LY/T 3098-2019Regulation of monitoring and assessing the benefits of protective forest projects in (English PDF)

4.1 Price Index Method

alphanm = Im 1 × Im 2 × ... × In Pn = Pm × alphanm alphanm--price conversion coefficient (n > m) for converting the price of the m-th year of a commodity into the price of the n-th year;

Im 1, Im 2,, In--the price index of this category of goods in year m, m2, n, from the official of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China Web query Pn, Pm--respectively the price of a commodity in the nth and mth years, yuan.

4.2 Discount rate method

Pn = Pm × (1 em) × (1 em 1) × ... × (1 en-1) Pn, Pm--respectively the price of a commodity in the nth and mth years, yuan.

em, em 1 ,, en-1--respectively are the m-th, m-th, and n-1 year standard discount rates.

m--The year for which the price parameter of a commodity is available.

n--Evaluation year.

5 Measurement and monitoring methods of physical quantity and value quantity.

5.1 Measurement and monitoring methods of physical value and value of single benefit

See Appendix A.

5.2 Total value

JTotal = sum Ji

J Total and Ji are the total value of engineering benefits (or total ecological benefit value, total economic benefit value, total social benefit value) and the value of individual benefits. Unit. Yuan/a.

5.3 Monitoring and evaluation time selection

After the project is completed, a certain year of the structural stability of the shelter forest is selected as the monitoring and evaluation year, or every 2 to 5 years after the project is completed Monitoring and evaluation to monitor and evaluate the changes in the comprehensive benefits of the shelter forest in different periods (early, middle and late), and calculate the average annual benefits.

6.1 Shelter forest quality rating

The ecological benefit comprehensive index (EI) was used to rank the quality of shelter forests. EI calculation method see LY/T 2093.

6.2 Project input-output ratio

The total project input K (yuan/hm2) is only calculated for the direct input, including. seedling costs, labor costs for land preparation, afforestation, management and protection, and harvest Machinery costs, infrastructure construction costs, ecological compensation costs, etc. The total project input is converted into the price in the year of evaluation.

The comprehensive benefits of the project are always measured in terms of annual value. Among them, the annual value amount can be the value of a certain monitoring year when the protection forest has entered a stable stage.

The total amount can also be the average annual value of the whole growth period of the shelter forest.

The input-output ratio R (a) represents the number of years required to recover costs after completion. Calculation.

President

6.3 Comprehensive benefit evaluation classification table

The comprehensive benefit rating is divided into five grades. excellent, good, average, poor, and extremely poor. When the total value of the comprehensive benefits of the shelter forest (Yuan/hm

2) less than

When it is equal to 0, the project benefit level is "extremely poor"; when the sum of the value of the main functions of the shelter forest is greater than 0, according to the ecological effectiveness of the shelter forest the comprehensive benefit index (EI) and input-output ratio (R) rate the comprehensive benefits of the project. See Appendix C for grading methods.

Appendix A

(Normative appendix) Measurement method and corresponding monitoring method of physical value and value of single benefit Single effect Benefit index Evaluation techniques and monitoring methods Physical quantity value C1. Han Water storage capacity Connotation Refers to the maximum amount of rainfall that can be stored on forest land, including canopy interception, maximum water holding capacity of litter, and forest soil water storage during rainfall Measurement method WWater storage = W Joe shrubs W soil W litter Wqiao irrigation grass = × sum (( P × a × rho - Cg, i - Rg, i ai P × a × rho - C0 - R0 a ) × Ag, i) WSoil = × sum ((sum dj × (epsilong, i, j - epsilon0, j) j i × Ag, i) W Litter = × sum ((deltag, i - delta0) i × Ag, i) J impoundment = W impoundment × P reservoir WWater storage-water storage increment after project implementation, m 3; irrigated grass, irrigated soil, litter-fall Maximum soil water holding capacity and litter maximum water holding capacity increase, m3; P-single rainfall, mm, a-single water balance field area;

rho-density of water, 1000 kg/m 3; Cg, i, Rg, i-the i-type forest penetration rainfall and trunk runoff in the project area, kg; C0, R0-Non-capillary porosity in layer j of the soil profile,%; epsilon0, j- Non-capillary porosity in layer j of soil profile,%; deltag, i-i. Maximum water holding capacity per litre of forests per unit area, kg/m2; delta0-Maximum water holding capacity per litre of forest areas per project area, kg/m 2;

Ag, i-area of species i forest stand, m 2;

-Conversion factor for units of water volume from kg to m3, or conversion from mm to m3 Coefficient; the value of the water storage effect of the water storage in the project area, yuan; the water storage capacity of the water storage unit in the reservoir, yuan/m Monitoring method Set up 1 to 5 penetrating rain and runoff observation sites in different forests (or sites) and control areas in the project area, and measure 0-100 cm non-capillary porosity in the soil profile and determine the maximum water holding capacity of the litter layer. Observation methods for each component are performed with reference to LY/T 1952.

C2. Change

Good water quality

Connotation

Nutrients in farmland, woodland soil, and rainfall in the upper reaches are intercepted, absorbed, and transformed by the shelterbelt as it flows through the shelterbelt.

This reduces the amount of nutrients flowing into natural water bodies.

Measurement method

MN = sum sum (C0, m, N × V0, m - Cg, i, m, N × Vg, i, m m i MP = sum sum (C0, m, P × V0, m - Cg, i, m, P × Vg, i, m m i MCOD = sum sum (C0, m, COD × V0, m - Cg, i, m, COD mi × Vg, i, m) VN = MN C N, standard , VP = MP C P, standard , VCOD = MCOD C COD, standard V purification = min (VN, VP, VCOD) JPurified water quality = VPurification × PSewage treatment MN, MP, MCOD--the increments of N, P, and COD in the runoff fluid after the project is implemented, kg;

C0, m, COD-the monthly average concentrations of N, P, and COD in the mth monthly runoff in the control area, g/m 3; Cg, i, m, N, Cg, i, m, P, Cg, i, m, COD- are the monthly average concentrations of N, P, and COD in the mth monthly runoff of the i-type forest (or site) in the project area, g/m 3;

V0, m-mth monthly output in the control area, m 3; Vg, i, m-the mth monthly output of the i-th forest (or site) in the project area, m 3; VN, VP, VCOD-point table is the volume of water body converted according to N, P, COD, m 3; V purification-the volume of water that meets the standard, VN, VP, Minimum value in VCOD, m 3; CN, standard, CP, standard, CCOD, standard-respectively, "Emission Standards for Pollutants in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB 18918-2002) The highest values of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and COD in the standard A of the first-level standard are 15, 0.5, and 50 mg/L, respectively;

JPurification of water quality-the annual value of water purification benefits of shelter forest projects, yuan; PSewage treatment-cost of water purification, based on the location of the project Domestic sewage treatment fee in the price of ground water, yuan/m3 Monitoring method Runoff field is used to observe the monthly output of different forests (or sites) and control areas in the project area, and to observe the project area and control area by month Content of N, P and COD in runoff. Runoff includes surface runoff and underflow. The observation method is implemented according to LY/T 1952.

C3. Solid

Holding soil

Intrinsic shelter forests reduce the amount of soil movement that occurs through landslides, debris flows, and runoff.

Measurement method

WSolid soil = sum ((E0 - Eg, i) i × Ag, i) J = Solid soil earth × P WFixed soil-the soil erosion modulus of the project area is smaller than that of the control area, t/a; E0, Eg, i- are the i species forest in the control area and the engineering area (Or site) soil erosion model, t/hm2/a; Ag, i-i-type forest stand (or site) area, hm 2; Consolidation soil-work Annual value of solid soil in the process area, yuan; soil-soil density, g/cm 3; soil transportation-soil excavation and transportation costs, yuan/m 3.

Monitoring method Set up a grit chamber in each runoff field to measure the soil erosion modulus.

C4. Education

Soil fertilization

Connotation

After the shelterbelt was built, the nutrients lost through soil loss were reduced on the one hand, and Soil thickness increases and fertility increases, especially for difficult site shelter forest projects.

Measurement method

Guarantee N = sum ((sum (dg, i, j × Cg, i, j, N) ji - sum (d0, k × C0, k, N) k ) × Ag, i) Guarantee P = sum ((sum (dg, i, j × Cg, i, j, P) ji - sum (d0, k × C0, k, P) k ) × Ag, i) ji - sum (d0, k × C0, k, K) k ) × Ag, i) M Guaranteed Organic Matter = sum ((sum (dg, i, j × Cg, i, j, organic matter) ji - sum (d0, k × C0, k, organic matter) k × Ag, i) MOrganic fertilizer, NPK = wNPK, standard MOrganic fertilizer, organic matter = Organic matter wOrganic matter, standard MOrganic fertilizer = MIN (M organic fertilizer, NPK, M organic fertilizer, organic matter) Fertilizing by fertilizing soil = Morganic fertilizer × Porganic fertilizer Nitrogen N, Nitrogen P, Nitrogen K, Nitrogen Organic Matter-the preservation increments of soil N, P, K, and organic matter in the project area, respectively, with nitrogen, Phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide and organic matter mass, kg; Cg, i, j, N, Cg, i, j, P, Cg, i, j, K, Cg, i, j, organic matter-Project area i Species Stand (or site) j, soil layer N, P, K and organic matter content, kg/m3; C0, k, N, C0, k, P, C0, k, K, C0, k, organic matter-Contents of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, and organic matter in the k-th soil layer of the control area, kg/m3; di, j, and dk-respectively I-th forest (or site) j-th soil layer in the project area and k-th soil layer thickness in the control area, m; Ag, i-i-th forest in the project area Point (or site) area, m2; M organic fertilizer, NPK, M organic fertilizer, organic matter-calculated as N, P, K total nutrients and organic matter, respectively Quality of organic fertilizer, kg; M organic fertilizer-organic fertilizer equivalent weight, based on the minimum value of M organic fertilizer, NPK, M organic fertilizer, organic matter, kg; wNPK, standard, w organic matter, standard-are the mass nutrients ((nitrogenous phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide) mass fraction specified in the organic fertilizer standard) the minimum value (based on drying basis) and the mass fraction of organic matter are 5.0% and 45%, respectively;

Value of fertilizer benefit value, yuan; P organic fertilizer-price of organic fertilizer, yuan/kg.

Monitoring method

A mixed sample of 0-100 cm cross section of soil from different stands (or sites) in the project area and the control area was used to determine N, P, K, and organic matter.

content.

C5. Solid

Connotation

On the one hand, during the process of photosynthesis, plants absorb CO2 in the atmosphere and store them in the form of organic matter. At the same time, they release oxygen.

The equation is. 6CO2 6H2O photosynthetic radiationC6H12O6 6O2; on the other hand, soil heterotrophic respiration and plant autotrophic respiration release CO2.

Measurement method

WFixed carbon = sum (((0.4445 × (Bg, i, y 1 - Bg, i, y) i (Fg, i, y 1 - Fg, i, y)] - (0.4445 × (B0, y 1 - B0, y) (F0, y 1 - F0, y))) × Ag, i) Carbon Fixation = Carbon Fixation × Carbon Sink WCarbon sequestration-annual carbon sequestration increase after project implementation, t/a; Bg, i, y, Bg, i, y 1- y species of forest in project area in y and y 1 years Biomass, t/hm2; B0, y, B0, y 1-Biomass of the control area in years y and y1, t/hm 2; Fg, i, Fg, Fg, i, y 1-Soil organic carbon storage in the y species of forest in the y and y 1 years, t/hm2; F0, y, F0, y 1-y and y 1 years Soil organic carbon storage, t/hm2; 0.4445-conversion coefficient of biomass to carbon content in the control area. Chemical reaction based on photosynthesis According to the formula, for every 1 t of dry matter produced by the plant, the average carbon dioxide absorption is 1.63 t, which is equivalent to 0.4445 t of carbon sequestration, and at the same time releases oxygen 1.19 t. JCarbon sequestration-the value of newly added carbon sequestration after the project is implemented, Yuan/a; PCarbon sink--the market price of carbon trading, Yuan/t.

Monitoring method

Observe the biomass and soil organic carbon in the project area and the control area at the beginning of the year and the beginning or end of the next year.

Reserves (new litter that year should be included in biomass calculations).

C6. Release

Connotation

Under aerobic conditions, the decomposition of organic matter by plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration is opposite to the process of photosynthesis and requires consumption.

The equivalent amount of oxygen, the equation is. C6H12O6 6O26CO2 6H2O energy. Aerobic respiration for forest ecosystems the main process of suction.

Measurement method

Tritium release oxygen = sum ((1.19 i × ((Bg, i, y 1 - Bg, i, y) - (B0, y 1 - B0, y)] - 2.67 × ((F0, y 1 - F0, y) - (Fg, i, y 1 - Fg, i, y))) × Ag, i) Tritium Oxide = Tritium Oxide × Tritium Oxygen W Oxygen release-increased oxygen release in the year after the project is implemented, t/a; Bg, i, y, Bg, y, 工程 1- y species of forest in project area in y-year and y 1 Year biomass, t/hm2; B0, y, B0, y 1-Biomass in control area y and y 1 year, t/hm 2; F0, y, F0, y 1-Soil organic carbon reserves in years y and y1, t/hm2; Fg, i, y, Fg, i, 工程, y 1-th species forest stand in project area y and y 1 Annual soil organic carbon storage, t/hm2; 1.19-According to the photosynthesis reaction formula, 1.19 t of oxygen is released for every 1 t of dry matter produced.

Tritium Oxygen Release-the value of newly added oxygen production after the project is implemented, yuan; tritium oxygen-the unit price of oxygen generation, yuan/t.

Monitoring method

Observe the biomass and soil organic carbon in the project area and the control area at the beginning of the year and the beginning or end of the next year.

Reserves (new litter that year should be included in biomass calculations).

C7. Guarantee

Breeding species

Introducing species, increasing habitats, or improving the environment in the protected forest project area has increased species diversity and cherished and endangered species in the project area.

Measurement method

H = - sum |

× log

J conservation species = (M conservation species, g - M conservation species, 0) × A M Conserved species = (1 0.1 × sum Ei i 0.1 × sum Bj j ) × S H-biodiversity index of the project area or control area (Shannon-Wiener index); ki-number of individuals of the i-th species;

k-the total number of individuals of all species in the community. Conservation species-the increase of species conservation value in the project area compared with the control area, yuan/a; A-Area of project area, hm2; Conservation species of salamander, Conservation species of salamander, g- is the value of species conservation services in the control area and the engineering area, yuan - a); Ei-endangered index of the rare species i, Bj-endemic index of the rare species j, endangered species Hexing the level query "Chinese Red List of Species (Volume 1)", the index determination method refers to Wang Bing et al. (2012);

Opportunity cost of annual species loss. According to LY/T 1721-2008, the Shannon-Wiener index is divided into 7 levels. when the index is < at 1 hour, the cost is 3,000 yuan/(hm 2 - a); when 1<=index < 2, the breeding rate is 5000 yuan/(hm 2 - a); when 2<=index < 3, 10000 yuan/(hm 2 - a); when 3<=index < 4, the breeding is 20,000 yuan/(hm 2 - a); when 4<=index < 5, 30,000 yuan/(hm2 - a); when 5 <= index < 6, the breeding rate is 40,000 yuan/(hm 2 - a); when the index is greater than or equal to 6 / (hm 2 - a). The above 2008 prices are converted into the evaluation year prices.

Monitoring methods Biodiversity survey methods are implemented with reference to LY/T 2241.

C8. Ease

Anti-high temperature Connotation Shelterbelts (especially farmland shelterbelt nets) can build a farmland microclimate environment, including regulating temperature and humidity, thereby increasing crop growth Production.

Measurement method

WCooling = 0, extremes - g, extremes J regulating microclimate = (Mg, crops - M0, crops) × A WCooling-the temperature of the air in the engineering protection zone is lower than that of the control zone under extreme high temperature conditions, °C; 0, extreme-the control zone is extremely high throughout the year Temperature (temperature greater than 35 °C) average value, °C; g, extreme-Engineering protection zone and control zone extreme temperature record corresponding year-round average temperature Mean, ° C. J Regulation of microclimate-value of protection of microclimate benefits by shelter forest project, Yuan; Mg, crops, M0, crops-respectively Annual output value of crop area per project protection area and control area, yuan; A-effective protection area of shelter forest, hm2.

Monitoring method

Meteorological stations are set up in the project protection area and the control area to monitor the meteorological elements such as temperature and wind speed. Filter out the year-round temperature in the control area Records higher than 35 °C, and find the corresponding records of the corresponding engineering protection area, and calculate the average value.

C9. Drop

Low Harm

Wind speed

Intrinsic shelter forests (especially farmland shelter forest nets) block wind speeds, thereby reducing crop damage due to high winds.

Measurement method

WCut wind = 0, extremes - g, extremes are combined with the benefits of shelter forests to mitigate high temperatures.

WCut wind-the wind speed reduction of the project protection zone compared with the control zone under extreme wind speed conditions, m/s; 0, extreme-control zone 6 grade ...