HJ 555-2010Technical guideline on environmental safety application of chemical fertilizer (English PDF)

Foreword

To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", "People's Republic of China Air Pollution Prevention Law" and "Water People's Republic of China Pollution Prevention Act "to prevent or reduce the use of chemical fertilizers adverse environmental impacts, protect the ecological environment, the development of this standard.

This standard specifies the principles of environmentally safe use of fertilizers, technical measures for pollution control and management measures and other related content.

This standard is the first release.

This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization.

This standard is mainly drafted by. Environmental Protection Department of the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences.

This standard is approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection March 8, 2010.

This standard since May 1, 2010 implementation.

The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.

Fertilizer use environmentally safe technology Guide

1 Scope

This standard specifies the principles of environmentally safe fertilizer use, control measures and management measures and other related content.

This standard applies to the supervision and management of environmental safety guidance farming fertilizer use, but also as an agricultural crop production guidance technology sector Branch Studies based fertilization.

2 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

Fertilizer Direct or indirect supply of crop nutrients, improve soil characteristics, in order to improve crop yield and quality of the material. Generally divided into organic fertilizer, no Organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer three categories.

Organic fertilizer organic manure Refers mainly from plants and (or) animals, applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition and soil physical and chemical properties of its main functions containing Carbon materials.

Fertilizer chemical fertilizer Chemical fertilizers referred to, also known as inorganic fertilizers. It refers to the minerals, air, water as raw material, through chemical fertilizers and machined steel. Have Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements fertilizer, containing only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, one of the three elements is called a single fertilizers, and containing two or three of Called composite (mixed) fertilizer.

Fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer to provide plant nutrients nitrogen as its main effect of single fertilizers. The main varieties are urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, Ammonium, ammonia and liquid ammonia.

Phosphate phosphorous fertilizer to provide its main plant nutrients phosphorus efficacy of single fertilizers. The main varieties of phosphate rock, superphosphate (including ordinary superphosphate and Two kinds of triple superphosphate), calcium magnesium phosphate slag phosphate fertilizer.

Potash fertilizer to provide nutrients for the main effect of plant potassium elemental fertilizer. The main varieties are potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and the like.

Composite (mixed) fertilizer complex (compound) fertilizer it refers to chemically synthesized or mixed into fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the two kinds or more nutritious elements.

Trace element fertilizer microelement fertilizer those containing one or more plant growth are necessary, but very little fertilizer and nutrient requirements, such as Boron, manganese fertilizer and Zn, Copper fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer.

Slow-release fertilizer slowly-available fertilizer Over a period of time can slow release fertilizer nutrients for plant uptake and utilization of.

2.10

Basal basal fertilizer Before sowing or before transplanting into the soil fertilizer.

2.11

Additional fertilizer top dressing During the growing process of applying fertilizer.

2.12

Urease inhibitor urease inhibitor that certain can inhibit urease activity, delaying the hydrolysis of urea to reduce ammonia nitrogen volatilization loss of substance.

2.13

Nitrification inhibitor nitrification inhibitor that certain bacteria can inhibit nitrification activity, slow down the conversion of ammonium to nitrate, thereby reducing the nitrogen to nitrate leaching losses were state quality.

2.14

Fertilization fomula fertilization Comprehensive use of modern agricultural science and technology achievements, according to the laws of crop fertilizer, for the soil properties and fertilizer effect, have put forward before the crop planting Manure, a reasonable ratio of NPK fertilizer and a variety of fertilizer, the amount and the corresponding application technique.

3 Fertilizer Environmental Safety Principles

3.1 Under the premise of protecting agricultural production, conserve resources, improve the utilization of fertilizers.

3.2 consider the climate characteristics in different regions, cropping systems, environmental carrying capacity and environmental quality requirements, determine fertilizer varieties, dosage and Shi Method.

3.3 Analysis of fertilizer varieties of different characteristics, and the way the loss factors by adjusting factors can be artificially controlled, from the source, Field management, the end of the three aspects of control interception loss fertilizers, reduce environmental pollution risks.

4 Source Control Measures

5 Measures to reduce the loss of fertilizer

5.1 using reasonable farming methods. In steep areas prone to fertilizer runoff loss should be taken of conservation tillage (no-till farming or less) to reduce soil disturbance, but also the loss of the use of straw to reduce runoff. In a major leakage of chemical fertilizer wastage plains, can Take soil tillage destroy large pores, or controlled drainage conserve soil moisture, prevent soil particles and dried produce large pores cause leakage.

5.2 appropriate irrigation method. Dry promoting the use of drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other advanced ways to minimize flood irrigation; paddy field to strengthen the field of water management, agricultural water to minimize emissions.

5.3 Use of appropriate crop rotation system. Suitable rotation system can improve the utilization of fertilizers and reduce wastage. Such as legumes and other crops Crop rotation, can save the amount of fertilizer; deep-rooted crops and shallow-rooted crop rotation can make full use of soil nutrients.

5.4 Conditional field area available channels, ponds and ditches near farmland and other temporary admission nutritious farmland drainage, irrigation and then Use to achieve recycling.

5.5 between farmland and protected body of water, the use of natural ecosystems should establish a buffer zone, or in Riverside, protective artificial lake Belt filter to intercept nutrients from farm effluent, improve purification capacity of nutrients, preventing nutrients into the surrounding rivers, lakes and reservoirs Water body.

6 Fertilizer Environmental Safety Management Measures

6.1 in accordance with the principles and cleaner production concept of circular economy, to encourage farmers to engage in ecological agriculture production, actively promote organic agriculture Development, promotion of agricultural waste harmless, resource utilization.

6.2 based on risk management ideas, encourage high fertilizer inputs industries (such as vegetable production) is transferred to a low-point source pollution risk areas.

6.3 explore the establishment of environmental economic compensation system, due to not applied less fertilizer caused economic loss of income of growers to impose economic compensation.

6.4 to encourage the reduction of fertilizer use of technology, research and development and the loss of farmland ecological engineering technology to intercept nutrients.

6.5 to strengthen environmental monitoring of agricultural production areas, to grasp the environmental impact of fertilizer after the loss of farmland.

6.6 In larger drinking water sources and pollution load area, control the use of fertilizers.

6.7 combined with building an ecological province, county or ecological eco-city, to explore the implementation of regional fertilizer use total control.

6.8 strengthen publicity and education and science promotion, give full play to the functions of agricultural extension services, and raise public awareness of the irrational use of fertilizers Understanding hazards generated.