LY/T 3174-2020Technical regulations for cultivation of Hibiscus syriacus (English PDF)

4.1 Garden selection

It is advisable to choose loam or sandy land with deep soil layer and fertile soil, which requires flat terrain, sufficient sunlight, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation.

4.2 Cutting seedlings

4.2.1 Land preparation and bed making

Remove debris before soil preparation, spread basic fertilizer, and apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer 3 m³~5 m³ and 45% NPK ternary compound fertilizer 50 kg per 667 m2.

Deep plowing and rake leveling. In the arid plain area, a low bed with a width of 150 cm to.200 cm, a ridge of 30 cm wide and unlimited border length, is suitable for convenient management.

The Huaihe River Basin and the area to the south where there is more rain can be made into a high bed with a width of 100 cm~120 cm, a height of about 20 cm, a walkway width of 30 cm, and a bed length no more than 20 m. Water after making the bed. The fertilizer used should comply with the regulations of GB/T 15063 and NY/T 496, and the bed should comply with the regulations of GB/T 6001.

set.

4.2.2 Cutting time

Before the buds of the hibiscus tree sprout in spring.

4.2.3 Cutting preparation

Before germination, select 1-year-old branches with a diameter of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm on the mother tree, cut cuttings 10 cm to 15 cm in length, and leave 3 for each cutting.

One to five full buds, with a flat stubble on the top and an oblique stubble on the bottom. It should be picked and inserted.

4.2.4 Cutting density

Plant spacing is 8 cm~10 cm, row spacing is 15 cm~20 cm.

4.2.5 Cutting method

Cover the seedling bed with mulch and compact the surrounding area with soil. Use a wooden stick to insert a pre-hole according to the spacing of the plants, and then insert the cuttings straight into the hole, deep into the soil the degree is 2/3 of cuttings. Fill the cuttings with water immediately.

4.3 Post-plug management

4.3.1 Fertilizer and water management

Promote integrated management of water and fertilizer. From March to May, before the new roots of the cuttings are released, keep the soil moist but not accumulate water, and then according to the soil moisture and Water and drain regularly. During the fast-growing period of seedlings from June to August, apply fertilizer once a month or so, and apply 5 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer every 667 m2 in June and July.

10 kg, 5 kg~10 kg of NPK balanced water-soluble fertilizer per 667 m2 in August. Spray 3 to 4 times of foliar fertilizer during the growing season, preferably dihydrogen phosphate Potassium 0.1%~0.2% solution.

4.3.2 Field loosening

After the rain and after the nursery is irrigated, the soil is plowed and loosened in time.

4.3.3 Wipe buds

When the buds are more than 10 cm long, start to wipe the buds and leave 2 to 3 at the first time; when the buds are about 20 cm long and the base is lignified, choose to leave a healthy bud.

Strong bud cultivation.

4.4 Large seedling cultivation

4.4.1 Transplanting

It is advisable to transplant the seedlings in autumn after falling leaves or before germination in spring. The row spacing is (1.2~1.5)m×(1.2~1.5) m.

4.4.2 Field management

Water back to green water and frozen water every early spring and early winter, and water in time according to soil moisture during the growing season. After heavy rain or continuous rainy days, and when removing stagnant water. Apply urea once in May and July each year, fertilize 5kg-15 kg per 667 m2; in August, apply 45% NPK ternary compound for every 667 m2 Hefei 5 kg ~ 15 kg. Top dressing should be applied in furrow, and the depth of furrow is 20 cm~30 cm. The fertilizer used should meet the requirements of GB/T 15063.

4.4.3 Shaping

4.4.3.1 Single stem shaping

Fixed stem. According to the cultivation goal, the fixed stem should be 0.8 m~1.2 m above the ground after transplanting. If the seedlings cannot reach the fixed height, they should be 10 cm away from the ground Flat stubble left and right to promote a strong backbone, and then decide when the backbone meets the requirements.

The first year. After setting the stem, more than 3 main branches with different growth directions are promoted at 20 cm~30 cm under the cut. The dormancy period is short for the main branch Cut off and leave 2 to 3 side branches on each main branch.

Second year and beyond. In summer, the upright branches in the crown and the sprouting tillers at the base are removed, and the flowering branches are retracted in time after flowering. Main branch and lateral branch back in winter Shrink and renew, thin out dense branches and dead branches with pests and diseases in the inner chamber, and release strong flowering branches slowly.

4.4.3.2 Multiple stem shaping

Flat stubble. Leave 5 cm~10 cm flat stubble after transplanting.

The first year. Keep more than 2 robust shoots and cultivate them into the main trunk. In the dormant period, each trunk is cut short, and each trunk is selected to leave 2~ 3 main branches.

The management of the second year and beyond is the same as 4.4.3.1.

4.5 Nursery stock delivery and transportation

4.5.1 Seedlings leaving the nursery

The seedlings should be released from the nursery in the autumn after the leaves are fallen or before the spring germination. Irrigate thoroughly 3 to 10 days before leaving the nursery.

The seedlings should reach a certain depth, and the requirements should be. less damage to the lateral roots and fibrous roots, keeping the root system relatively intact and not breaking the seedling stem.

The 1-year-old seedlings are grown out of the nursery with bare roots, the height of the seedlings is >=80 cm, and the ground diameter is >=0.8 cm. Large perennial seedlings should be brought out of the nursery with soil balls, the diameter of which is the seedlings 8 to 10 times the ground diameter, packed in a single plant with packaging materials such as straw ropes, ground diameter >= 2 cm, crown width >= 60 cm, and branches evenly distributed.

The label should be hung after emergence, and the label conforms to LY/T 2290.

4.5.2 Seedling transportation

Seedlings should be planted at the same time. Long-distance transportation should be shaded and moisturized. The roots of bare-rooted seedlings should be dipped in mud; large seedlings with soil balls should be prevented from being crushed and broken.

damage.

5.1 Timely weeding

Weeding in time during the growth period should be combined with field tillage after rain or watering, taking care not to damage the seedlings.

5.2 Main pests and diseases and control methods

The main diseases of hibiscus are anthracnose, leaf spot and powdery mildew. The main pests are spider mites, cotton aphid, cotton leaf roller moth, Euonymus geometrid, thorn Moths, large lion moths, ramie longhorn beetles.

See Appendix A for the main pests and control techniques. The use of pesticides should comply with GB/T 8321 regulations.

Appendix A

(Informative appendix) Hibiscus main pest control technology See Table A.1 for the prevention and control technology of the main diseases of Hibiscus.