LY/T 3103-2019Technical regulations for pruning control of Arceuthobium sichuanense (English PDF)

3.1 Inspection

Spruce dwarf mistletoe should be from May to September every year, along the natural lines such as highways, forest trails, etc., to the edge of the forest within 50 m, A survey of tending the felled area and surrounding trees that year found that the spruce had chlorotic needles, broom-like bushes, yellow, red, or trees at the time of death, detailed records were made and the results of the investigation were entered in Appendix C.

3.2 Detailed investigation

3.2.1 Site setting

In the forests damaged by the spruce dwarf mistletoe, randomly select at least 3 small groups to set up spruce plots in the forest class.

Investigation on the occurrence (harmfulness) of dwarf mistletoe, the plot size is 30 m × 30 m. Fill in the basic information of the plot according to the forest survey results in the small class for the status table, see Appendix D.

3.2.2 Disease classification

The canopy is divided into upper, middle, and lower parts. According to the infection status of spruce dwarf mistletoe in each part, they are described as 0, 1, 2 from light to heavy Level, and add the three levels of the crown to obtain the dwarf mistletoe rating (DMR) of the entire tree, see Appendix E.

3.2.3 Site survey

Each tree was surveyed in the plot. According to the occurrence and harm of spruce dwarf mistletoe on each spruce, fill out a single tree survey before pruning Record form, see Appendix F.

4.1 Pruning time

Pruning will be carried out from November to February of that year.

4.2 Pruning per plant

For each injured tree, different pruning intensities are adopted according to different disease levels, see Appendix G.

4.3 Forest pruning

According to the different disease severity of the forest stands, corresponding pruning techniques are adopted, see Appendix H.

4.4 Pruning methods

When pruning, the diseased branches should be pruned along the trunk and the incision should be smooth. If the pruned branches are thin and there are no obvious nodules or collars, it should be close to the stem, cut vertically from the base of the branch. If the diameter of the repaired branch is greater than 3 cm, you should first saw from the bottom of the branch and then from the top the saw was lifted from the side, and finally the base of the branches was removed to avoid tearing the bark. For the operation method, refer to Appendix I.

4.5 Post-pruning treatment

The wound should be sealed with paint or preservative. The trimmed bushes should be cleaned up and concentrated for disposal.

5.1 Survey method

Select the stand that is close to the occurrence of parasitic damage in the pruning area to set the control area, and select a representative small class to set up the plot in the control area.

Refer to Section 3.2.1 for sample site settings.

5.2 Investigation time

Investigate once before pruning, and regularly after May to September every year after pruning. Investigate whether there are primary or secondary infestations in pruning plots and whether it caused secondary diseases and insect pests.

5.3 Investigation contents

Investigate the results of the plot after pruning, and fill in the single-wood survey record form after pruning, see Appendix F. According to the survey results before and after pruning, Fill in the statistical table of the spruce dwarf mistletoe pruning effect, see Appendix K. The calculation formula is shown in Appendix J.

5.4 Evaluation of control effect

Calculate the disease changes in the pruned area and the control area based on the disease index of the pruned area and the control area, for control effect, see Appendix J for calculation formula.

Appendix A

(Informative appendix) Symptoms of Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe

Figure A.1 Healthy Qinghai Spruce

Figure A.2 Qinghai spruce infected by spruce dwarf mistletoe

Appendix B

(Informative appendix) Biological Characteristics and Life History of Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe B.1 Biological characteristics and life history of Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe Spruce dwarf mistletoe is a plant of the genus Arceuthobium in the Viscaceae family, commonly known as Dwarf mistletoe), a parasitic subshrub with a plant height of less than 20 cm. The plant is yellow or green, the surface is smooth, and the dioecious. Newborn the root grows from a sucker-like attachment formed by the swollen top of the seed germ, and wedge-shaped cells extend into the host cortex, reach the xylem, and the inner extension forms a wedge-shaped suction root. Branches opposite or whorled, stem nodes are cylindrical, internodes 1 mm to 6 mm, trunk base diameter 1 mm to 1.8 mm, Most of them are dorsally and densely erect, with pseudo-forked branches, and a few of them have chloroplasts and can carry out photosynthesis.

Spruce dwarf mistletoe is specifically parasitic on spruce plants such as Qinghai spruce, purple fruit spruce, western Sichuan spruce, Tibetan spruce, barberry the perimeter is relatively narrow, and parasitic pine was found in Qinghai for the first time. Currently mainly distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Tibet and other places in China.

Dwarf mistletoe is an obligate host plant, and its life and reproduction must depend on the nutrition and water support of the living host, only when the host dies Causes dwarf mistletoe to die completely. The occurrence of dwarf mistletoe is closely related to forest canopy density, stand type, degree of mixing, etc., and its seed ejection Reproductive strategies of transmission and physiological characteristics of light-growth growth significantly affect the occurrence and spread of Dwarf mistletoe, while certain tree spacing is Mistletoe the attachment of parasitic seeds provides good conditions. Usually 70% of the seeds are ejected in the range of 3 m to 7 m under the canopy. Non-host planting in mixed forest the object can block the ejection of the dwarf mistletoe seed, thereby achieving the effect of blocking its propagation path.

Figure B.1 Life history of spruce dwarf mistletoe

Appendix C

(Normative appendix) Spruce dwarf mistletoe step check list

Table C.1 Record table of spruce dwarf mistletoe

Investigation unit or Investigator Investigation time Step chart number vegetation type Village (Linban) Substation No. (Small Place Name) Survey results.

Serial number

Whether there is Spruce Dwarf parasitic Host Name Hazardous Location Distribution (single plant, Lumps, flakes) other DD Appendix D (Normative appendix) Examine the record of the plot

Table D.1 Record records

Sample No .. Survey Time. Investigator.

Recorder.

Forestry bureau

Forest farm

Lin Ban

Small class

Stand

Types of

Advantage

species

Advantage

Muping

Even chest

Advantage

Muping

Junshu

average

Tree age

average

DBH

average

Tree height

Forest

temperature

Forest

humidity

Yu closed

Onset

Number of plants

Standard detailed location (GPS).

East longitude.

north latitude.

Standard sketch map. (Indicate each Side azimuth and side length, referring to north Direction; four corners marked with 1, 2, 3, 4 position) Standard floor area. hm2 Site Factor Investigation Record Project graded measured value Soil type Slope < 5 °, 5 ° ~ 15 °, 16 ° ~ 25 °,> 25 ° Aspect to Yin, Yang, Half Yin, Half Yang Slope position Ridge, up, middle, down, flat Terrain hillside, ridge, flat land, valley floor Four corners of the plot 1.2.

Diagonal center of plot 5.

Undergrowth species

Undergrowth thickness Herbal species Herb thickness 1.2.3.

Appendix E

(Normative appendix) Disease classification criteria for spruce dwarf mistletoe

Figure E.1 Disease classification criteria for spruce dwarf mistletoe

Appendix F

(Normative appendix) Field survey of spruce dwarf mistletoe before and after pruning

Table F.1 Record form of single wood survey before pruning

Sample No .. Survey Time. Investigator. Recorder.

Number of tree species DBH (cm) Tree height (m) Living branches Height (m) Dwarf Mistletoe Condition level (DMR) with or without Pest hazard Dry note Note. Numbering. sequential numbering (1, 2, 3, ...); tree species. scientific name; DBH. diameter of the trunk at 1.3 m from the ground surface, when the section is deformed, the largest measurement is taken the average value of the value and the minimum value, unit. cm, accuracy 0.0; tree height. refers to the height of the crown from the ground, unit. m, accuracy 0.0; height under the branch.

The height from the ground to the branch point of the first layer, unit. m, accuracy 0.0; crown width. width of the canopy north-south or east-west direction, unit. m; accuracy 0.0;

Stem shape. 1 straight round, 2 parts slightly curved, 3 more branches, 4 two branches, 5 significantly curved, 6 broken slightly.

Table F.2 Record form of single tree investigation after pruning

Sample No .. Survey Time. Investigator. Recorder.

Number of tree species DBH (cm) Tree height (m) Living branches Height (m) Dwarf Mistletoe Condition level (DMR) with or without Pest hazard Dry note GG Appendix G (Normative appendix) Pruning Intensity of Individual Plants of Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe

Table G.1 Criteria for division of pruning intensity of individual spruce dwarf mistletoe

Condition level (DMR) Pruning intensity when DMR is 1-2 (mild infection) Remove the infected branches and all uninfected branches below the broom-like bushes, and control the pruning intensity Below 1/3 of the canopy.

When DMR is 3 to 4 (moderate infection) Remove the infected branches and all uninfected branches below the broom-like bushes, and control the pruning intensity Below 2/3 of the canopy.

When the DMR is 5-6 (severe infection), the middle and lower branches of the canopy are removed, and the pruning intensity is controlled below 2/3 of the entire crown.

Note. The infected branches are located in the upper part of the tree.

Appendix H

(Normative appendix) Pruning techniques of spruce forest stands with different incidences

Table H.1 Pruning techniques of spruce forest stands with different incidences

Disease degree pruning Clean the non-diseased forest land and keep it clean.

Mildly affected woodland (Incidence rate < 30%; disease index < 15) (1) When the DMR is 1 to 2, it is the main pruning object, and there is no visible after pruning.

Clump

(2) When the DMR is 3 to 4, reduce the disease level and prevent further surrounding Proliferation, which can be removed as the case may be;

(3) When the DMR is 5 to 6, the diseased strain is directly removed.

Moderately affected woodland (30% <= diseased strain rate < 60%; 15 <= disease index < 30) (1) When the DMR is 1 to 2, it is the main pruning target;

(2) When the DMR is 3 to 4, reduce the disease level and prevent further surrounding diffusion;

(3) When the DMR is 5 to 6, clear the dead bushes and clear the forest at the same time.

Diseases of the ground.

Severely affected woodland (60% <=onset strain rate < 80%; 30<=condition index < 45) (1) Do not take measures to repair live branches.

(2) Establish a 15--20 m isolation zone or use natural barriers (roads, roads, Rivers, gullies, non-host tree species, etc.), seeds for preventing and controlling spruce dwarf mistletoe Spread to surrounding healthy woodlands.

(3) Remove dead branches and branches to reduce the burden on the tree itself.

(4) Strengthen the dynamic monitoring of severely invaded forest land diseases and insect pests, and remove the affected by spruce dwarf Mistletoe and plant pests in synergy.

Very severely affected woodland (The diseased strain rate is >=80%; the disease index is >=45) Note. Unless otherwise specified, they are all standards for the degree of occurrence (hazard) of forestation, and the standards for the degree of occurrence (hazard) of young forests are reduced accordingly by 1/3.

Appendix I

(Normative appendix) Schematic diagram of spruce dwarf mistletoe damage pruning location

Figure I.1 No obvious nodules or collars

Note. A is the correct position for pruning, and B and C are incorrect positions for pruning.

Figure I.2 has obvious nodules or collars

Note. (1) When the stem is smaller than 3 cm, use the A or B method; (2) When the stem is larger than 3 cm, use the B or C method; (3) Regardless of the diameter, D is Wrong way.

Appendix J

(Normative appendix) Correlative formula for spruce dwarf mistletoe damage J.1 Mortality the formula for calculating the mortality rate is shown in formula (J.1).

In the formula.

Y1-% mortality;

X1--number of dead strains;

X--Investigate the total number of plants.

J.2 Incidence rate

The formula for calculating the diseased plant rate is shown in the formula (J.2).

In the formula.

Y2-- diseased strain rate%;

X2--number of diseased strains;

X--Investigate the total number of plants.

J.3 Condition Index

The formula for calculating the illness index is shown in formula (J.3).

In the formula.

D--condition index;

na--a diseased tree;

a--the representative value of the disease level;

X--investigation total number of plants;

A--The highest disease level represents the value.

J.4 Pruning effect

See the formula for the pruning effect calculation formula (J.4 ~ J.6).

N = N2- N1/N2 ... (J.6) in the formula.

N1-disease index in pruning area;

N2--control area disease index;

D1--initial disease index of pruning area;

D2--end-stage disease index in pruning area;

D3-- initial disease index in the control area;

D4--end-stage disease index in the control area;

N--Pruning effect.

Appendix K

(Normative appendix) Investigation on Control Effect of Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe

Table K.1 Survey on the control effect of spruce dwarf mistletoe

Location of investigation. Time of investigation. Investigator.

Look like

Serial number

Control effect before and after pruning (%) Note Total plot Number of plants death Number of plants Disease strain rate(%) Condition index Total plot Number of plants death Number of plants Disease strain rate(%) Condition index