost flap on the front of the aeronautical chart is the cover page.

3.2 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations apply to this document.

4.1 Aeronautical chart quality

4.1.1 The data should be updated in time to ensure the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of the aeronautical chart.

4.1.2 The VAC and VTC should be drawn in accordance with the element diagrams given in Appendix A to Appendix I to achieve the best operating effect.

4.1.3 The amount of information of each element in the map should meet the operational requirements, and the accuracy of the location of the landmark and the similarity of the shape should be maintained to the greatest extent. Aeronautical chart the center and position of the symbol should usually be consistent with the object it represents; all linear features (such as roads, railways, power lines, rivers) it should be drawn according to the true orientation, as long as the scale permits, its actual pattern and trend should be maintained. Unless the elements are parallel and close to each other, Necessary offsets and adjustments (for example. in order to use appropriate symbols to represent feature elements, the area where it is located needs to be exaggerated, that is, to flatten the true center of the line feature elements is the same offset as the reference as a whole, while adjusting the contour), but the offset and adjustment should be controlled to a minimum.

4.1.4 Try to make the adjacent aeronautical chart elements and data accurately connect, but should not change the real position of the elements or use any aeronautical chart for this purpose.

Means of data distortion.

4.2 Naming of Aeronautical Charts

It should be named after the most important or more prominent towns within the scope of the map, and uninhabited areas can be named with geographical features.

4.3 Coverage and framing

4.3.1 VAC should cover the entire Chinese territory, see Appendix J for details.

4.3.2 Each VAC is limited by the coordinates of the four corners. See Appendix K for details.

4.3.3 The drawing scope of VTC shall meet the needs of flight and control, and shall be determined by the production unit after communication with the user.

4.4 Picture frame decoration

4.4.1 The printed product of VAC should meet the requirements of Appendix L.

4.4.2 The printed products of VTC shall meet the requirements of Appendix M.

4.4.3 Refer to Appendix N and Appendix O for the covers of VAC and VTC.

4.5 Outline information

4.5.1 VAC

4.5.1.1 Front (north)

The information placed on the cover page includes. aeronautical chart name, legend, projection and horizontal datum notes, two-dimensional code, product barcode, framing request Citation icons, contour annotation information, maximum elevation value of the drawing, elevation point symbol annotation, color bar and corresponding contour value, conversion of meters and feet Slide rule, visual navigation checkpoint legend and notes, issuing agency logo and name, website.

4.5.1.2 The reverse side (south) the information placed in the margins along the east-west direction includes.

a) The revision description is placed in the comment box. If there is not enough space, it can be placed under the name of the chart on the front;

b) The scale of kilometers and nautical miles, covering the full length of the drawing area from east to west;

c) Airport tower communication list, arranged in alphabetical order of airport name. The specific content includes the name of the airport, the main frequency of the tower and the opening Play time, ATIS frequency (if applicable). The frequency should be arranged in ascending order. The towers that are open during part of the time should be marked with an asterisk;

When necessary, ASR and PAR should also be marked;

d) The list of restricted areas, dangerous areas and restricted areas, arranged in alphabetical order. Specific content includes upper and lower limits, restricted time, and location FIR code, area type (P, D, R) and serial number;

e) If environmental protection areas are drawn, the flight regulations in these areas should be indicated;

f) Mark the name of the aeronautical chart (town name or geographical feature name) in the lower left or right corner;

g) Mark the following in the comment box. "Warning. The main purpose of making this aeronautical chart is to help aircraft pilots implement visual guidance.

Voyage. This aeronautical chart cannot plot all power lines, communication lines, and ground lines that may endanger flight safety when flying below a safe and reasonable altitude.

Shape or obstacle";

h) Mark the name, address, telephone, fax, e-mail address, and website of the issuing institution in the comment box;

i) Mark the description of MEF in the comment box;

j) Mark the common communication frequency used by all FSS in the comment box.

4.5.2 VTC

Refer to the provisions of VAC (see 4.5.1), which can be appropriately selected.

4.6 Connection diagram

4.6.1 In order to provide enough overlap to meet the drawing needs, when drawing VAC, some margin should be left along the east and north limit lines.

4.6.2 Each VAC should draw the overlapping content of the east and north and extend to 2.5 cm beyond the cutting line, and the content of the west and south it should not exceed the boundary defined by the latitude and longitude lines.

4.7 Symbols and notes

The symbols and notes used by VAC and VTC shall comply with the requirements of Appendix A to Appendix I.

4.8 Element color separation

4.8.1 The geographical and human elements represented in black are.

--Boundaries (solid line part);

--Administrative division boundaries and names;

-Residential area outline or symbol;

--Names and characters of residential areas and humanities elements;

-Railway and related features and characters;

-Highways and related features and characters;

--pipeline;

-Power or communication lines;

-Storage tanks for water, gas and oil;

--The symbol of the wrecked ship (aircraft);

-Various humanistic elements and words represented by other symbols;

-Contour lines and numerical values (except snow mountain contour lines);

-Elevation point symbol and elevation value;

-Crater and mountain pass symbols;

-Geographical name and notes on geographic information;

-Various geomorphic elements and notes indicated by other symbols;

--Man-made facilities in hydrological elements (man-made reservoir shoreline, dams, port facilities, etc.);

-Dry ditch;

- Dry out the beach, dry out line, sandbar;

--Water conveyance aqueduct;

--reef;

-Pictograms and corresponding landmarks and words;

- Pictographic obstacle symbols and words with significant visual reference value;

-Longitude and latitude lines and their scale lines, latitude and longitude values;

--External notes, legends and scales of the outline;

--Figure outline;

-Visual navigation checkpoint text (when applicable);

---Shaded relief.

4.8.2 The hydrological elements indicated in blue are.

--All hydrological elements (except man-made facilities), including perennial and non-perennial hydrological elements;

--Names and other characters of hydrological elements;

--The elevation value of rivers and lakes;

-Open water;

--Inland waters;

--swamp;

--Natural shoreline;

-Salt fields and rice fields;

-Non-seasonal hydrological features filled with dots;

-Glaciers (ice peaks, ice cliffs, moraines) and text;

-Snow mountain contours.

4.8.3 The human element represented in red is. national border (ribbon part).

4.8.4 The human elements represented in yellow are. residential areas drawn on a scale.

4.8.5 The aviation elements indicated in blue are.

-Aviation navigation lights and text;

--Marine navigation beacon and text;

-Obstacles and text;

-Airport and text (when applicable);

-Arrival and departure routes and text;

--FIR, CTA, control sector and text;

--RNAV route and text;

--VOR route and text;

-Navigation facilities and text (except NDB);

-Forbidden area, dangerous area, restricted area and text;

--Environmental protection zone and text;

-Class B airspace and text;

-Class D airspace and text;

--Civilian radio stations and text;

-Compass symbol;

--Connect diagram sym...