HJ 596.5-2010Water quality. Vocabulary. Part 5 (English PDF)

2.1 Shore filter bank filtration

Boot river shore through the gravel filter to improve water quality.

Note. The use of such percolation method is the well water pumped gravel layer to form a pressure gradient.

2.2 Conservative substances conservative substance; persistent substances persistent substance; difficult to break down recalcitrant substances substance; refractory materials refractory substance Natural processes can not change its chemical composition, or change very slowly substances. For example, in the sewage treatment process, not biodegradable Substances.

2.3 Pathogen

Capable of susceptible plants, animals (including humans) in vivo biological causes of the disease.

2.4 Enterovirus enteric virus

Can in the human and animal gastrointestinal virus propagation.

2.5-point source pollution point source pollution Determined by the point sources of pollution generated. Such as pollution of factory effluent (discharge of industrial waste water pollution).

2.6 PAHs polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH

Organic compounds containing two or more benzene rings, which rings share two adjacent carbon atoms, there may be a non-aromatic hydrocarbon rings.

Note. Some PAHs, including benzo [a] pyrene, indeno [1,2,3-cd] pyrene and benzo [b] fluoranthene, has been shown to be carcinogenic in experimental animals, people may Body cancer.

2.7 Zooplankton

Plankton fauna class.

2.8 Plankton

Rafting or biological suspended in water. Mainly by small plant or animal composition, including poor exercise capacity of the larger species.

2.9 Phytoplankton

Plankton flora category.

2.10 Humic acid humic acids

In alkaline solution dissolved in the acid solution and precipitated humus component.

2.11 Humus humic substances

An amorphous complex macromolecular polymeric organic material. Animals and plants are in the soil and sediment humification product, make surface water presents Yellowish brown features.

2.12 Fulvic acid fulvic acids

Acid, alkali solution can dissolve humus component.

2.13 Senses organoleptic

Through the senses to describe the characteristics of the water, such as color, taste, smell and appearance.

2.14 Filterability; filtrability

In the sludge treatment process, showing the difficulty of separating the solid-liquid phase by filtration.

2.15 Combined sewer system combined sewerage system

Wastewater and surface runoff water systems share the same set of drains and sewers.

2.16 Riverbank storage bankside storage

Raw water storage reservoir on the shore.

2.17 Environmental adaptability acclimatization

Biological populations to natural changes in the environment or long-term changes (such as industrial wastewater and domestic sewage discharge duration) applied to human adaptation process.

NOTE. In some countries, acclimation and acclimatization as synonyms.

2.18 Carps cyprinid

Belonging carp fish, sometimes used as a biological indicator of water quality. For example, roach, rudd, carp.

2.19 Fluidized bed fluidized bed

In the upward flow, under the action of air or a combination of both, to form a free small particles suspended in the filter bed.

2.20 Membrane filtration membrane filtration

Through a certain pore size of the membrane filtration to remove particulate matter and microbial or enriched (excluding free virus) technique from the fluid.

NOTE. This technique is applied to a variety of physical - chemical and microbiology, for example. liquids and gases "sterile" and separating the microorganisms from the free virus Virus isolation test for the quantitative evaluation.

2.21 Reversal turnover

Natural forces (normally by the wind) caused the rapid destruction of freshwater body of water (such as lakes or reservoirs) layering effect.

2.22 Plate count plate count; colony counting colony count

Estimates of the number of a certain volume of water living microorganisms (including bacteria, yeasts and molds). Under specified conditions, the number by a the number of colonies in a given medium or the surface is obtained.

2.23 Destratification

With the forces of nature or artificial means, so that the surface water and the lower water lake or reservoir mixing.

2.24 Hypoxia anoxic

The dissolved oxygen concentration is too low leads to the use of microorganisms priority nitrogen, sulfur or carbon oxidation state as a state of the electron acceptor.

2.25 (sludge) heat treatment heat treatment (of sludge); heat regulating thermal conditioning it is adjusted by heating the sludge (often required pressure), so that the sludge is dewatered in a static or dynamic dewatering easier.

2.26 Dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic carbon, DOC

That is not part of the organic carbon removal from the water with a specific filtration methods.

Note. The specific filtering method, e.g., membrane pore size of 0.45 µm filtration.

2.27 Plumbo-solvent aqueous solution of lead

Pipes and fittings from the dissolution of lead in water.

2.28 Water soluble copper cupro-solvent

Pipes and fittings from the dissolution of copper in water.

2.29 (sewer) infiltration Groundwater through cracks in the pipeline or have a connection point of failure into the drains or sewers process.

NOTE. under negative pressure, the main line penetration will occur.

2.30 (soil) infiltration Natural or artificial soil to lose ground (s) of water.

2.31 Two-way alternate filtration alternating double filtration, ADF

Two sewage biological filtration treatment process, two were separated by filtration using humus intermediate sedimentation method.

Note. The two-way alternate filtration process operation used to change the filter in order each time interval, except humus settling tank. This operation allows the process of BOD volume Load than single-stage filter or a two-stage filtration generally higher, and also to avoid filters and filter surface film of dirt accumulation.

2.32 Iron bacteria iron bacteria

By oxidizing iron (II) and get the energy group of bacteria.

NOTE. After the oxidation of ferrous iron (II) generate trivalent iron (III) hydroxide, can be deposited in the bacteria inside or outside the sheath.

2.33 Land Treatment Act land treatment

Use of irrigated land in the form of wastewater treatment processes.

2.34 Dezincification

When the water in contact with a certain chemical properties of brass or zinc alloy, zinc can be selectively eluted.

Note. for example, can be affected by zinc alloy pipe dezincification erosion.

2.35 Micropollutant

Environmental concentrations of trace levels of contaminants.

2.36 Microfiltration microstrainer

The device consists of very fine stainless steel wire mesh-covered drum constitution. The drum about a horizontal axis of rotation, most of its screening to be immersed in water, with backwash solids removal.

2.37 Matt with aphotic zone

Insufficient light for effective photosynthesis that part of the body of water.

2.38 Pollution load polluting load

Period of time to enter the number of sewage treatment plants or discharged into a body of water pollutant in a particular pollutant.

2.39 Cesspool; cesspit

It can not be used to collect sewage discharged into the public sewer impervious pool, mostly underground, with different septic tanks, no export.

2.40 Digested sludge digested sludge

Under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, due to the action of microorganisms has stabilized sludge.

2.41 Acclimation

To meet the needs of the experiment, a biological population processes adapted to specific environmental conditions.

2.42 Filter press filter press

A filter apparatus. (Gravure) projecting from the edge of the filter press filter plates composed of a concave, generally set in the cloth filter plates per two Plates and frame form a filter chamber, the central well filter plate forms a channel connecting the chambers, sludge (filter pulp) that is, from the pore pressure into the filter chamber.

Note. The filter press sludge in the water after separation into the drainage system, the rest of the compacted sludge is cleared after each filtration cycle.

2.43 Heterotrophic bacteria heterotrophic bacteria

Bacteria need organic matter as an energy source.

NOTE. In contrast called autotrophic bacteria (autotrophic bacteria).

2.44 Inhibitors inhibitor

Chemical or biological processes to reduce the speed of the material.

2.45 Protozoa

A door unicellular eukaryotic animal exhibits ranging from simple single-cell biological diversity or population of cells to advanced organizational structure, and in the form and nutrition has a significant difference.

2.46 Eukaryotic

In cells having a visible and clear description of the biological nucleus.

2.47 Carcinogen; carcinogenic substance

In the human, animal or plant-induced proliferation of malignant cells in vivo (carcinoma) substance.

2.48 Mutagens mutagen

Can cause changes in the genetic material.

2.49 Most probable number most probable number, MPN

The number of microorganisms in the water to a volume of statistical estimates. Detecting a series of samples using standard methods of volume, combined with positive and negative Test results obtained estimates.

Note. The multi-tube MPN method is the determination of a standard method.