MH/T 4038-2013L band primary surveillance radar for ATC.Technical requirement (English PDF)

3.1 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions established in MH/T 4017-2004 apply to this document.

3.1.1

Swerling 1 targets

The echo pulses during each scan of the radar are related, but independent targets are echoed between the two scans.

3.1.2

Ratio of sidelobe to mainlobe in digital pulse compression when using digital pulse compression technology, the main lobe amplitude is the multiple of the maximum side lobe amplitude.

3.1.3

Angular encoder

A conversion device that converts the angular displacement of the antenna shaft into a digital output.

3.2 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations apply to this document.

BITE Build In Test Equipment GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System (Global Navigation Satellite System) LRU field replaceable unit (line replaceable unit) MTD moving target detect STC sensitivity-time control UPS uninterruptible power system (uninterruptible power system)

4.1 Composition

The L-band primary surveillance radar equipment for air traffic control consists of antennas, turntables (rotary joints, motors, shaft encoders, etc.) and feeder systems.

System, transmitter, receiver, signal processor, monitoring and maintenance seats, etc.

4.2 General requirements

4.2.1 The electromagnetic environment around the L-band primary surveillance radar site should meet the requirements of GB 6364.

4.2.2 The obstacle environment around the L-band primary surveillance radar site should meet the requirements of MH/T 4003.

4.2.3 The microwave leakage radiation of the L-band primary surveillance radar indoor equipment should meet the requirements of GB 8702 and GB 10436.

4.2.4 The main equipment that composes the radar (including the transmitting power amplifier drive, receiving unit, signal processing unit, monitoring unit, etc.) should be redundant the remaining configuration can be automatically and manually switched.

4.2.5 The radar adopts an all-coherent, all-solid, and moving target detection system.

4.2.6 The radar should be able to work continuously for 24 hours.

4.2.7 The radar should achieve automatic target admission under all-weather conditions.

4.3 Performance requirements

4.3.1 Working frequency band

The radar operating frequency range should be 1 250 MH z to 1 350 MH z.

4.3.2 Airspace

4.3.2.1 The conditions for calculating the range of action are.

4.3.2.2 The maximum operating distance should not be less than 220 n mile, and the minimum operating distance should not be greater than 1 n mile.

4.3.2.3 The elevation angle coverage range is 0°~40°.

4.3.2.4 The maximum detection height should not be less than 18 000 m.

4.3.3 Distance parameters

4.3.3.1 The range resolution should not be greater than 750 m.

4.3.3.2 The root mean square value of the distance accuracy should not be greater than 120 m.

4.3.4 Bearing parameters

4.3.4.1 The azimuth resolution should not be greater than 3.3°.

4.3.4.2 The root mean square value of the angle measurement accuracy should not be greater than 0.22°.

4.3.5 Anti-interference ability

The system should have the following anti-interference capabilities.

--Anti-asynchronous interference;

--Anti weather clutter;

--The visibility of the target in the clutter is not less than 48 dB.

4.3.6 Meteorological detection capability

The radar equipment should have independent weather channel and redundant channel output, and be able to display the weather profile in the surveillance airspace according to 6 intensity levels.

4.3.7 Target processing capability

When the antenna speed is 5 r/min, the target processing capacity should meet the following requirements.

--The antenna processes about 900 batches of targets per revolution (targets are evenly distributed);

--Process more than 150 batches of targets in 11.25 sectors (targets are evenly distributed).

4.3.8 Assembling ability

4.3.8.1 The circuit design and structure design shall have the ability to be combined with the secondary surveillance radar.

4.3.8.2 It shall have the ability to match primary and secondary radar points and tracks.

4.3.8.3 The pairing success rate should not be less than 95%.

4.3.9 Data interface

The data interface should meet the following conditions.

--Radar equipment can output data through multiple interfaces such as network, RS422 or RS232;

--The port format and data transmission rate can be configured by the user;

--The target and weather data output signal format meets the requirements of MH 4008; for the use of custom data beyond the requirements of MH 4008 Content, give a customized data protocol file.

4.3.10 Power supply

The system should be able to work normally under the power supply conditions of 380 V+/-38 V, 50 Hz+/-2.5 Hz. The total power consumption of the radar should not exceed 50 kW.

4.3.11 Lightning protection

Lightning arresters or lightning protection devices should be installed on power cables and data signal cables entering the building. The equipment should have anti-lightning ability, Meet the requirements of MH/T 4020.

4.3.12 Reliability

The mean time between failures (MTBF) of single-channel radar should not be less than 1 000 h; mission time between fatal failures of the radar system (MTBCF) it should be no less than 30 000 h; the mean time to repair (MTTR) should be no more than 0.5 h.

4.3.13 Self-check function

4.3.13.1 The radar equipment should have a complete BITE function, which can monitor and measure the main performance of the radar system, and carry out the on-line or off-line system fault isolation and diagnosis.

4.3.13.2 The fault detection rate should not be less than 95%.

4.3.13.3 The coverage of fault isolation shall not be less than 95%.

4.3.13.4 More than 90% of the faults should be automatically located to a single LRU.

4.3.13.5 More than 95% of the faults should be automatically located to 3 LRUs.

4.3.13.6 The false alarm rate of faults should not be greater than 5%.

4.3.14 Timing function

Radar equipment should have GNSS time scale receiving capability.

4.3.15 Environmental conditions of the equipment

4.3.15.1 The environmental requirements for the operation of indoor equipment are as follows.

--Working temperature. 0 °C~40 °C;

--Relative humidity. 10%~90%.

4.3.15.2 The environmental requirements for indoor equipment storage are as follows.

--Storage temperature. -55 °C~70 °C;

--Relative humidity. 10%~90%.

4.3.15.3 The outdoor equipment environment shall meet the requirements of 4.4.9.

4.3.15.4 Indoor and outdoor equipment should be able to work normally at an altitude of 3 000 m.

4.4 Technical requirements for antenna feeder system

4.4.1 The polarization mode of the antenna shall include linear polarization and circular polarization. The polarization mode shall be converted by remote control, and the conversion time shall be less than 10 s.

4.4.2 The antenna gain requirements are as follows.

--The gain of the low beam should not be less than 36 dB;

--The gain of the high beam should not be less than 32 dB.

4.4.3 The 3 dB horizontal beamwidth requirements are as follows.

--The low beam should not be greater than 1.25°+/-0.15°;

--The high beam should not be greater than 1.3°+/-0.15°.

4.4.4 The horizontal beam sidelobe level requirements are as follows.

--The maximum side lobe level relative to the main lobe level should not be greater than -27 dB (within ±10°);

--The average sidelobe level relative to the main lobe level should not be greater than -40dB (within ±10°~±180°).

4.4.5 The antenna vertical beam should be divided into high and low beams. Both high and low beams should be shaped beams with sharp cut-off cosecant squares, and 0°~ Continuous coverage of the airspace at an elevation angle of 40°.

4.4.6 The standing wave ratio of the antenna feeder should not be greater than 1.5.

4.4.7 The peak power of the antenna feeder withstand power should not be less than 60 kW, and the average power should not be less than 5.5 kW.

4.4.8 The elevation angle of the radar antenna should be adjustable within the range of -3°~3°.

4.4.9 The main body of the radar antenna (including outdoor equipment) should be able to work normally under the following environmental conditions.

--Environmental temperature. -55 °C~70 °C;

--Relative humidity. 5%~100%;

--Rainfall. precipitation 60 mm/h;

--Hail. diameter 25 mm, wind speed 18 m/s;

--Ice load. radial thickness 1.25 cm;

--Snow load. 240 kg/m2;

--Wind resistance. when the average wind speed is less than 15 m/s, it works normally; when the average wind speed is less than 32 m/s, it is not damaged;

--Salt spray. work in coastal areas.

4.4.10 The requirements for driving the radar antenna are as follows.

--The antenna rotation speed should be 2.5 r/min~10 r/min;

--The minimum resolution of azimuth coding should not be greater than 0.022°;

-There should be a safety locking device;

--The control unit, drive motor and shaft angle encoder should adopt redundant configuration, and a single motor should be able to drive the antenna normally.

4.5 Transmitter technical requirements

4.5.1 The total output power of the transmitter should meet the requirements of the maximum range of the radar, and the peak power fluctuation in the working frequency band should not exceed 1 dB.

4.5.2 The rising edge of the transmitting pulse should not exceed 1.2 µs.

4.5.3 The falling edge of the transmit pulse should not exceed 0.5 µs.

4.5.4 The top drop of the transmitted pulse should not exceed 15%.

4.5.5 The launch operating ratio should not be greater than 10%.

4.5.6 The transmitter improvement factor should not be less than 60 dB.

4.5.7 The harmonic output should not be greater than -45 dB.

4.5.8 Out-of-band clutter output should not exceed -50 dB.

4.5.9 It shall have safety protection functions such as over duty cycle protection, standing wave protection, over voltage protection, over temperature protection, and stall protection.

4.6 Receiver technical requirements

4.6.1 The receiving channel shall meet the following requirements.

--With independent high and low beam receiving channels and weather receiving channels;

--Realize the selection of high and low beam signals at any azimuth unit and different distances;

--The noise figure of the receiver is not more than 2 dB;

--The linear dynamic range of the receiver is not less than 60 dB;

--STC control range is not less than 60 dB, step 1 dB, full controllable;

--The peak power of the receiver is not less than 50 mW;

--The receiver bandwidth matches the transmitted signal bandwidth;

--The out-of-band interference suppression capability is not less than 40 dB.

4.6.2 The excitation source shall meet the following requirements.

--The output power of the excitation source meets the requirements of driving the transmitter to work normally;

--The signal form adopts a combination of wide and narrow pulses;

--No self-excitation in the envelope of the emission excitation pulse;

--Using uneven pulse repetition frequency, so that the first blind speed is not less than 1,000 m/s;

--The spurious spectrum suppression of the excitation signal is not more than -60 dB; the harmonic suppression is not more than -50 dB.

4.6.3 The frequency source shall meet the following requirements.

--The phase noise of the local oscillator source is not greater than -100 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz;

--The frequency conversion method is between pulse frequency conversion or pulse group frequency conversion;

-Frequency conversion frequency points are not less than 16;

--The frequency agility time is not more than 5 s;

- Output the reference clock signal.

4.7 Technical requirements for signal processor

4.7.1 When the time bandwidth product of the transmitted and received signals is greater than 100, the ratio of the main and sidelobes of digital pulse compression should not be less than 35 dB.

4.7.2 Adaptive MTD should be adopted, and different filter banks can be selected according to different clutter environments.

4.7.3 It should be possible to set the MTD filter coefficient and the threshold of each channel.

4.7.4 It should be able to detect moving targets in tangential flight.

4.7.5 It should be able to detect moving targets under various clutter backgrounds.

4.7.6 The clutter map processing function shall be provided, and the clutter map detection threshold shall be adjustable.

4.7.7 The constant false alarm processing shall be adopted, and the constant false alarm threshold shall be adjustable.

4.7.8 The weather channel shall effectively suppress ground clutter, aircraft echo and secondary echo.

4.7.9 The resolution of the meteorological contour map should be.

--The azimuth is not greater than the beam width;

--The distance is not more than 1 km.

4.7.10 The output point and track data information should include the time stamp of each point or track.

4.7.11 The trajectory admission method should be able to choose automatic and manual admission.

4.7.12 It should be possible to set up a variety of entry areas such as the forbidden start area of the track, the first start area and so on.

4.8 Technical requirements for monitoring and maintenance seats

4.8.1 It shall have local and remote control functions, and be able to control the switch, rotation speed, working frequency and polarization method of a surveillance radar according to the login authority.

Operation, and can set the operating parameters of each sub-system.

4.8.2 It should be able to display the radar working status and working parameters according to the overall, sub-system and module three levels.

4.8.3 There should be fault monitoring, offline test control and maintenance guidance. For serious fault information, color and sound alarms should be given.

4.8.4 The monitoring content of the antenna feeder system should include.

--The current and temperature of the motor, the oil level and temperature of the gearbox, the state of the controller, etc.;

--The oil level and temperature of the antenna turntable;

--Locking switch status;

--Antenna polarization state;

--Shaft angle encoder status;

- Antenna speed.

4.8.5 Transmitter monitoring content should include.

--The temperature of the air inlet and outlet of the launching cabinet;

--Pre-launch state (output power, current and working temperature);

--Transmission final stage status (output power, current and working temperature);

-Transmitting power state (voltage, current and working temperature);

--Total output power of transmitter;

--The transmitter outputs a standing wave.

4.8.6 Receiver monitoring content should include.

--Each LRU status;

--Receiver noise level;

--Receiver stability.

4.8.7 The monitoring content of the signal processor shall include.

--The working status of each LRU;

-Pulse compression waveform;

-Statistics of the number of traces;

-Statistics of the number of tracks;

--Software running status.

4.8.8 The monitoring content of supporting equipment shall include.

--UPS working status;

--The working status of the dryer;

--Working environment (temperature, humidity, fire alarm, access control, etc.).

4.8.9 The size of the display should not be less than 51 cm (20.1 in).

4.8.10 The display content of the radar screen should include.

--Point trace, track and its parameters;

--Antenna speed;

--List of target information;

--Background map and navigation channel;

--Command menu;

--Current working status and parameters.

4.8.11 The display target capacity is not less than 900 batches per revolution, and the target parameter information of each batch should include the track point batch number, bearing, distance, heading, Speed, quality, etc.

4.8.12 The display should be able to display the target track and primary video information on the same screen; it can be selected to display once, twice, once plus twice through manipulation Information, one of which can be selected as original video or moving target video.

4.8.13 It should be able to display the meteorological contour map and be updated every 6 antenna cycles.

4.8.14 It should be able to record points, tracks, radar status and operations, and the continuous recording time should not be less than 1 year.