LY/T 3128-2019The regulations for classification, survey and mapping of the forest vegetation (English PDF)

4.1 Purpose of forest vegetation classification

The purpose of forest vegetation classification is to make rational use and effective management of forest vegetation resources.

4.2 Forest vegetation classification principles

Forest vegetation classification principles.

a) According to the consistency of the composition characteristics of the forest community tree species;

b) According to the consistency of water and heat characteristics of forest community distribution areas;

c) According to the consistency of life style characteristics of dominant tree species (groups) in forest communities.

4.3 Forest vegetation classification basis

The classification of forest vegetation should be based on obvious forest community and geographical environment characteristics, as follows.

a) In terms of the composition characteristics of forest communities, classification is based on tree species composition, dominant tree species, dominant tree species groups, and kinship;

b) In terms of the life form characteristics of forest communities, the classification is based on the height, branching, leaf shape and degree of defoliation of the dominant tree species (groups).

according to;

c) Regarding the eco-geographical characteristics of forest communities, classification is based on climate and landforms.

d) In terms of the origin characteristics of forest communities, classification is based on natural and artificial.

4.4 Forest Vegetation Classification System

The classification of forest vegetation classification system should be clear, reasonable and logical.

a) Forest group. forest communities with consistent adaptability to environmental temperature. Such as cold temperate forests, tropical forests and so on.

b) Lin Gang subgroup. In the Lin Gang group, forest communities with the same or similar landforms are distributed. Such as cold temperate mountain forests, temperature plain forests and so on.

c) Forest class. Forest communities of different origins in the forest class subgroup. Such as mountain natural forests, hilly plantations.

d) Forest order group. forest communities with the same high and short branches in the forest class. Such as arbor forest, shrub forest.

e) Forest order subgroup. In the forest order group, forest communities with similar leaf shape characteristics of dominant tree species (groups). Such as arbor coniferous forest, arbor broadleaf Lin et al.

f) Forest order. In the forest order sub-group, forest communities with similar leaf detachment characteristics in dominant tree species (group) in winter. Such as deciduous coniferous forest, Evergreen broad-leaved forest and so on.

g) Forest system group. In the forest order, tree species form similar numbers of forest communities. For example, pure coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, etc.

h) Forest subgroup. In the forest group, forest communities with similar phylogeny of dominant tree species. Such as oak forests, mangrove forests and so on.

i) Forest system. In forest subgroups, forest communities with the same dominant tree species (group). Such as Larch forest, Quercus liaotungensis forest and so on.

4.5 Forest Vegetation Classification System

According to the principles, basis and relationship of forest vegetation classification, a forest vegetation classification system is constructed as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Forest Vegetation Classification System

Classification basis Eco-geographic origin life form composition Climatic and landform heights and branch-leaf-shaped winter deciduous tree species constitute a close relationship dominant species (group) Plateau sub-tundra forest plain and platform forest natural forest arbor forest conifer forest evergreen forest pure forest pine forest red pine forest Temperate forest plain forest plantation shrub forest broad-leaved forest deciduous forest mixed forest cedar forest black pine forest Cold and temperate forests Low-altitude plains Coniferous broad-leaved forest Evergreen deciduous forest Cypress forest Pinus sylvestris Middle temperate forest mid-altitude plains camphor forest red pine forest Warm temperate forest Subtropical forest platform land Northern subtropical forest, low-altitude platform forest, oak forest, masson pine forest Central subtropical forest Mid-altitude platform forest Qinggang-like Limba mountain pine forest South subtropical forest, high altitude, platform, forest, magpie forest, torch pine forest Tropical forest hills and mountain forest chestnut forest Huangshan pine forest Marginal tropical forest hills forest magnolia forest wetland pine forest Mid-tropical forest, low-altitude hilly forest, willow forest, white pine forest Equatorial tropical forest, hilly forest, eucalyptus forest, south Asian pine forest High Altitude Hilly Forest Elm Forest Pine Forest Mountain forest palm forest caribbean pine forest Low-altitude mountain forest bamboo forest Yunnan pine forest Middle altitude mountain forest mangrove forest Simao pine forest High altitude mountain forest Borneolus forest Alpine pine forest Forest class forest class forest class forest class forest order forest order forest order forest order forest order forest order

4.6 Forest vegetation type coding method

The ten-digit hierarchical code indicates the type of forest vegetation, and from left to right, the forest group, forest group, forest group, forest group, and forest group Group, forest order, forest system group, forest system subgroup, forest system, and their structures are shown in Figure 1.

Climate and geomorphology origins High and short branches and leaves Defoliation Degree Tree species Composition Relative dominant species (group)

Figure 1 Structure diagram of forest vegetation type coding

5.1 Purpose of investigation

Through the spatial distribution of forest vegetation types, spot extraction, type identification, and sampling surveys for forest vegetation protection, restoration, utilization, and Information support for sustainable development.

5.2 Investigation contents

The survey includes.

a) Zoning check the boundary line of each forest vegetation type map;

b) Investigate the type, quantity and area of each forest vegetation;

c) Investigate the ecological and environmental factors of each forest vegetation type;

d) Investigate the species composition, structure, diversity, regeneration and succession of each forest vegetation type;

e) Investigate the accumulation, biomass and carbon storage of each forest vegetation type;

f) Investigate the health status of various forest vegetation types, including fires, pests, and natural and human disturbances.

Please refer to Appendix A for the main survey factors and survey records.

5.3 Main survey indicators

5.3.1 Climate zone

Climate zone refers to the zonal climate zone divided according to the zonal distribution characteristics of climate elements. In the same climate zone, the basic characteristics of the climate like.

Table 2 Climate zone types and codes

Code type name description

10 The sub-frigid zone refers to the number of days when the daily average temperature is stable >=10 ° C is below 50 days, the accumulated temperature is below 500 ° C, and the average annual temperature is below 0 ° C.

Area with the average temperature of the coldest month -17 ~ -10 °C, and the average temperature of the hottest month 5-10 °C

20 Temperate zone refers to areas with cold winters and hot summers, with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 8 ° C, and the lowest monthly average temperature is below 0 ° C.

21 The cold temperate zone refers to the area where the average annual temperature is below 0 ° C, the average temperature of the hottest month is above 10 ° C, and the accumulated temperature of >=10 ° C is between 100 ° C and 1600 ° C.

22 The middle temperature zone means that the average annual temperature is higher than 0 °C, the average temperature of the hottest month is between 10 °C -20 °C, and the average temperature of the coldest month is below 0 °C, >=10 °C Areas with accumulated temperature between 1600 ° C and 3400 ° C.

23 Warm temperate zone refers to the area where the average annual temperature is below 20 °C, the hottest monthly average temperature is above 20 °C, and the accumulated temperature of >=10 °C is 3400 °C -4500 °C.

30 The subtropical zone refers to the region where the coldest month average temperature is above 0 °C and the accumulated temperature >=10 °C is 4500 °C -8000 °C.

31 The number of days with a daily average temperature of >=10 ° C in the northern subtropical zone is between 220-240 days, and the accumulated temperature is 4500-5100 ° C. The average annual temperature is 14-17 °C, the area with the average temperature of the coldest month is above 0 °C.

32 Mid-subtropical refers to the number of days where the daily average temperature is stable >=10 ° C between 240-285 days, the accumulated temperature is 5000-6500 ° C, and the frost-free period is greater than 260 days;

The annual average temperature is 12-19 °C, the average temperature of the coldest month is between 4-10 °C, and the average temperature of the hottest month is above 28 °C.

33 South subtropical refers to the number of days with a stable daily average temperature >=10 ° C between 285-365 days, accumulated temperature between 6000-8000 ° C, and frost-free period at 350 More than days, the average annual temperature is 18-23 °C, the average temperature of the hottest month is between 28-29 °C, and the average temperature of the coldest month is 13-15 °C Between regions.

40 Tropical means an area with a cumulative temperature of >=10 °C above 8000 °C.

41 Peripheral tropical zone means that the temperature is stable >=10 °C, the number of days is close to 365 days, the accumulated temperature is 7800 °C, the annual average temperature is 21-24 °C, the average temperature of the coldest month it is 15-18 °C, and the hottest monthly average temperature is 24-29 °C.

42 The average daily temperature in the middle tropics is >=10 °C, the accumulated temperature is between 9000-10000 °C, the average annual temperature is above 24 °C, the average temperature of the coldest month Above 20 °C, the hottest monthly average temperature is above 28-30 °C, and the annual precipitation is mostly between 1500-2000mm.

43 The average daily temperature of the equatorial tropical index is greater than 10 °C, the accumulated temperature is above 10000 °C, the average temperature of the coldest month is above 24 °C, and the average temperature of the hottest month Areas above 28 °C with annual rainfall of 1500-2000mm

5.3.2 Landform

Landform is a general term for various forms of the earth's surface, specifically referring to the various fluctuations of fixed objects distributed above the ground.

status.

Table 3 Landform types and codes

Code type name description

100 Plains and platforms refer to areas where the terrain is low, flat, undulating, and the relative altitude is not more than 50 meters, and the slope is below 5 °

110 Plain refers to an area with a wide and low mountain range with an altitude difference of less than 50 meters.

Low-altitude plain refers to an area where the altitude is below 1000 meters, the internal altitude difference is less than 50 meters, and the mountains are wide and flat.

The medium-altitude plain refers to the altitude between 1000-3000 meters in the area, and the internal altitude difference below 50 meters.

area

High-altitude plain refers to an area where the altitude is above 3,000 meters, and the altitude difference is below 50 meters.

120 platforms refers to the internal elevation difference below 50 meters, with cliffs around it, the top surface being basically flat like a platform, or river valleys and coastal uplifts Stepped area Low-altitude platform refers to the area where the altitude is below 1000 meters, the internal altitude difference is less than 50 meters, and there are cliffs around the top.

Flat terrace-like, or stepped areas of river valleys and coastal uplifts Medium-altitude platform refers to the area between 1000-3000 meters above sea level, with an internal elevation difference of less than 50 meters, surrounded by cliffs and crests.

The surface is basically flat like a platform, or a stepped area with river valleys and coastal uplifts High-altitude platform refers to the area where the altitude is above 3,000 meters, the internal altitude difference is below 50 meters, and there are cliffs and top foundations around it.

It is flat or terraced, or stepped areas with river valleys and coastal uplifts

200 Hills and mountains refers to areas with relatively high heights, greater than 50 meters, steep slopes, greater than 5 degrees, and clear veins.

210 hills refers to the area within the area with a relative elevation difference of 50-200 meters Low-altitude hills refer to areas where the altitude is below 1000 meters and the relative altitude difference is between 50-200 meters Mid-altitude hills refer to areas in the area where the altitude is between 1000-3000 meters and the relative elevation difference is between 50-200 meters

21 High-altitude hills refer to areas where the altitude is above 3,000 meters and the relative elevation difference is between 50-200 meters

220 Mountainous area refers to the area where the relative elevation difference within the area is greater than.200 meters Low-altitude mountainous areas refer to areas where the altitude is below 1000 meters and the relative altitude difference is greater than.200 meters.

Middle-altitude mountainous areas refer to areas in the region with an altitude of 1000-3000 meters and a relative elevation difference of more than.200 meters High-altitude mountainous areas refer to areas where the altitude is above 3,000 meters and the relative altitude difference is greater than.200 meters.

5.3.3 Vegetation coverage

Refers to the ratio of the area of the plant's above-ground vertical projection to the ground.

Dense. Coverage 70% and above;

Middle. Coverage 30% ~ 69%;

Sparse. Coverage is below 30%.

5.3.4 Human interference

Various activities carried out by humans in forest communities, forest logging types, logging intensity, regeneration types, and regeneration levels are based on forest logging the operating regulations (LY/T 1646-2005) and tending types are based on forest tending regulations (GB/T 15781-2015).

5.3.5 Forest community succession stage

In the process of forest community development and change, the evolution of one dominant community replacing another dominant community is called forest community succession.

The succession process of forest communities can be divided into three stages.

Table 4 Forest succession stages and codes

Code succession phase description 1.Some species invaded the forestless land and settled successfully in the pioneer community stage, creating favorable conditions for the same or heterogeneous species that invaded later

2 In the development and intensification stage Through intra- or inter-species competition, dominant species settle and breed offspring, disadvantaged species are excluded, and coexist in the process of competition Down species reach relative balance in utilization of resources

3 At the mature and stable stage, species enter a coordinated evolution in a balanced manner through competition. Resources are more fully and effectively used, and the community structure is more complete.

Relatively fixed species composition and quantitative ratio, the community structure is complex, and there are many levels

5.3.6 Other indicators

Naturalness, origin, forest layer, canopy density, community structure type, health level, disaster level, disaster type, biodiversity according to the provisions of GB/T 30363-2013 shall be implemented; the aspect, slope and age group shall be implemented according to the provisions of GB/T 26424-2010; the soil names shall be according to GB/T 17296-2009 implementation. The composition and dominant species shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T 14721-2010.

5.4 Survey methods

Forest vegetation surveys use remote sensing image data and data to map areas, and combine ground-based on-site sampling plots and plots to measure various forests.

The composition, structure, diversity, regeneration, succession, accumulation, biomass, carbon storage and health status of vegetation types.

5.4.1 Preparation before investigation

Including the preparation of survey materials such as survey forms, topographic maps and remote sensing images, preparation of various survey tools and instruments, various surveys and regulations Collection of planning results and other relevant information (such as the list of wild protected plants).

5.4.2 Extraction of forest vegetation types

According to different forest vegetation survey scales, select the latest remote sensing image data that meets the forest vegetation survey requirements of the corresponding scales, and conduct them.

Correction and registration, the use of different types of forest vegetation types and seasonal differences in remote sensing image spectral characteristics, classification of remote sensing images, formation of various Maps of the spatial distribution of different types of forest vegetation, and merge the maps that are less than the smallest area.

5.4.3 Recognition of map forest vegetation types

According to the forest vegetation classification system, using the latest results of related forest vegetation surveys and studies, the forest vegetation types of each map are identified.

Field verification of remotely-sensed classification maps of uncertain forest vegetation types.

5.4.4 Site survey

The number, size, shape and layout of the plots shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 30363-2013.

5.4.5 Sample survey

5.4.5.1 Quadrat type and size

According to different survey objects, the plots are divided into small plots and micro-splits. The plot area is 4m2 (2mx2m).

(Trees, shrubs) and vines; the micro-sample area is 1m2 (1mx1m).

5.4.5.2 Sample quantity and layout

Each plot has 4 small quads and 4 micro quads. Small squares are arranged inside the four corners of the plot. The micro-square is placed in the small-square and the inside of the sample overlap angle is shown in Figure 2.

5.4.6 Photographic survey

Take photos of forest vegetation types, forest interiors, and under forests, with a resolution of more than 300dpi, JPG format, clear photos, Load photo number.

6.1 Basic drawing

Basic maps should be prepared in accordance with the National Basic Scale Map Schema (GB/T -20257.1-2017) and Forestry Map Schema (LY/T 1821-2009), etc.

a) The base map of the basic map adopts the latest topographic map that meets the accuracy requirements of the corresponding survey scale. The scale is generally 1. 50000-1. 100000.

b) Translate or overlay the speckle boundary on the remote sensing image (including aerial photographs and satellite photographs) onto the base map base map, and the retransmission error shall not exceed 0.5mm.

c) The elements of the basic map include various boundary lines (administrative area boundaries, map boundary), roads, settlements, independent features, and landforms (mountains) Ridges, peaks, cliffs, etc.), river systems, forest vegetation types, map notes.

6.2 Mapping of forest vegetation types

6.2.1 Minimal pattern

Based on the basic map, the spots on the basic map are properly integrated according to the requirements of the mapping accuracy. Where there is forest vegetation and Spots with an area greater than 4mm2 are distinguished by the coloring of their forest vegetation types.

6.2.2 Picture frame

Divided by administrative area, divided by standard map

6.2.3 Scale

National forest vegetation type maps are drawn on the basic map, and the scale is generally 1. 1000000 when divided according to the standard map.

When dividing the area, the scale depends on the size of the image. Provincial forest vegetation type maps are drawn at a reduced scale from the basic map.

The scale is generally 1. 250000; when dividing the area by administrative area, the scale depends on the size of the map. County-level forest vegetation types map based on Based on the picture, the scale is generally 1. 1. 100000 when divided according to the standard map; when the area is divided according to the administrative area,...