HJ 682-2019Terms of risk control and remediation of soil contamination of land for construction (English PDF)

2.1 Basic concepts of parcels

2.1.1

Land for construction Refers to the land on which buildings and structures are constructed, including urban and rural residential and public facilities land, industrial and mining land, transportation and water conservancy facilities Land, land for tourism, land for military facilities, etc.

2.1.2

Risk control and remediation of soil contamination Soil pollution risk management and remediation includes surveys of soil pollution conditions and assessment of soil pollution risks, risk management, remediation, Activities such as risk management and control effect assessment, restoration effect assessment, and later management.

2.1.3

Soil soil

A loose layer of the earth's land surface consisting of minerals, organic matter, water, air, and biological organisms.

2.1.4

Groundwater

Water buried in the crust voids in various forms.

2.1.5

Surface water

Water flowing or standing on the surface of a land.

2.1.6

Outdoor air

Generally refers to the air outside the building, which corresponds to the indoor air.

2.1.7

Indoor air

Generally refers to the air inside a building or other relatively closed space, corresponding to outdoor air.

2.2 Terminology of land pollution and environmental processes

2.2.1

Contaminant of concern Determine the need for soil pollution based on the characteristics of the land pollution, relevant standards and specifications, and the opinions of the stakeholders of the land Pollutants in environmental surveys and soil pollution risk assessments.

2.2.2

Target pollutant

Where the quantity or concentration in the plot environment has reached actual or potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health, Concerns to be repaired.

2.2.3

On-site residual material Various equipment, facilities and other materials left in the plot related to production and operation activities, mainly including Raw materials, industrial waste residues, waste chemicals and their pollutants, solid and semi-solid residues in waste facilities, containers and pipelines and liquid materials, and other solid materials that are significantly different from local soil characteristics.

2.2.4

Volatile organic compounds, VOCs the boiling point is between 50 and 260 °C, and the saturated vapor pressure exceeds the standard temperature and pressure (20 °C and 1 atmosphere).

133.32Pa organic compound.

2.2.5

Semivolatile organic compounds, SVOCs the boiling point is between 260 and 400 °C, and the saturated vapor pressure is between standard temperature and pressure (20 °C and 1 atmosphere).

1.33 × 10

Organic compounds between -6 and 1.33 × 102 Pa.

2.2.6

Non-aqueous phase liquid, NAPL Liquid substances that are immiscible with water, usually a mixture of several different chemicals (solvents), also known as non-aqueous Phase liquid.

2.2.7

Dense non-aqueous phase liquid, DNAPL Non-aqueous liquids with a specific gravity greater than 1.0, such as trichloroethylene (TCE), trichloroethane (TCA), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), etc.

2.2.8

Light non-aqueous phase liquid, LNAPL Non-aqueous liquids with a specific gravity less than 1.0, such as hydrocarbon oils such as gasoline and diesel.

2.2.9

Underground storage tank, UST One or more fixed installations or storage systems, including underground pipes directly connected to them, their volume (including underground pipes) 90% or more of the volume of the channel is below the ground, and usually contains liquid phase that may pollute the soil and groundwater.

Harmful substances.

2.2.10

Above ground storage tank, AST One or more fixed installations or storage systems, including above-ground pipes directly connected to them, their volume (including above-ground pipes) 90% or more of the volume of the channel is above the ground, usually containing liquid phase that may pollute the soil and groundwater.

Harmful substances.

2.2.11

Soil texture

Coarseness divided according to the composition of the relative content of particles with different particle sizes in the soil.

2.2.12

Soil pH

Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration in soil solution.

2.2.13

Soil density

The mass of soil per unit volume is also called soil bulk density.

2.2.14

Soil porosity

Pore volume per unit of total soil volume.

2.2.15

Soil organic matter

Soil organic matter is a variety of products and combinations of all animal and plant residues formed in the soil and externally added at different decomposition stages.

The overall name of the product, and the carbon in the various animal and plant residues, microorganisms and their decomposition and synthetic organic substances entering the soil it is called soil organic carbon. Soil organic carbon is part of soil organic matter.

2.2.16

Soil water content

The volume of water per unit volume of soil or the weight of water per unit weight of soil.

2.2.17

Cation exchange capacity, CEC Per kilogram of soil or colloid, the centimoles of cations in the surrounding solution that are adsorbed or replaced.

2.2.18

Stratigraphic structure Origin of rock or soil layer, age of formation, name, lithology, color, main mineral composition, structure and structure, stratum Thickness and its variation, deposition sequence, etc.

2.2.19

Surface soil

The soil located in a certain depth range (usually 0 to 0.5 m) at the uppermost part of the plot, mainly refers to the direct contact with the human body in the plot Soils associated with exposure (oral ingestion of soil, skin contact with soil, and inhalation of soil particles), including landfills, it does not include the hardened surface.

2.2.20

Subsurface soil

The soil within a certain depth below the surface soil mainly refers to the soil below the surface soil that may be affected by pollutant migration and expansion.

Scattered soil.

2.2.21

Hydrogeological condition the general term for groundwater burial, distribution, recharge, runoff, and drainage conditions, water quality and quantity, and its geological conditions.

2.2.22

Groundwater plume

A contaminated area formed when pollutants move and diffuse from the source to the surrounding area as the groundwater moves.

2.2.23

Buried depth of groundwater table the vertical depth from the surface to the groundwater or confined water surface.

2.2.24

Hydraulic gradient

The ratio of head loss along the infiltration pathway to the length of the corresponding infiltration pathway.

2.2.25

Permeability coefficient in saturated soil, the velocity of water passing through a unit cross section perpendicular to the direction of water flow under a unit pressure gradient.

2.2.26

Unconfined aquifer layer; phreatic stratum the first stable water layer below the surface has a free water surface, and there is no continuous water barrier above, and it is not pressured or only partially pressured.

2.2.27

Aquifer

A rock formation that can penetrate and give a significant amount of water.

2.2.28

Aquitard

Rock formations that cannot penetrate or give water, or that the amount of water that passes through is insignificant.

2.2.29

Permeable layer

Permeable but not saturated rock formations.

2.2.30

Unsaturated zone

Also known as aeration zone (vadose zone; aeration zone), refers to the atmosphere between the ground surface and the groundwater surface, and contains Strip of gas.

2.2.31

Saturated zone

Also known as a saturated zone, it refers to a zone where the voids of the soil layer or rock layer are completely filled with water below the groundwater surface.

2.2.32

Diving phreatic water Groundwater with a free surface above the first stable aquifer below the surface.

2.2.33

Confined water; artesian water the groundwater filled between the upper and lower aquifers is subject to pressures greater than atmospheric pressure.

2.3 Land survey and environmental monitoring terminology

2.3.1

Conceptual site model Comprehensively describe pollution sources, pollutant migration pathways, human or ecological receptors in contact with pollution media by means of text, diagrams and tables.

Qualitative processes and contact methods.

2.3.2

Investigation on soil contamination the process of determining whether a plot is contaminated and the extent and extent of contamination using a systematic survey method.

2.3.3

Site history investigation Historical events on the plot, changes in the use of the plot, production and operation activities of the plot, and disposal and disposal of hazardous wastes Relevant historical data is systematically collected, sorted, classified, and analyzed to clarify the history and causes of possible pollution in the plot.

2.3.4

Site-specific parameter Parameters that can represent or approximately reflect the actual environmental conditions of the plot, and are used to describe the features of the plot such as soil, hydrogeology, and weather.

2.3.5

On-site rapid monitoring Qualitative or quantitative analysis of potential pollutants on the plot using on-site rapid detection equipment.

2.3.6

Site environmental monitoring Continuously or intermittently determine the concentration and spatial distribution of pollutants in the environment of the plot, observe and analyze their changes and their impact on the environment Impact process.

2.3.7

Monitoring for investigation on soil contamination in the process of soil pollution investigation and risk assessment, monitoring methods are used to identify soil, groundwater, surface water, and environment Concerned pollutants in air and residual waste and physical and chemical characteristics of soil, and comprehensive analysis of land pollution characteristics to determine the pollution of the land Species, degree of pollution, and extent of pollution.

2.3.8

Monitoring for remediation of land for construction During the land remediation and repair process, relevant monitoring for the implementation effect of various remediation and repair technical measures, including Monitoring of the quality of projects involving environmental protection and monitoring of secondary pollutant emissions during the process of remediation.

2.3.9

Monitoring for assessment of remediation effect After the completion of the land remediation and restoration project, assess and evaluate whether the land has reached the established restoration goals and the project design Related requirements.

2.3.10

Monitoring for retrospective assessment of land for construction After the evaluation of the land remediation effect, within a specific time range, in order to evaluate the land, Monitoring of the environmental impacts of water and ambient air, as well as the effects of long-term in-situ treatment and restoration measures on the plot Validation monitoring.

2.3.11

Systematic sampling

Divide the plot into several plots of equal area, and place a sample at the center of each plot or at the intersection of the grid Point for sampling.

2.3.12

Systematic random sampling Divide the monitoring area into several cells of equal area, randomly select a certain number of cells from them, and arrange in each cell A sampling point.

2.3.13

Judgemental sampling Judging and selecting sampling sites based on the information about the pollution distribution of the plot and expert experience.

2.3.14

Stratified sampling

Dividing the plot into different (hierarchical) areas, and sampling according to the area or pollution characteristics of each area.

2.3.15

Reference sampling point One or more sampling points in the same type of soil in a non-contaminated area outside the plot.

2.3.16

Quality assurance and quality control, QA/QC Quality assurance refers to ensuring the representativeness, accuracy, precision, comparability, reliability, Measures such as integrity. Quality control refers to the monitoring process to achieve the monitoring quality specified in the land monitoring plan.

The control method used is part of the quality assurance of environmental monitoring.

2.4 Land environmental risk assessment terminology

2.4.1

Carcinogenic risk

The probability that a population will be exposed daily to a unit dose of carcinogenic effect pollutants, causing carcinogenic disease or harm.

2.4.2

Non-carcinogenic risk the ratio of the daily intake of pollutants to the reference dose is used to characterize human exposure to non-carcinogenic pollutants through a single pathway.

The level of harm is usually expressed in terms of the hazard quotient.

2.4.3

Health risk assessment of land for construction Based on the survey of soil pollution, analyze the main exposure pathways of pollutants in the soil and groundwater of the plot to the population, Assess the carcinogenic risk and harm level of pollutants to human health.

2.4.4

Ecological risk assessment for land for construction Probability of pollutants in various environmental media of the plot to endanger animal, plant, microorganism and other ecosystem processes and functions or level and degree of assessment.

2.4.5

Hazard identification According to the data obtained from the investigation of the soil pollution situation, combined with the land (planning) use of the land, determine the pollution concern of the land Spatial distribution of pollutants and pollutants in the plot and possible sensitive receptors, such as children, adults, ecosystems, groundwater bodies, etc.

2.4.6

Exposure assessment

Based on the work of hazard identification, analyze the scenarios where the pollutants in the plot soil enter and harm sensitive receptors, and determine Exposure pathways of soil pollutants to sensitive people in the plot, determine the migration model of pollutants in environmental media and Exposure model to determine the correlations with the pollution status of the plot, soil properties, groundwater characteristics, sensitive populations, and the nature of the pollutants of interest.

Model parameter values to calculate the exposure of sensitive people to pollutants from soil and groundwater.

2.4.7

Receptor

Generally refers to the people or biological groups in the plot and its surrounding environment that may be affected by pollutants.

Affected functional water bodies (such as surface water, groundwater, etc.) and natural and cultural landscapes (areas), such as residential areas, commercial areas, Public places such as schools, hospitals, drinking water protection areas, etc.).

2.4.8

Sensitive receptor

Of the potential biological groups affected by the pollutants in the plot, the groups that are most biologically sensitive to the pollutants (such as people or Ecological receptors of some specific groups), certain age groups (such as the elderly) or people at certain development stages (Such as children aged 0-6).

2.4.9

Critical receptor

People or ecological receptors whose risk of exposure to pollutants has been determined to exceed the acceptable risk level as determined by the risk assessment of the plot.

2.4.10

Exposure scenario

A hypothetical scenario description of land mass pollutants migrating through different ways and reaching the receptor under a specific land use mode.

That is, a series of facts, presumptions, and assumptions about how the land pollution exposure occurred.

2.4.11

Exposure pathway

Refers to the way in which pollutants in construction soil and groundwater migrate to reach and be exposed to the human body.

2.4.12

Exposure route

Refers to the way in which pollutants in the construction land soil migrate to reach the exposed individual and come into contact with the human body or enter the human body.

2.4.13

Exposure assessment model Describe the human body's exposure to pollutants, conceptual models and mathematical simulation methods for predicting and estimating exposures.

2.4.14

Contaminant transport and fate model Describe the environmental behaviors of pollutants' diffusion, migration, attenuation and transformation in soil and groundwater, and predict the spatiotemporal changes of pollutants Mathematical models and simulation methods of laws, transient dynamics, and diffusion and influence range.

2.4.15

Exposure dose

The amount of pollutants that human or ecological recipients ingest through various routes, such as the mouth, respiratory system, and skin.

2.4.16

Exposure parameter; exposure factor Parameters related to human behavior that reflect human exposure to pollutants on the plot, such as structural characteristics of sensitive people (years Age, weight, etc.) and the time, frequency, cycle, etc. of the population exposed to pollutants through various environmental media.

2.4.17

Exposure duration

The length of time that a person stays in or is exposed to a contaminated area, which can also mean that the contaminated area remains in a hypothetical future scenario the length of time the contamination has occurred.

2.4.18

Exposure frequency

The average number of days a particular population (recipient) is exposed to the polluted environment (medium) per year.

2.4.19

Toxicity assessment

Based on the work of hazard identification, analyze and focus on the harmful effects of pollutants on human health, including carcinogenic and non-causing effects Cancer effect, determine the toxicity parameters related to the pollutant of interest, including reference dose, reference concentration, carcinogenic slope factor, single Carcinogen, toxicity equivalent, blood lead content, etc.

2.4.20

Cancer slope factor

Human life-long excess carcinogenic risk when exposed to chemical carcinogens at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight daily.

2.4.21

Inhalation unit risk, IUR Carcinogenic risk value of human life-long exposure to air containing pollutant concentrations of 1 mg/m3.

2.4.22

Reference dose, RfD

A reference dose is an estimate of the average daily dose. When humans are exposed to this level throughout their lifetime, adverse effects are expected to occur.

The risk is low or virtually undetectable. The reference dose for inhalation exposure is called the reference concentration, RfC).

2.4.23

Risk screening values for soil contamination of land for construction Refers to the pollutants in the soil of construction land at or below the value under specific land use methods, which are harmful to human health.

The risk of human health can be ignored; if it exceeds this value, there may be risks to human health, and further detailed investigations and risks should be carried out Assess to determine specific pollution scope and risk levels.

2.4.24

Risk characterization Integrate the results of the exposure assessment and toxicity assessment, quantify the risk and characterize the space, and discuss the use of the assessment Process of assumptions, parameters, and uncertainty of the model.

2.4.25

Acceptable risk level Probability or degree of risk of adverse health effects recognized by society and acceptable to the public, including acceptable carcinogenic risk water Harm quotients are acceptable for peaceful and non-carcinogenic effects.

2.4.26

Hazard quotient, HQ

The ratio of the daily intake of pollutants to the reference dose is used to characterize the human body's exposure to non-carcinogenic pollutants through a single pathway.

To hazardous levels.

2.4.27

Hazard index, HI

The sum of the hazard quotients of multiple exposure pathways or multiple pollutants of concern to characterize human exposure to the level at which a pollutant is harmed by exposure to multiple pollutants.

2.4.28

Uncertainty analysis the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the uncertainty factors in the risk assessment process is called uncertainty analysis. Plot Risk Assessment Results the uncertainty analysis of results is mainly caused by the input parameter error and the uncertainty of the model itself in the process of land risk assessment.

The qualitative or quantitative analysis of the uncertainty of the model simulation results is performed, including risk contribution rate analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis.

2.4.29

Risk intervention values for soil contamination of land for construction Refers to the pollutants in the soil of construction land exceeding the value under the specific land use mode, which usually exists for human health.

Unacceptable risks, risk management or repair measures should be adopted.

2.4.30

Environmental background values of soil Refers to statistical values based on soil environmental background content. It is usually expressed as a certain quantile value of soil environmental background content. Which soil Soil environmental background content refers to the elements in...