LY/T 3095-2019Technical regulations of maintenance management for greenhouse jujube (English PDF)

4.1 Variety selection

It is better to choose good varieties suitable for local cultivation.

4.2 Planting method

Rows are planted from north to south, with row spacing of 3m and plant spacing of 1.5m.

4.3 Shed time

Sheds were started in the initial fruit period, and the film was buckled each year when the external temperature stabilized at -3 ° C.

5.1 Plastic Trim

5.1.1 Juvenile

The young trees 1 to 2 years after planting should be fixed and shaped, and the fixed height should be controlled at 60cm ~ 70cm.

Four to five, and use pull branches, support branches, falling branches and other methods to lower the tree body to a suitable height.

5.1.2 Early fruit period

Before buckling the shed, the tree should be trimmed and trimmed. The height of the tree should be controlled at 30cm ~ 40cm below the shed film.

5.1.2 Fruiting period

5.1.2.1 Pruning should be done as follows before sprouts.

(1) Pruning branches with no or very low fruiting capacity, thinning cross branches, dense branches, overlapping branches and thin branches to ensure the tree body Reasonable branches, good ventilation and light transmission;

(2) Saw the dead branches, diseased insects and branches, and the sawing mouth should be flattened to prevent wound infection and decay;

(3) One- to two-year-old developmental branches extracted from the backbone branches can be clipped according to the size of the space. Generally, 8 to 10 secondary branches are left for cultivation.

Into strong fruiting branches;

(4) The backbone branches of the aging branches should be retracted by l/3 ~ 1/2, and the diameter of the cut at the retracted part should not exceed 5cm.

Dormant buds or fruiting female branches;

(5) About 2/3 of the total length of the main branches of the branches that are extremely senescent, or all of them are thinned out, which stimulates the germination of new branches.

5.1.2.2 After sprouting, trim in the following way.

(1) Useless sprouts should be wiped away, and the tip of the jujube with a length of 25cm to 30cm should be removed.

(2) Useless jujube heads, jujube buds, jujube hanging heads and jujube stocks on the tree should be treated in time; extend the head for topping, and focus on nutrition for flowering and fruit setting prepare for.

(3) Weak branches should be topping lightly, strong branches should be topping carefully; large growth space should be topping slightly, and small growing space should be topping.

5.2 Temperature and humidity control

5.2.1 Temperature regulation

5.2.1.1 During the germination period, the temperature in the shed during the day shall be controlled between 25 °C ~~ 30 °C, and at night it shall be controlled between 10 °C ~ 18 °C.

5.2.1.2 During the germination period, the temperature during the day should be controlled at about 20 °C ~ 26 °C, and at night it should be controlled at 12 °C ~ 18 °C.

5.2.1.3 During the flower bud period to the initial flowering period, the temperature during the day should be controlled at about 25 °C ~ 30 °C, and at night it should be controlled at 12 °C ~ 20 °C;

5.2.1.4 During the full bloom period, the temperature during the day shall be controlled between 28 ° C and 30 ° C, and at night between 12 ° C and 15 ° C.

5.2.1.5 During the fruit expansion period, the temperature during the day should be controlled at 25 °C ~ 32 °C, and at night it should be controlled at 12 °C ~ 15 °C

5.2.1.6 The temperature control of the fruit during its ripening period should be close to the natural temperature outside.

5.2.2 Control of humidity

The relative humidity of the air in the shed should be controlled at about 85% before flowering, the flowering period should be maintained at 50% ~ 60%, and other growth stages should be controlled at 60% about.

5.2.3 Method of temperature and humidity control

5.2.3.1 The temperature, relative humidity and gas composition in the greenhouse can be adjusted by ventilation.

5.2.3.2 The ventilation time, the size of the ventilation openings, and the ventilation location shall be determined according to the weather conditions and the phenological period of the winter jujube.

5.2.3.3 Observe the temperature changes inside and outside the shed at any time. When the temperature inside the shed exceeds the required temperature, ventilation should be timely to make the temperature in the shed stable at the required temperature range.

5.2.3.4 The ventilation methods should be different in different growth periods. Before the germination period, it is advisable to take natural wind from the top;

The natural wind is first at the top and the natural wind is at the back. From the young fruit to the mature period, the natural wind at the top is combined with the natural wind at the side.

5.2.3.5 The size of the vents is controlled by how much the shed film is rolled up in different orientations. The more the shed film is rolled up, the larger the vents.

5.3 Fertilization management

5.3.1 Fertilization method and amount

5.3.1.1 Foliar fertilizer should be sprayed once every 10 to 15 days after sprouting. The first stage should be sprayed with high nitrogen fertilizer, until 5 to 6 leaves Change spray high phosphate fertilizer.

5.3.1.2 Plant conditioner or special fruit promoter should be sprayed once or twice when 50% of flowers bloom, and humic acid, Functional fertilizers of fulvic acid.

5.3.1.3 In the fruit expansion period, when the size of jujube fruit is about 17mm × 10mm, high potassium fertilizer should be applied top-up, and the amount of fertilizer per tree should be 0.25kg.

After fertilization and watering, the weaker trees should be sprayed with humic acid and fulvic acid functional fertilizers on the leaves.

5.3.1.4 After harvesting the winter jujube, the fertilizer should be applied once.

5.3.1.5 In autumn, apply 50 kg of N, P, K compound fertilizer and 80 kg of bacterial fertilizer to each strip groove. The depth of the furrow should be 5cm ~ 25cm.

Fill out and be practical.

5.3.1.6 Refer to Appendix A for common fertilizers, plant regulators and application methods.

5.4 Water management

5.4.1 Watering times and irrigation volume

5.4.1.1 The dormant period should be flooded once in winter.

5.4.1.2 Drip irrigation or small watering should be taken once 10 to 15 days before flowering to increase humidity and help fruit set.

5.4.1.3 During the fruit turning period, drip irrigation or small water irrigation should be adopted once.

5.4.1.4 After harvesting winter jujube, it should be combined with fertilization and watering once.

5.4.2 Watering precautions

5.4.2.1 Prevent frost and ditch irrigation along the trees on both sides before and after Qingming.

5.4.2.2 Watering before flowering shall be done in small ditch, and large-area flooding shall be avoided.

5.4.2.3 Avoid watering during the Akoukou period. If watering is really needed, it should be irrigated in small ditch.

5.4.2.4 Watering should be timely in case of high temperature and drought to reduce the sunburn of the fruit.

5.4.2.5 Fruits should be carefully watered during the turn to white period, and avoid flooding.

5.5 Pest and Disease Control

5.5.1 The main diseases and insect pests occurring in different periods.

5.5.1.1 In the germination period, insects such as green blind maggots, jujube mosquitoes, mites, scale insects, etc .; scab, anthracnose, dry rot and other diseases often occur.

5.5.1.2 Insect pests such as blind maggots, jujube step mosquitoes, jujube mosquitoes, etc. often occur during the branching and leafing stage;

5.5.1.3 Insect pests such as blind maggots, jujube mosquitoes, red spiders, spider mites, etc. often occur during pregnancy and budding; diseases such as bacterial scabies.

5.5.1.4 Insect pests such as green blind maggots and two-spotted spider mite often occur during flowering.

5.5.1.5 Jujube slimeworm, heartworm, red spider, mite, beetle, etc

Damage; anthracnose, rust, brown spot and other diseases.

5.5.1.6 Insect pests such as red spider, mite, mealworm, etc. often occur during fruit maturity; diseases such as anthracnose and rust.

5.5.2 Prevention methods

5.5.2.1 The trunk should be scraped and whitened before the sheds are removed, and the insect branches, leaves, and fruits should be removed and concentratedly destroyed.

5.5.2.1 See Appendix B for the main pests and control methods in different periods to prevent them in advance.

5.6 Flower and Fruit Management

5.6.1 Fruit thinning

Generally strong trees retain 2 young fruits per jujube, weak trees retain 1 young fruit, and the remaining fruits are all dredged. When thinning fruit, try to choose to retain top flower fruit.

5.6.2 Open Armor

5.6.2.1 According to the growth potential of jujube trees, open nails at the trunk or branch in time. Open a strong tree first, then a medium tree, and finally for weak trees, the width of the mouth should be determined according to the age and vigor of the tree, preferably 0.3cm ~ 0.5cm, and the width should be the same, the surface should be smooth, and the depth should be different.

It is advisable to hurt the xylem.

5.6.2.2 The time to open nails should start at the early flowering period of the jujube. The inflorescence flowering rate is 80%, and the flowering rate is 30% ~ 50%.

5.6.2.3 During the fruit turning period, if the tree is more vigorous, it should be cut again.

6.1 Harvest period

25% of jujube fruit coloring enters the harvest period.

6.2 Collection method

6.2.1 Harvesting should be performed manually, in accordance with the principles of "light picking, light handling, avoiding bumps, falls, and maintaining fruit integrity".

6.2.2 It should be harvested in batches according to the maturity, and the fruit surface color of each batch should be 50% of the date fruit.