MH/T 2001-2015Civil aircraft incident (English PDF)

Foreword

This standard replaces and abolishes MH/T 2001-2015 "Civil Aircraft Incidents". Compared with MH/T 2001-2015, the main technological changes Change as follows.

--- "Flight test before obtaining single aircraft airworthiness certificate" is added to the scope not applicable to this standard; (see Chapter 1) - Modify the definition of "aircraft ground incident" to "transport aviation ground incident", and no longer include general aviation in the definition Ground incident; (see Chapter 2)-Modified "Civil Aircraft Incidents", "Serious Air Transport Incidents", "General Air Transport Incidents", Definition of "General Aviation Incident"; (see Chapter 2)

--The definition of "aircraft damage" clearly stated that "only the tires are damaged, or the conditions that meet the release standards after temporary repairs are excluded, such as.

Grinding, filling, sticking metal tape, etc."; (see Chapter 2)

--The definition of "in flight" clearly includes the interrupted takeoff phase; (see Chapter 2) - During a serious aviation incident, "in order to avoid aircraft collisions or other unsafe conditions, evasive actions should be taken to avoid dangerous situations.

near. In non-radar control areas (procedural control areas or procedural control areas under radar surveillance), vertical separation and horizontal separation at the same time less than 1 Specify the interval;" amended to "In order to avoid aircraft collisions or other unsafe conditions, evasive actions should be taken Dangerous approach. In the procedural control area, the vertical interval and horizontal interval are both less than 1 Specified interval;"; (see 3.1)-"Controllable flight into the ground almost occurred." amended to "Controlled flight into the ground that almost occurred, and the hazard index is greater than 90 (inclusive) of. See Appendix B for the calculation method. "; (see 3.4) - "Cockpit (inside), passenger cabin (inside) and cargo compartment (inside) catch fire or smoke, or engine catches fire, even if these fires are extinguished." Replaced with "In flight, fire or smoke in the cockpit (in), passenger cabin (in), and cargo compartment (in), or engine fire, even if these fires are put out. Except when the following conditions are met at the same time.

a) The lithium battery of the electronic equipment carried by the person on board smoked and no open flame was found, such as power bank, mobile communication equipment, flat Tablet computers, video recording equipment, etc.;

b) The crew members found out in time and handled them properly, and there is no need to take further measures such as returning to the flight and alternate landing;

c) Did not cause damage to the aircraft and/or minor injuries;" (see 3.9)-Amend "The situation where flight crew members need to use oxygen urgently" to "During flight, the cabin altitude reaches the cabin oxygen mask Automatic fall off, or smoke/toxic gas, etc., which require flight crew members to use oxygen. "; (see 3.10) - "During flight, the flight crew must lose the ability to work." is amended to "In flight, the flight crew loses the ability to work." Power, which meets one of the following conditions.

a) The number or qualifications of flight crew members do not meet the minimum configuration of the aircraft type;

b) During the critical stage of flight, crew members lose the ability to work in flight operation positions;"; (see 3.13)-Add "The landing gear that is not classified as an accident retracts and land."; (see 3.18)

--Add "During flight, other parts of the aircraft other than the wheels rub the ground, excluding the following situations.

a) The tail (not including the tail skid) wipes the ground without causing damage to the aircraft;

b) Only wipe the tail skid and did not cause damage to other parts of the aircraft except the tail skid;"; (see 3.19) - "In order to avoid aircraft collisions or other unsafe conditions, evasive actions should be made to approach dangerously. In non-radar controlled areas (processes) Sequence control area or procedural control area under radar monitoring), the vertical interval and horizontal interval are both greater than or equal to 1 less than 1 Fixed interval; In the radar control area, the vertical interval and horizontal interval are both less than the specified interval, and the risk index is introduced.

Between 75 (inclusive) and 90, see Appendix A. "Is modified to "In order to avoid aircraft collisions or other unsafe conditions, Dangerous approach in evasive action. In the procedural control area, the vertical interval and the horizontal interval are both less than 1 but not both Specified interval. In the radar control area, the vertical interval and horizontal interval are both less than the specified interval, and the risk index is between 75 Between (inclusive) and 90.See Appendix A for the calculation method. The wake interval is less than 1 specified interval. "; (see 4.1)-"There is a risk of a controlled flight into the ground, but it does not reach 3.4." amended to "There is a risk of a controlled flight into the ground, the risk index is between 75 (inclusive) and 90.See Appendix B for the calculation method. "; (see 4.3)

--Add "aircraft flying with foreign objects, causing damage to the aircraft or difficulty in maneuvering." (see 4.9)-"The aircraft in flight exceeds the maximum overload of the aircraft type." is revised to "the aircraft exceeds the maximum overload of the aircraft type in flight." Large overload and damage to the aircraft. "; (see 4.11)

--Modify "A stall warning appears in flight for more than 3 s (inclusive) (except for false signals)." to "A stall warning in flight continues 3 s (inclusive) or more (except for false signals). "; (see 4.12) - Interruption of the two-way communication between land and air, resulting in the adjustment of other aircraft to avoid consequences, or the two-way communication between land and air within the area the contact is interrupted for more than 15 minutes (inclusive), and the two-way communication between land and air within the approach or tower is interrupted for more than 3 minutes (inclusive). " Amended as "The two-way communication between land and air within the area was interrupted for more than 15 minutes (inclusive), and it caused adjustment of other aircraft to avoid and other consequences; the two-way communication between land and air within the approach or the tower is interrupted for more than 3 minutes (inclusive) or other aircraft will be adjusted Consequences such as avoidance. "; (see 4.14) - "Fly into the departure route (line) by mistake and cause other aircraft to avoid, or erroneously deviate from the designated route (track) by more than 25 km or deviation it is more than 25 km away from the center line of the designated air route. "Amended to "The crew did not execute the control order correctly, or the controller issued an incorrect instruction Order, causing the aircraft to deviate from the designated route (track) or the centerline of the route more than 25 km. "; (see 4.17)

--Add "Flying off or wrongly entering the departure route and causing other aircraft to avoid."; (see 4.18)-"Aircraft components fall off, or the skin is lifted or the tension is broken, causing damage to the aircraft." Amend to "aircraft components missing, the skin was lifted or the tension line was broken, and the aircraft was damaged. "; (see 4.19)-Added "Ice Strike, Hail Strike" in "Is hit by lightning, electric shock, bird strike or other foreign objects in flight, causing damage to the aircraft." the situation; (see 4.21) - "The aircraft collided with aircraft, vehicles or other objects, causing damage to the aircraft (except for tire damage) or minor injuries." the limitation of "operation phase other than in flight" is added; (see 4.22) - "The impact of the change in the center of gravity of the aircraft due to the loading and fixing of cargo, mail, luggage, ULDs, etc. in the cargo hold Normal operation of the aircraft or damage to the aircraft. "Is modified to "Due to the loading of cargo, mail, baggage, ULD, etc.

Fixed and other reasons, causing damage to the aircraft, or exceeding the center of gravity limit during flight, or difficulty in controlling the aircraft"; (see 4.23)-"The calculation or input of the weight or center of gravity of the cargo, mail, baggage, and center of gravity is not consistent with the actual situation, which will affect the normal operation of the aircraft." the calculation or input of the empty vehicle load balance is inconsistent with the actual situation, resulting in exceeding the center of gravity limit during the flight or making the aircraft difficult to control. ";(see 4.24)-"During the flight, the cabin equipment, luggage or other items such as dining cars, lockers, etc., slip or fall, causing damage to the aircraft or minor injuries. "Is revised to "During the flight time, dining cars, lockers and other cabin facilities and equipment slip or fall, causing aviation Equipment damage or minor injuries"; (see 4.26)

--Added "During takeoff, landing or go-around, wipe the tail of the aircraft on the runway without causing damage to the aircraft, or only requiring repair/replacement Tail skid"; (see 4.29)

--Add "In the operating phases other than in flight, the aircraft (inside) or engine catches fire or smoke, even if these fires are extinguished. At the same time.

Except for the following conditions.

a) The lithium battery of the electronic equipment carried by the person on board smoked and no open flame was found, such as power bank, mobile communication equipment, flat Tablet computers, video recording equipment, etc.;

b) No aircraft damage and/or minor injuries were caused. "; (see 4.30)

--Add "During flight, except for 3.10, when the cabin altitude reaches the condition that the cabin altitude warning should be triggered in this operating phase, and it needs to Circumstances where the flight crew members are required to use oxygen. "; (see 4.31)

--Add "During flight, except for 3.13, the flight crew loses the ability to work, which meets one of the following circumstances.

a) Cause the flight time of other flight crew members to exceed the "Large Aircraft Public Air Transport Carrier Operation Certification Rules" (CCAR-121) time limit;

b) Loss of the ability to work in a flight operation post outside the critical flight phase. "; (see 4.32)-For "falling off the wrong airport or runway." clarified "except for temporary take-off and landing points"; (see 5.3)-"The landing gear is not in place for landing." is revised to "The landing gear is not in place for landing, causing damage to the aircraft or minor injuries.";

(See 5.4)

--- "Hanging against obstacles in flight, causing aircraft damage or minor personal injury." is amended to "Hanging against obstacles in flight, causing aviation Damage to the air carrier (except for skid and tail skid damage) or minor personal injuries"; (see 5.7)-"During flight, the necessary members of the flight crew are incapacitated." Amended to "In flight, single-pilot or multi-crew crew.

The captain was incapacitated in flight operations. "; (see 5.8)-Clearly "aircraft (inside) or launching aircraft" as "aircraft (inside) or launching" the machine catches fire"; (see 5.10)

--Delete "I was struck by lightning, electric shock, bird strike or other foreign objects in flight, which caused damage to the aircraft and seriously affected the normal operation of the aircraft manipulate. "; (formerly 5.13)-Amend "the aircraft's main control system in flight has jammed or completely failed." is amended to "any main control system of the aircraft in flight." the system fails completely. "; (see 5.13)-Change the "Quick Circling" in "Quick Circling, Floating, and Stalling in Flight (except for specific training subjects)." Circling down"; (see 5.14)-"Take off without removing the aircraft control surface cleats, hooks, airspeed tube sleeves, static pressure hole plugs or tail struts, etc." added "and "Causing aircraft control difficulties" consequences; (see 5.18)-Amend "aircraft flying under visual flight rules into instrument meteorological conditions." to "aircraft flying under visual flight rules the instrument enters the instrument weather condition for a long time. "; (See 5.19)"

--Delete "During the same training flight, the succeeding aircraft overtakes the preceding aircraft without the commander's instructions."; (formerly 5.21)

--Delete "During the training flight, the vertical separation between the two aircraft is less than 50 m and the horizontal separation is less than.200 m, and the danger is close."; (formerly 5.22)-Amend "Improper flight control of out-of-band load, resulting in aircraft damage or minor injuries." the aircraft is damaged or personnel are slightly injured due to improper reasons. "; (See 5.20) - Interruption of the two-way communication between land and air for more than 30 minutes, and cause adjustments to other aircraft to avoid consequences (except for special requirements) outer). "30 min" in "is clearly "30 min (inclusive)"; (see 5.23)-Amend the title of "Aircraft Ground Incident" to "Transport Aviation Ground Incident";

- In the corresponding clauses, "on a closed or occupied runway, taxiway, or unspecified runway" is uniformly revised to "on a taxiway, or on unassigned, closed, or occupied runways"; (see 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 4.6, 5.1) - Remove the restriction of "except for approved helicopter operations" in the corresponding provisions of air transport; (see 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 4.6) - Remove the restriction of "only tire damage except" in the corresponding clauses; (see 4.22, 5.7)-"Affecting the normal operation of aircraft" and "causing difficulty in flight control" are uniformly revised to "causing difficulty in aircraft control"; (see 4.20, 4.23, 5.12) - "Other incidents similar to the above" and "other incidents similar to the above that cause damage to aircraft" are uniformly revised to "similar to the above Other events mentioned in the terms"; (see 4.33, 5.26, 6.10)

--In Appendix A, the hazard index evaluation method and the use of the law of cosines during the route (line) offset operation under radar control are added the formula for calculating the approach rate, complete the range where the vertical separation risk index is 0, and delete Table A.2;

--Add Appendix B. Calculation Method of Controllable Flight into Ground Hazard Index.

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.

This standard was proposed and interpreted by the Aviation Safety Office of the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology.

Drafting organization of this standard. China Civil Aviation Science and Technology Research Institute.

1 Scope

This standard is applicable to civil aircraft (hereinafter referred to as aircraft) serious incidents of transport aviation, general incidents of transport aviation, and Determination of ground incidents and general aviation incidents.

This standard does not apply to the implementation of national rescue, disaster relief, aviation sports, personal entertainment flight, test before obtaining a single aircraft airworthiness certificate the incident of the aircraft waiting for a specific cause is determined.

This standard does not apply to situations such as illegal flight 1) or sabotage of aircraft.

2 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

Aircraft operation phase the process from when anyone boarded the aircraft and prepared to fly to the end of the flight when such personnel left the aircraft.

Flight time

The time from when an aircraft starts to move on its own power in preparation for takeoff and ends when it stops moving.

In flight

The process from when the aircraft uses power for actual takeoff to the end of the landing stroke (including the interrupted takeoff phase).

Airport movement area the airport is used for aircraft take-off, landing and related ground activity areas, including runways, taxiways, aprons, etc.

1) Illegal flight refers to aircraft other than ultralight aircraft that engage in civil aviation flight activities prohibited by national laws and regulations.

One of the following situations.

a) The aircraft has not been registered for nationality or has not obtained airworthiness approval;

b) The pilot of the aircraft has not obtained a license or medical certificate;

c) The aircraft operator has not obtained an operating license or operating permit;

d) The flight mission and flight plan have not been approved by the air traffic management department.

Those related to the aircraft that occurred during the aircraft operation phase or in the airport activity area that did not constitute an accident but affected or might affect safety Incidents are divided into serious incidents of transport aviation, general incidents of transport aviation, ground incidents of transport aviation, and general aviation incidents.

Waiting.

Air transportation serious incident Perform scheduled or non-scheduled flight tasks in accordance with the "Large Aircraft Public Air Transport Carrier Operation Certification Rules" (CCAR-121) Aircraft that have a high probability of occurrence during the operational phase.

Air transportation incident Perform scheduled or non-scheduled flight tasks in accordance with the "Large Aircraft Public Air Transport Carrier Operation Certification Rules" (CCAR-121) for aircrafts that have been operated, the incidents that occurred during the operation phase did not constitute serious incidents of transport aviation.

Air transportation ground incident the aircraft listed in the "Large Aircraft Public Air Carrier Operation Qualification Certification Rules" (CCAR-121) an event that causes damage to the aircraft that occurred during the non-operational phase in the field activity area.

General aviation incident in accordance with "General Operation and Flight Rules" (CCAR-91), "Small Aircraft Commercial Transport Operator Operation Qualification Rules" (CCAR-135) An accident that occurs during the operational phase of an aircraft performing flight activities.

2.10

Aircraft damage

The degree of damage to the aircraft is lower than the aircraft release standard, except that only the tire is damaged, or the release standard is met after temporary repair, such as.

Grinding, filling, pasting metal tape, etc. Repair costs for damage to aircraft used for teaching flights and whose maximum certified take-off weight is less than 5 700 kg More than 10% (inclusive) of the value of similar or comparable new aircraft.

2.11

Minor injuries

Cause damage to human body or appearance, partial impairment of hearing, vision or other organ function, or other moderate harm to human health the injuries include minor injuries and minor injuries.

[Issued by the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Justice on August 30, 2013.Effective from January 1, 2014 "Criteria for the Identification of Human Injury Degree" Note. The minor injuries referred to in this standard do not apply to personal injuries caused by natural causes, self or Injuries to passengers and crew members who stole the aircraft outside the area used.

2.12

Runway incursion

The wrong appearance of any aircraft, vehicles or personnel at the airport or the existence of ground protection areas designated for aircraft landing and take-off Case. According to the severity of the incident, runway incursions are divided into.

-Category A. The separation is so reduced that both parties must take extreme measures to barely avoid runway incursion due to collision;

-Category B. The interval is reduced to a significant collision possibility, and collisions can only be avoided by taking corrective or avoiding measures at critical moments.

Runway incursion

-Category C. Sufficient time and (or) distance to take measures to avoid runway incursion from collision;

-Category D. Runway incursions that meet the definition of runway incursions but do not have immediate safety consequences;

--E category. Insufficient information to make a conclusion, or contradictory evidence that cannot be evaluated.

Note. The classification comes from "International Civil Aviation Organization DOC9870 AN/463 Runway Incursion Prevention Manual".

3 Serious aviation incidents

3.1 In order to avoid aircraft collisions or other unsafe conditions, evasive actions should be made to approach dangerously. In the program control area, vertical interval and the horizontal interval are less than 1 at the same time Specified interval. In the radar control area, the vertical interval and horizontal interval are both less than the specified interval, and it is dangerous Flight conflicts with an index greater than 90 (inclusive). See Appendix A for the calculation method.

3.2 A collision that is not classified as an accident during flight.

3.3 Class A runway incursion.

3.4 A controllable flight into the ground that has almost occurred, with a hazard index greater than 90 (inclusive). See Appendix B for the calculation method.

3.5 Take off is interrupted on a taxiway or an undesignated, closed, or occupied runway.

3.6 Take off on a taxiway or an unspecified, closed, or occupied runway.

3.7 Landing or attempting to land on a taxiway, or an unspecified, closed, or occupied runway.

3.8 The intended performance was obviously not achieved during takeoff or initial climb.

3.9 During flight, fire or smoke in the cockpit (inside), passenger cabin (inside) and cargo compartment (inside), or engine fire, even if these fires are extinguished. with Except when the following conditions are met.

a) The lithium battery of the electronic equipment carried by the person on board smoked and no open flame was found, such as power bank, mobile communication equipment, tablet Brain, video recording equipment, etc.;

b) The crew members found out in time and handled them properly, and there is no need to take further measures such as returning to the flight and alternate landing;

c) No aircraft damage and/or minor injuries were caused.

3.10 During flight, when the cabin altitude reaches the cabin oxygen mask automatically falls off, or smoke/toxic gas appears, the flight crew must use the situation with oxygen.

3.11 Damage to the aircraft structure or engine disintegration not classified as an accident, including non-contained turbine engine failure.

3.12 Multiple failures of one or more systems that seriously affect the operation of the aircraft during flight.

3.13 During the flight, the flight crew loses the ability to work, which meets one of the following conditions.

a) The number or qualifications of flight crew members do not meet the minimum configuration of the aircraft type;

b) During the critical phase of flight, crew members lose the ability to work in flight operation positions.

3.14 The amount of fuel or fuel distribution requires the pilot to declare an emergency.

3.15 During takeoff or landing, run off, off-runway or touch down outside the runway.

3.16 System failures, weather phenomena, flying beyond the approved flight envelope or other conditions that cause aircraft control difficulties.

3.17 During flight, more than one of the necessary flight guidance and navigation redundancy systems fails.

3.18 The landing gear that was not classified as an accident retracted and landed.

3.19 During flight, other parts of the aircraft other than the wheels rub the ground, excluding the following situations.

a) The tail (not including the tail skid) wipes the ground without causing damage to the aircraft;

b) Only wipe the tail skid and did not cause damage to other parts of the aircraft except the tail skid.

3.20 Other events similar to the above clauses.

4 General incidents of transport aviation

4.1 In order to avoid aircraft collisions or other unsafe conditions, evasive actions should be made to ap...