HJ 596.6-2010Water quality. Vocabulary. Part 6 (English PDF)

2.1 Ammonification

Bacterial nitrogen-containing compound into an ammonium ion.

2.2 Half-life half life period

Mass concentration of a substance or decomposition or decay to half the initial value of the time required.

Note. This term applies only to zero-order or first-order reaction.

2.3 Inclusiveness

Target creature representing positive organisms ratio is calculated as the number of true positives divided by the total number of true and false positive.

2.4 Bottom grow background growth

(Salmonella microsome test) in the presence of traces of a small histidine agar plates, non-mutant bacterial colony formation.

2.5 Epilimnion metalimnion

When the water temperature due to stratification, the maximum temperature gradient layer. Also known as the thermocline.

2.6 The coefficient of variation coefficient of variation, CV the relative standard deviation expressed as a percentage.

2.7 Lysimeters lysimeter

A container built of soil (filtration bed or column), applicable to the determination under certain controlled conditions within the soil moisture transpiration, seepage and leaching loss.

2.8 Long-term culture permanent culture

Frozen culture, to preserve their genetic characteristics.

2.9 UF ultra-filtration

Microporous membrane pressure driven filtration, separation of macromolecules or fine suspended solids from the water.

Sewage settled sewage 2.10 precipitated After settlement removes coarse solids settling and solids can be most sewage.

2.11 Pond pond

Small size and shallow inland freshwater bodies.

2.12 Primary degradation primary degradation

Change the molecular structure of the material and effectively remove the degradation of some of its chemical properties.

2.13 Primary productivity primary production

In aquatic ecosystems, algae or plant photosynthesis rate.

2.14 Titer titre determination

(Salmonella microsomal assay) method for determining the number of bacteria cultured overnight and the test substance may have bacterial toxicity.

2.15 D value D value

(Salmonella microsome test) under standard test conditions, each dish is visible mutant colonies no positive growth, dilution of D Min.

NOTE. When the D value is more than one (up to four possible), select the highest D values.

2.16 Secondary treatment secondary treatment

Biological treatment of waste water, for example, biological filter, sedimentation tank or the activated sludge process.

2.17 Propagules propagule; germ

On a medium capable of breeding individuals, such as vegetative cells, cells, spores, fungal spores or mycelium filaments.

2.18 Radioactive tracer radioactive tracer; radiochemical tracer radiochemical tracer

From one or more of their radionuclide labeled substance for tracking biological, chemical or physical reaction processes used.

2.19 non-point source pollution non-point source pollution; nonpoint source pollution diffuse source pollution One kind of pollution of surface water or groundwater, not from a single point, but widely distributed, such as soil leaching from farmland, rain Runoff.

2.20 Nonbiodegradable abiotic degradation (non biological degradation)

Material degradation by chemical or physical processes, such as hydrolysis, photolysis, and oxidation-reduction reactions.

2.21 Classification characteristics categorical characteristic

Based on the presence/absence (P/A), or positive/negative (/ -) of the classification method, the relative frequency in a digital expression performance characteristics Methods.

2.22 Compartmentalization

Substances in the environment from a variety of other environment facing the environment (water, air, biota, soil and sediment) had migrated Away.

2.23 Analyte; measured object measurand

By quantitative analysis of substances.

Note. In microbiology, the analyte is defined as a range of species on the list taxonomic sense, in many cases, the analyte is not by taxonomic species to Expression, but with a more general class to express.

2.24 Assay analytical portion; test sample for test portion

Means microbiological method, inoculated into the suspension vessel amount detection on (placed). Detection vessel may be agar, filter Films, tubes, and other microscopic count box.

2.25 Cofactor solution co-factor solution

(Salmonella microsome test) to maintain an aqueous solution containing the component S 9 activity required chemicals.

NOTE. The required chemicals can be NADP, glucose-6-phosphate, inorganic salts and the like.

2.26 thermophilic digestion thermophilic digestion; high temperature conditioning thermophilic conditioning at a temperature of 45 ~ 60 °C anaerobic digestion of the sludge, thereby facilitating optimal growth temperature range in this proliferation of microorganisms, such as addicted Hot microbes.

2.27 Grid screen

Interception from water or sewage, clear means of various solid particles. Such as manual or mechanical tilt grill, portable grill, a spin Grille turn, rotating grill expanded metal grid, and a metal grid, and other metal gridlines.

2.28 Bubbling sparging

Porous tube or tube opening to inject a large amount of water the air stream or other processes.

2.29 Salmonid; fish

Salmonids, often used as a biological indicator of water quality, such as Atlantic salmon, brown trout and salmon.

2.30 Superchlorination

In the final stage of treatment, to achieve continuous process slightly higher chlorine concentration. Usually followed by dechlorination. This method may also be applied with pool and Disinfection of water piping system.

2.31 Revertant number of revertants; mutation number of mutants

At the end of the test, each culture plate (diameter of about 90 cm) mutant colonies visible.

2.32 Return activated sludge returned activated sludge

After separation of the activated sludge precipitated from the mixture, returned to the aeration tank for further processing sewers.

2.33 Count count

(Microbiology) direct count or most probable number (MPN) colonies or cell number determined visible. MPN is affected by the Test samples were diluted by a certain degree of positive individual statistics.

2.34 Counting uncertainty of counting

(Microbiologically) under specified test conditions (same test member, different members of the same laboratory tests, different laboratories), to Repeat the same dish relative standard deviation of colonies counted.

2.35 a dose - response relationship between dose response relationship (Salmonella microsome test) per dish visible mutant colonies with increased levels of dilution and decreasing relationship.

2.36 Assumes that count presumptive count

Colonies or fermentation tube having a number of target organisms typical appearance characteristics of the estimated number of colonies or most probable number (MPN) based.

2.37 False-positive rate of false positive rate

Medium (colonies or fermentation tube), the appearance of the target ratio target organisms and non-target organisms.

2.38 False negative rate of false negative rate

Medium (colonies or fermentation tube), do not show the proportion of target-target organisms and the appearance of non-target organisms.

2.39 Detector; particle detector particle detector

For the detection of viable microorganisms count or solid nutrient base plate or liquid nutrient tube.

2.40 Detection Kit detection set; detector set

For the quantitative estimation of the number of microbial nutrient plates or a combination of test tubes.

2.41 Mean relative difference relative difference between means; weighted average relative difference between the weighted mean RD According to the results of the average of two counts calculated relative difference.

Note. When determining the equivalence of microbiological methods, test results are usually two groups of samples of the same volume. Thus, the relative difference in the average value the relative difference is equal to the total.

2.42 Cultured microbial culturable microorganism

Under certain culture conditions, using a specific growth medium, can form colonies on solid media or in liquid culture propagation fine Cells, yeast, and molds.

2.43 Sulfur bacteria sulfur bacteria

Can oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur, the sulfur is temporarily stored in the cells of bacteria and oxidized to sulfate.

2.44 Haloform haloforms; trihalomethanes, THMs

Methane molecule compound three hydrogen atoms substituted by a halogen atom (e.g. chlorine, bromine or iodine atom) formation.

Note. When using a halogen (chlorine, bromine or iodine atom) or a halogen oxidizing agent capable of releasing water treatment and disinfection, organic matter in water may generate Haloform or tris THMs.

2.45 Sinkholes swallow hole; sink-hole

Local geologic features. Surface-based direct communication channel between the aquifer and groundwater.

2.46 Service reservoir with Pool

Water supply system, storage underground or surface water or purified water to adjust the structure.

2.47 Spray aeration spray aeration

Spraying water in the air, so that the water of dissolved oxygen concentration in the process. The process is also used to remove the water of harmful gases.

2.48 PH equilibrium pH balance

Internal aqueous phase, the aqueous phase and other contact have reached equilibrium, thermodynamically stable pH of the solution or body of water between each phase.

2.49 Balance pool balancing tank

Used to balance the system flow rate and composition of the pool, the purpose is to make the change in flow rate and composition of uniform, for example, water distribution systems or drainage Processing systems.

2.50 The average relative difference between the mean relative difference; unweighted average relative difference between the unweighted mean RD N group count relative deviation of the mean.

2.51 Dish plate

Diluted with water, solid mixture with other nutrients agar in a petri dish formed of, for microbiological testing.

2.52 Parallel count parallel counts

Particles or colonies of the same sample (or the same component analysis) in double counting.

Note. The test is repeated by the number of colonies calculated.

2.53 Migration

Dissolved in water, suspended solids or biological spontaneous or induced movement.

2.54 Determine count confirmed count

Multiplied by the coefficient of determination is assumed that the number of colonies.

2.55 Determine counting confirmed count method

Final count relied assumed determined by counting methods.

2.56 to determine the number of colonies x confirmed colony count x; colony count x colony count x Assuming that the number of false-positive colonies were amended. In the following formula.

x = pc = (k/n) c

Where. c-- assumed that the number of colonies, one;

p-- true positive rate,%;

n-- for assuming a positive determination, one;

k-- determine the number of colonies, a.

2.57 coefficient of determination confirmation coefficient; specificity value; true positive rate of true positive rate Microorganism culture experiments successfully detected the proportion of the actual number of culture tests.

2.58 Hot springs thermal water

Hot springs or spa water.

2.59 Soft agar soft agar

It contains sodium chloride, histidine, biotin and diluted with water low gel strength agar medium.

Note 1. The minimum soft agar containing only trace amounts of histidine for determining of reverse mutation colonies.

Note 2. The maximum excess of soft agar containing histidine for titer determination.

2.60 S9 mixture S9 mix

(Salmonella microsome test) S9 homogenized mixture with the auxiliary reagent solution.

2.61 Permeability

Characterization of a film or other materials to make a number of substances through the selective performance.

2.62 S9 homogenate S9 fraction

Take 200 ~ 300 mg male rat liver, after a substance-induced (pre-treatment), tissue homogenates into 0.15 mol/L KCl the solution was centrifuged at centrifugal force 9 000g, the supernatant is S9.

2.63 Raw sludge raw sludge

Discharged from the primary settling tank sludge, secondary sedimentation tank may also comprise a mixture of sludge and primary settling tank sludge.

2.64 Bioaccumulation

A substance in the body or a part of the accumulation process.

2.65 Test mixture test mixture

(Salmonella microsome test) test samples of pure water or a diluted mixture of diluted test samples were negative or positive to include Photos, bacterial suspension, soft agar, S9 mixture or buffer.

2.66 micro (trace) the amount of the element trace element; essential micro (trace) amounts of elements essential trace element; micro (trace) amounts camp Nutrients micronutrient Human, animal or plant necessary for normal metabolism of very low concentrations of chemical elements.

2.67 Trace element trace element; trace element analytical trace element analysis

Very low concentrations in the solution elements.

2.68 Sludge quenched and sludge conditioning

Physical and (or) method of promoting chemical treatment sludge dewatering.

2.69 Sludge thickening sludge thickening

Through long sedimentation, centrifugal separation and flotation method, the sludge dewatering process (sometimes the addition of chemical substances). Reducing sludge Moisture content, reduce sludge volume and effective way to reduce the subsequent processing fee.

2.70 Anaerobic digestion anaerobic sludge digestion

Under hypoxic conditions, process control bacterial decomposition of sludge.

NOTE. This process can be at room temperature, the temperature (mesophilic bacteria, 25 ~ 40 °C) or high temperature (thermophilic bacteria, 45 ~ 60 °C) is carried out.

2.71 Sewage fungus sewage fungi

Biological adhesive by the filamentous bacteria (such as planktonic bacteria shirts) and fungi (Fusarium raw water) and protozoa and other components together, often Present in sewage treatment plants or sewage, river water and industrial wastewater discharge is not completely processed.

2.72 Dilution D dilution level D

(Salmonella microsome test) water (or waste) and dilution water dilution factor (numerator using 1) the denominator integer.

NOTE. For undiluted or waste water, the dilution factor is 1.1, so the minimum possible value D 1.

2.73 Dilution water dilution water

For serial dilution test sample or negative control deionized water or a suitable solution.

2.74 Positive control positive control

(Salmonella microsome test) adding a known mutagen sensitivity calibration test method or a mixture of S9 activity.

Note. The positive control ingredient is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide.

2.75 Biodegradable substances readily biodegradable substances

In accordance with the final special test biodegradability, biodegradable to a predetermined degree of some substances.

2.76 Negative control negative control

Water sample to be tested without dilution.

2.77 Application range

The method of some measurable concentration range.

2.78 Induction rate

Under the same activation conditions, a dose of the test substance is treated (or positive control) mutant colonies mean the difference between the average value of the negative control different.

2.79 Stock culture stock culture

To maintain a certain condition (e.g., in a suitable cryopreservation medium) culturing the strain of the organism, the purpose is to maintain the original characteristics, the nucleotide sequence Columns. Stock culture for overnight culture or pre-culture in genotoxicity tests.

2.80 Coagulant aid flocculation aid

A substance coagulant dosing at the same time (usually polyelectrolyte), to improve and promote the formation of floc sedimentation effect.

2.81 Difference between the natural logarithm of natural logarithm difference

Natural two count of the number of poor.

2.82 Total number method total count method

The final count is equal to the initial counting method.

2.83 Ultimate biodegradability ultimate biodegradation

Leading to complete mineralization of biodegradation.