HJ 596.7-2010Water quality. Vocabulary. Part 7 (English PDF)

2.1 Surface loading rate surface loading rate

Daily volume of wastewater per unit of horizontal cross-section of the processing apparatus for processing capacity ScS processing apparatus.

Note. usually m3 · m-2 · d-1 [or m3/(m2 · d)] FIG.

2.2 Virus viruses

Ultra-micro-organisms (diameter 20 ~ 300 nm), composed of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat. Only multiply in living cells.

Note. The virus can be trapped by the filter bacteria.

2.3 Enterococci; faecal enterococci Enterococcus faecalis

Gram-negative bacteria was a kind of aerobic and facultative anaerobic, and normally lives in the large intestine of warm-blooded animals, having Lancefield (Lancefield) D antigen family, catalase negative, can be grown at 45 °C. Presence of 40% bile salt hydrolysis esculin; thallium acetate and nalidixic acid in the presence of hydrolyzable 4- methylumbelliferyl -beta-D- glucoside (MUD).

Note. the water environment, the flora including E. faecalis, Enterococcus feces, tough and Sheila Enterococcus faecalis. In the natural environment that they can not reproduce, but it may be higher than Escherichia coli live longer. Thus, even without Sheila enterococci detection, enterococci in water indicates fecal contamination can still be detected.

2.4 Tide tidal water

The vernal equinox, any part of the tidal range in the sea or river.

2.5 Tidal limit tidal limit

At the vernal equinox, along a river, just to see the water fluctuation location.

Note. If there is a dam or sluice there is tidal boundaries.

2.6 Primary treatment primary treatment

To remove most of the solids sink to the sewage treatment stage.

NOTE. sewage treatment, the stage immediately after pretreatment.

2.7 Escherichia coli Escherichia coli; E.coli

One kind of aerobic and facultative anaerobic fecal coliform, at 44 °C can simultaneously ferment lactose or mannitol produce acid and gas, and can generate tryptophan Indole, the hydrolysis of 4-methyl umbelliferone -beta-D- glucuronide (MUG).

2.8 Coliform bacteria coliform organisms; total coliforms total coliform organisms

Aerobic and facultative anaerobic, non-spore ferment lactose showed a Gram-negative bacteria, normally lives in the human or animal big Intestine.

NOTE. In addition to E. coli, most can survive and reproduce in the natural environment.

2.9 Freshwater limit freshwater limit

Estuary particular place at a particular tidal and hydrological conditions, into the water usually does not go beyond that place.

2.10 Nitrogen cycle bacteria nitrogen cycle bacteria

The bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle.

2.11 Luminous bacteria luminescent bacteria

It can be part of the energy metabolism of the bacteria released into the light.

2.12 Fecal streptococcus faecal streptococci

A variety of aerobic and facultative anaerobic Streptococcus, having Lancefield (Lancefield) D antigen family, are usually normal people inhabit and warm-blooded animals in the large intestine. If they are present in the water, even if not found Escherichia coli, also indicate fecal contamination.

2.13 F- specific RNA phages F-specific RNA bacteriophages

It can infect a specific host bacteria phage. Its host bacteria having F pili or pilus.

Note. The virus usually kills the host bacteria, under appropriate culture conditions, produces plaques (blank area) on Liansheng host colonies. If the tablet There is a certain concentration on medium ribonuclease, it can inhibit infection and plaque production.

2.14 Methemoglobinemia methaemoglobinaemia

In the infant gut, since the reduction of the role of bacteria so that the intake of nitrate reduction to nitrite, and hemoglobin induced So that excess methemoglobin, oxygen uptake and transport, causing cyanosis (bluish disease).

2.15 Depleted water body oligosaprobic

Water flow in the area is completely mineralized.

NOTE. These high dissolved oxygen available for the growth of a variety of plants and animals, especially photoautotrophic plants and autotrophic (produces oxygen) animals.

2.16 Light autotrophic bacteria photoautorophic bacteria

Using light energy can be obtained, and inorganic carbon (such as CO2) as the sole carbon source for the bacteria.

2.17 Filtration cycle filter run

Filter backwash between the two time intervals.

2.18 Aerobic sludge digestion and aerobic sludge digestion

Refers to primary sludge, activated sludge or after the co-precipitation sludge aeration long been part of the process of biological oxidation. Mainly through the biological process Endogenous respiration and feeding activity is completed.

2.19 Spate freshet

Due to heavy rain or snow, in a very short period of emergency caused by the flow of a river surge up.

2.20 Blackwater black water

In addition to bath, shower, hand basin, sink drainage effluents from the toilet and excreta.

2.21 Respiration

Since the release of matrix oxide can cause biological and environmental gas exchange.

Note. This exchange can be done in an aerobic or anaerobic process.

2.22 Gray water grey water; sewage sullage

In addition to the toilet waste water and waste emissions outside the family home life bathtub, shower, sink and kitchen sink, etc. from sewage.

2.23 Sinks sink

Environmental science, from the collection of contaminants (such as pollution reservoir) Regional action (such as water).

2.24 Catchment area; gathering ground

Naturally flow into the waterway to the bus area or designated point.

2.25 Antagonism antagonium

Refers to the action of a substance (or biological) is another substance (or biological) of the repression of the phenomenon.

NOTE .( The Role of) strength is less than the combined effects alone.

2.26 Pulse dose pulse dose

Adding water to the instantaneous known amount of tracer chemicals or reagents (for example, take the container upside down method).

2.27 thermotolerant coliform thermotolerant coliform organisms; fecal coliform faecal coliform organisms which play in the growth of 44 °C and 37 °C and when grown in E. coli has the same fermentation and biochemical characteristics.

2.28 Salmonella sp.

The case of intestinal bacteria, aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore, oxidase negative, does not ferment lactose.

Note. they can be based on different purposes (for example, epidemiological studies) classification, such as serum classification, shaping phage or molecular techniques. Can cause people and animal intestinal infections, food poisoning is a common human pathogen. Salmonella typhi causes typhoid body. Clinical studies have shown that people from Patients and healthy carriers of animal feces, therefore, can occur in sewage and farm wastewater.

2.29 Leachate

By garbage, solid waste landfills or other specific substances leaking water permeability.

2.30 Bacteriophage bacteriophages

A class of a particular host strain virus.

2.31 Watercourse

Surface or underground water channels.

2.32 Underwater area benthic region

The aqueous layer close to the bottom of the water body, including survival riverbed sediments and rock creatures.

2.33 Scale scale deposit

Due to the water one or more solutes or supersaturated by water after boiling carbon dioxide escaping unstable, thus resulting in the surface of the container attached the inorganic precipitate.

2.34 Bacteria

A class of single-celled organisms visible under an optical microscope, metabolically active, with the proposed nuclear structure (nucleus dispersion is not independent). many A free life, usually in the second division mode propagation.

2.35 Bacterial samples bacteriological sample

Samples for bacteriological examination. Need to collect and properly stored under sterile conditions.

2.36 Synergies synergism

Due to the presence of a substance (or biological), and enhance the role of another substance (or biological) (chemical or biological). Joint Action alone is larger than the substance (or biological) additive effect.

2.37 Odor threshold odor threshold

By a group of evaluators, perceived by the olfactory senses of smell lowest level.

Note. Due to the inherent differences in olfactory sensitivity of the individual, there is no absolute odor threshold. Odor threshold, odorless water use is serially diluted samples were not aware until just the odor estimates.

2.38 Nitrite-reducing Clostridium sulfite-reducing closstridia

Was a Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria can form spores.

Note. The natural habitat in the large intestine of humans and animals or soil. Most of the bacteria in the soil is saprophytic. Its spores in feces, soil, dust and water can be Prolonged survival. Their presence in water may be used to detect fecal contamination than the long-term or intermittent. The bacteria can be reduced to sulfide sulfite.

2.39 Catenary oxygen sag curve

In the downstream aerobic sources, according to the relationship between the river water and the dissolved oxygen concentration and flow distance or time drawn curve.

2.40 ORP oxidation reduction potential; redox potential, ORP

Inert metal (e.g., platinum or carbon) and the standard hydrogen electrode potential difference between the electrodes.

NOTE. The higher the positive potential, the stronger the oxidizing environment; the higher the negative potential, the reducing environment of the stronger.

2.41 Hard hard detergent

Surfactant-containing detergent. These substances hinder primary biodegradability and biological wastewater treatment can reduce the surface alive Sex.

2.42 Pretreatment preliminary treatment

For removing broken or solid matter in wastewater and sand.

NOTE. This process can include removing grease before precipitation, and with pre-aeration.

2.43 Algae algae

A class of unicellular or multicellular organisms (including commonly referred to as cyanobacteria), generally contain chlorophyll or other pigments.

NOTE. Typically aquatic algae, and can carry out photosynthesis.

2.44 Fungi fungi

Heterotrophic organisms in a large heterogeneous group often form spores, with a clear nucleus, but the lack of photosynthesis substances, such as chlorophyll.

NOTE. Yeast are unicellular fungi, budding reproduction. Other fungi are multicellular and filamentous, eg Fusarium (Fusarium spp.) Can cause biological filter Water, and the ground wire to the genus (Geotrichum spp.) Can cause activated sludge bulking.

2.45 Confidence interval confidence interval

In certain confidence level (eg 95%), to measure the results as the center, the true value range appears credible.

2.46 Mesophilic microorganisms mesophilic microorganism

Suitable growth temperature is 20 ~ 45 °C of microorganisms.

2.47 Total carbon total carbon

Total organic carbon in water and inorganic carbon.

2.48 Total inorganic carbon total inorganic carbon

Total solubility in water and carbon-containing suspended inorganic matter.

2.49 Total total oxidized nitrogen oxide

The total nitrogen content in water nitrate and nitrite in the presence of a concentration expressed.