LY/T 3113-2019Technical specification for the wild population and habitat monitoring of Siberian Tiger (English PDF)

4.1 Staff requirements

4.1.1 Personnel composition

Monitoring personnel shall be monitored by professional and technical personnel, provincial, city and county (forestry bureau) wildlife protection managers, towns, and forest farms (sites) the composition of personnel, including townships, forest farms (institutions) monitoring staff unified grass-roots monitoring staff.

4.1.2 Requirements for grass-roots monitoring personnel

4.1.2.1 Have field work experience, familiar with local natural environment and wild animal habits.

4.1.2.2 Able to correctly use common equipment used in field monitoring to accurately identify footprints or activity traces of Siberian tigers and other wild animals.

4.1.2.3 Accurately measure wild animal footprints and trace information data and fill in monitoring forms.

4.1.2.4 Ability to obtain extensive information on local tigers.

4.1.2.5 Have high school education or above, good physical condition, and be able to report monitoring information in a timely manner.

4.2 Duties

4.2.1 The grass-roots monitor is responsible for the field monitoring task of one monitoring unit or several monitoring units adjacent to it.

4.2.2 Wildlife protection managers are responsible for information collection, communication and supervision.

4.2.3 Professional and technical personnel are responsible for overall work.

5.1 Network monitoring

5.1.1 Establish a monitoring network

The monitoring network consists of monitoring areas, monitoring units, and monitoring samples. Division of monitoring sheets by city and county (Forestry Bureau) by administrative district yuan. In the monitoring unit, the monitoring sample points are determined according to the forest farms (sites) where the Siberian tiger is distributed.

5.1.2 Information Collection

5.1.2.1 Collect relevant information such as the natural profile and socioeconomic status of the monitoring area, and obtain the Northeast through interview surveys and sample line survey methods.

Tiger information.

5.1.2.2 Information is collected on a monitoring cycle of one year.

5.1.3 Information Verification

5.1.3.1 In addition to the information found by the monitors and professional and technical personnel, the information obtained through other channels should be verified by site surveys.

5.1.3.2 When trace information is found, a verification team consisting of two or more persons shall conduct on-site investigation to verify the information, and do a good job of safety prevention for the inspectors.

Protection work.

5.1.3.3 Discriminate species based on footprints or other traces and relics. Individual identification can also be performed based on characteristic analysis of measurement data.

5.1.3.4 Footprint measurement indicators include the size of the forefoot footprint, the width of the palm rest, and the step distance. The measurement data is not less than 4 and the average value is taken. fill Write a field information verification record form (see Table A.1 in Appendix A).

5.1.3.5 Take a ruler to take a picture of clear footprints or other marks before measurement. For footprints with a hard texture, it is advisable to perform footprint measurements after the measurement is completed.

Plaster mold printing.

5.1.3.6 Obtain information by talking to the information discoverer or interview, and fill in the interview information survey form (see Table A.2 in Appendix A).

5.1.3.7 Obtain information on human or animal injury or predation caused by the monitored species, and conduct on-site verification to fill in wild animal predation and injury to human or animal Questionnaire (see Table A.3 in Appendix A).

5.2 Spline method

5.2.1 Sample line layout

5.2.1.1 The layout of the sample line should pass through various habitat types in the monitoring area as much as possible.

5.2.1.2 The length of the sample lines is preferably 6km to 8km; the distance between sample lines is not less than 2km.

5.2.1.3 The starting point of the sample line and the passing route shall be marked on the topographic map of 1. 100,000 or the forest map of 1. 50,000.

5.2.1.4 The layout of the sample lines should be uniform, and no less than 2 sample lines should be arranged in each monitoring sample point, and no more than the sample lines in each monitoring area.

30 articles.

5.2.1.5 The intensity of the sample line is 100 square meters per 100km2, and the total length of the sample line is not less than 36km.

5.2.2 Time and frequency

The field survey period is from the beginning of December every year to March of the following year, and at least one sample survey is conducted during each survey period.

5.2.3 Records

5.2.3.1 The travelling speed of pedestrian survey should be 2.0km/h, and record fresh footprints, other activity traces, and geographic coordinates (GPS points). fill in Field sample survey record form (see Table A.4 in Appendix A).

5.2.3.2 When the footprints of multiple (groups) of animals are not clear during the survey, the footprint chain should be followed until the Siberian tiger can be accurately identified and its prey footprint, until the number of footprints is distinguished.

5.3 Infrared camera monitoring

5.3.1 Camera selection and mode settings

5.3.1.1 Camera selection

The selected camera pixel should be no less than 12 million, the low temperature resistance performance can reach -30 ° C, the number of continuous photos should be no less than 3, and the time interval should be the minimum value allowed by the camera, the video length is not less than 15s.

5.3.1.2 Camera settings

The system option function is set to camera mode, video mode, timer mode, photo/video mixed shooting. Image size. smp; timing Setting. Off; Password setting. None; PLR on both sides. On; Sensitivity. Medium.

5.3.2 Camera layout

5.3.2.1 Deployment principles

The principles are as follows.

a) Deploy cameras in the Siberian Tiger distribution area, with no less than one pair of cameras per 10km2 area. (Set as video and photo respectively mode);

b) The camera layout should follow the principle of uniform equidistance, and the layout distance should not be less than 3km. It can be appropriately based on specific factors such as mountain system, terrain and altitude Adjust the layout spacing;

c) The number of Siberian tiger activities is more or more concentrated, and the number of Siberian tiger predatory activities should be appropriately increased.

5.3.2.2 Selecting the location

Select the area where the Siberian Tiger appears or is suspected of Siberian Tiger activity. Priority is given to the trails and water that the Siberian Tiger and its prey often walk.

Source cameras, ridges, transport lanes, etc.

5.3.3 Camera installation

5.3.3.1 Location

The two cameras are installed on the path where animals may appear and move, and on both sides of the place. When the cameras are installed, the sensors must Past locations.

5.3.3.2 Height

It is based on being able to see the path of animal movement in the viewfinder of the monitoring camera. Generally, it is advisable to take a vertical height (60 ± 10) cm from the ground.

Due to environmental conditions, when a height of 90cm or more is required, the camera lens should be taken from an overhead angle.

5.3.3.3 Shooting distance

The camera should be placed (5.0 ± 2.0) m from where the animal may pass.

5.3.3.4 Camera fixing

Use the camera strap to fix the infrared camera on the trunk or natural objects. It is better to choose trees with a breast diameter greater than 16cm.

5.3.3.5 Commissioning

After the infrared camera is installed, the camera should be tested, including camera performance, parameter settings, shooting distance and shooting angle.

5.3.3.6 Numbering and Recording. Number the camera before placement, fill in the record form, and indicate the specific placement location and environmental conditions.

(See Table B.1 in Appendix B)

5.3.3.7 Site cleanup

After the camera is installed, remove the obstructions in front of the camera unit to ensure the camera's endurance and shooting results.

5.3.4 Data Collection

5.3.4.1 Data collection and maintenance

Collect information and maintain the camera every three months, check whether the camera is damaged or lost, and adjust the shooting angle and position Replace the battery and data storage card. Remove weeds and obstructions.

5.3.4.2 Data interpretation and analysis

View the collected information one by one, retain photos and video data of Siberian tiger and other animals, and establish a Siberian tiger information database.

Fill out photo records and statistical forms. (See Table B.2 in Appendix B)

6.1 Monitoring technology route

Using 3S (GPS, GIS, RS) technology and a combination of sampling methods, sampling line methods, data collection and other technical methods to collect Siberian tiger habitat Information on the ground conditions is based on quantitative analysis and supplemented by qualitative analysis to build a scientific, standardized and feasible monitoring technology system.

6.2 Monitoring time and frequency

6.2.1 Habitat vegetation and plant communities are carried out every 5 years. The monitoring time should be selected from June to August each year.

It should be completed within a certain period of time, and the duration should not exceed 30d.

6.2.2 It will be carried out once every 2 years, from April to May, to collect the social and economic information of the previous year.

6.3 Monitoring factors

6.3.1 Vegetation and plant communities

Vegetation. geographical location, vegetation type. Plant community. geographical location, site conditions.

6.3.2 Protection management and threat factors

Management agency construction status, nature reserve operation status, community co-management status; man-made threat factors, other threat factors.

6.3.3 Natural factor indicators

Vegetation type. distribution area, area proportion. Plant community. flora type, flora structure, canopy density of trees and shrubs, species abundance Richness, average height, average DBH.

6.3.4 Social factor indicators

Number of management agencies, staffing, on-the-job personnel, training status, etc .; number, area, law enforcement, publicity of nature reserves Education, compensation for wild animal accidents, location of threatened habitats, types of interference, degree of interference, etc.

6.4 Monitoring methods

6.4.1 Vegetation monitoring

Vegetation types are monitored using remote sensing interpretation, and plant communities are monitored using sample methods. Fill in the record form (see table in Appendix C) C.1, Table C.2).

6.4.2 Monitoring of management status and threat factors

6.4.2.1 Use questionnaires, field visits, and second-hand data collection methods to categorize statistical management status, conduct a horizontal comparative analysis, and understand the monitoring Measure regional socio-economic dynamics.

6.4.2.2 Monitor habitat threats through remote sensing interpretation, sample plots and field visits, and use GIS software to map various types of disturbances Deploy bitmaps and use field interviews to collect information on the spatiotemporal changes of various interference factors in the monitoring area as supplementary information to participate in habitats Analysis of monitoring results. (See Table C.3, Table C.4, Table C.5 in Appendix C).

7.1 Siberian Tiger Feature Recognition

Siberian tiger appearance characteristics and measurement indicators (see Appendix D).

7.2 Footprint determination

7.2.1 When analyzing individuals based on measurement data, the width of the forefoot palm pad is 10cm to 10.5cm, which is determined to be a male sub-adult; the width of the forefoot palm pad is 9.5cm ~ 10cm, it can be judged as male sub-adult or female tiger, and it should be further judged according to other indicators. (Male, female and young tiger judging targets (See Table D.1 in Appendix D).

7.2.2 If two or more individuals have been monitored for activity information, and they are one large, one small, or one large and two small, they can be judged as adult females and young tigers.

If during the breeding and mating period from December to March, two tigers are found moving together, and the width of the palm rest exceeds 10.0cm and 11.5cm, respectively.

Can be determined to be a male and a female.

7.3 Scratch recognition

Under normal circumstances, male tigers have relatively concentrated urine spots and female tigers are relatively scattered; male tigers with a height greater than 3.0m are male, and the rest are female Tiger or sub-adult tiger.

7.4 Pattern discrimination

Scan the body-side pattern of the Siberian tiger photo with software and compare and analyze with the original photo pattern to determine the individual characteristics of the Siberian tiger. And pass Other auxiliary information determines the corresponding indicators such as gender and maturity.

7.5 DNA identification

The obtained feces, wool and other samples will be tested for DNA, and the genomic DNA data of the samples will be obtained, and the species will be determined by the sample genotype comparison analysis.

And individuals.

8.1 Distribution area determination

8.1.1 The area where Siberian tiger information was recorded during the monitoring process was determined as the active area.

8.1.2 Determine the range of the distribution area by monitoring the connection of GPS sites around the Siberian Tiger activity information. If the habitat is similar to the GPS location, you can move outward 10km to 15km.

8.2 Population status and dynamic analysis

8.2.1 Directly analyze the number of distributions according to the Siberian tiger distribution area. The sum of the number of different distribution areas is the population of the monitoring area. (Calculated by (See Appendix E)

8.2.2 The field monitoring data and statistics are based on the monitoring areas of different mountain systems, and the statistical data of the species monitoring raw data are filled in statistically (see Appendix A.

Table A5).

8.2.3 The number of species monitored in each mountain monitoring area shall be statistically analyzed.

8.2.4 According to footprint measurement data, such as the width of the tiger's palm pad, the size of the footprint, the pace, the time of the footprint, the direction of the footprint, and the GPS position Points, separation distance, auxiliary stool, hair, urine, lying traces, food debris, etc., comprehensive pattern comparison, DNA analysis for individual identification, row in addition to repeated statistical analysis of individuals, determine the number of monitoring areas.

8.2.5 Based on the ecological characteristics of predatory animals such as territoriality, family group, wandering individuals, migration and spread, etc., duplicate statistics are excluded.

Analyze the monitoring data to help identify the number of individuals.

8.2.6 Statistical analysis is allowed for the existence of uncertain individuals. Uncertain individuals can be used as interval estimates of statistical quantities; the fewer uncertain individuals, the higher the accuracy of the statistics.

8.2.7 Analyze the trend of population dynamics based on statistical results of population status. Statistical analysis of monitoring data should be omitted Data, and explain the basis and reasons.

8.3 Evaluation of ungulate richness

8.3.1 Statistical methods According to the results of the sample line survey, the relative abundance of ungulates in the monitoring area is counted. The relative abundance is recorded in unit length.

Number of fresh footprint chains to ungulates.

8.3.2 The abundance of ungulates is an important indicator of habitat evaluation. Comparing the relative abundance of ungulates in different monitoring areas, it can be divided Level, a measure of the relative abundance of ungulates.

8.3.3 Calculate the relative richness of various ungulates in each monitoring area and obtain the relative richness of various ungulates. Use total phase the richness value is evaluated for the predator richness in the monitoring area. (See Appendix E for statistical methods)

9.1 Monitoring report text

Monitoring report includes preface, natural and socioeconomic profile of the monitoring area, monitoring methods, monitoring results, habitat monitoring and evaluation, conclusions and analysis, protection management recommendations. among them.

a) Natural and socio-economic profile including topography, landform, soil, hydrology, vegetation, land use status, transportation, population, etc .;

a) The monitoring method is the specific monitoring method used, which can be one or more methods used in combination;

b) Monitoring results include Siberian tiger distribution, number, habitat status, Siberian tiger population and habitat change trends, socioeconomic status and trends, Siberian tiger food resources and trends;

c) Conclusions and analysis The monitoring results should be summarized, and the analysis of the Siberian tiger distribution area and the trend of population dynamics, etc.

d) Protection management recommendations include management status and evaluation, problems and suggestions.

9.2 Annex to Monitoring report

Attachments to the monitoring report include. Siberian Tiger Discovery Site Map, Siberian Tiger Trace Discovery Site Map, Prey Discovery Site Map, Siberian Tiger Distribution Map Ungulate distribution map, field monitoring data statistics table, etc. The distribution map of hoofed resources should choose 1. 100000 topographic map.

Appendix A

(Informative appendix) Siberian Tiger Monitoring Information Record Form

Table A.1 Information Record of Siberian Tiger Monitoring Traces

Species time year month day weather snow depth Location County (Forestry Bureau) Geographical coordinates N. E. elevation m slope position aspect Slope residential distance km Forest Favored Tree Species Last Snowfall Date Item N1 N2 N3 N4 Average Remarks Footprint length × width㎝ Discovery process.

Microhabitat.

Traces leave time.

Individual speculation.

Forefoot pads wide

Hindfoot pads wide

Normal stride

Claw mark width㎝

Hanging claw height ㎝ Lying track length × width Urine spots Feces (heap) Hair (root) Food debris other Information finder

Table A.2 Survey Form of Siberian Tiger Monitoring Visit Information

Time and place survey respondent name Occupational sex and age knowledge of local wildlife

1 Hunting

1.1 Encounter the number of cases are there more or fewer underrepresented people?

1.2 Other hunting tackle types and quantities

1.3 Is there a gun hunt?

1.4 Types and quantities of poached prey

2 Deforestation

2.1 The last harvest time of the plot

2.2 Distance between the sample plot and the current harvesting area

2.3 Current harvesting methods, intensity and area

2.4 Has a forest fire occurred? Time, fire area

3 Species status

3.1 What rare and endangered species are there?

3.2 Estimated quantities and trends, have they decreased or increased...