HJ 492-2009Air quality. Vocabulary (English PDF)

2.1 Reduction abatement

Prior to discharge of pollutants or emissions, reduce or eliminate the discharge amount thereof.

2.2 Aerosol

Solid particles or liquid particles in a gaseous medium in both a suspension system. These particles fall velocity in the system is small.

2.3 Air pollutant air pollutant

Due to human activity or natural processes, emissions into the atmosphere have adverse effects on people or the environment of the substance.

2.4 Air pollution air pollution

Due to human activity or natural processes such emissions to atmospheric concentrations of substance and duration sufficient for human comfort, health to and when facilities or adversely affect the environment, called air pollution.

2.5 Egan nuclear Aitken nuclei

Egan mean particle size less than 0.1 µm nuclear aerosol particles, generally present in the atmosphere, concentrations ranging from a few thousandths to a few tenths, by human activity or natural processes to produce, but also by physical, chemical reactions.

2.6 Ambient Air ambient air

Refers to people, plants, animals and buildings are exposed to outdoor air.

2.7 Ambient air quality ambient air quality

Indicating the extent of contamination by the ambient air condition.

2.8 Ambient Air Quality Standard ambient air quality standard

Various ambient air quality standards prescribed by law, usually provide a certain period of time the average concentrations of air pollutants in the upper and lower limits.

2.9 Dust arrester

An apparatus for removing a gaseous medium particles.

2.10 Gray ash

Carbonaceous material remaining after combustion of solid residues. Although the ash may contain incompletely burned fuel, but from the analysis point of view, Often it is assumed that the product is complete combustion.

2.11 (Earth's) atmosphere (of the Earth) the composition of air around the entire globe.

2.12 Average time averaging time

It generated based on different measurement methods, the time interval at which the air quality expressed as mean.

2.13 (atmospheric pollutants) background concentration of background concentration (of air pollution) in certain geographic area, that part of the air is not directly associated with the study of the sources of quality.

2.14 Bag filter bag filter

Fibers removal of particulate matter in gas stream filtration device.

2.15 Baghouse

Combination filter and mechanical devices, can remove particulate matter and discharged to the outside protection collection box.

2.16 Breathing zone breathing zone

Human respiratory direct use that part of the atmosphere.

2.17 Diffuser bubbler

Passing through the liquid absorption medium means gas sample. By the end of the gas inlet tube inserted into the liquid, or even install a gas distributor Toru Bottom dispersed into the liquid.

2.18 Cascade impactor sampler cascade impactor

Using the principles of impact, according to the size of the impulse can be collected separately at the same time sort of a sampling device of different size particles.

2.19 Chimney effect chimney effect

Due to temperature or other local air leaving the air mass moving up phenomenon.

2.20 Cut-off point cut off

Under certain conditions, the collection efficiency is equal to a sample value corresponding to a predetermined particle diameter.

2.21 a cyclone or cyclone 2.21.1 gas by centrifugal force generated by the movement so that dust or droplets separated from the gas in the separation device.

2.21.2 atmospheric low pressure area associated with rotary wind systems, called cyclones.

2.22 Gaussian diffusion parameters dispersion parameters, Gaussian

Expression gas diffusion Gaussian model parameters with the size range of the gas diffusion distance and the time change. With its atmospheric stability Changes.

2.23 Droplet

Small liquid particles having a certain density, particle size generally less than 200 µm. In the still air of the case it can fall down, but in turbulent Case flow may be suspended in the air.

2.24 Dry adiabatic lapse rate dry adiabatic lapse rate

See 2.53 lapse rate.

2.25 Dust dust

Usually it refers to the aerodynamic diameter of 75 µm or less equivalent of small solid particles. It can be suspended in the air for some time, by its own weight You can settle from the air.

2.26 Effective chimney height effective chimney height

Height of chimney flue gas diffusion equations used in that chimney height plus gas lift height. Flue gas lift height depends on the Port speed, temperature and wind speed and other factors, it may also be affected by the terrain.

2.27 Electrostatic precipitator electrostatic precipitator

The use of gas by the strong electric field of charged particles, and then through the electrode positively/negatively charged particles by the negative side/positive electrode plates were adsorbed an apparatus for removing the gas stream type of particulate matter.

2.28 Elutriation

When particles suspended in a flowing fluid, the use of which it has different settling velocity and its separation method.

2.29 Emission

Substances into the atmosphere in the process of discharge point or surface material called "sources." This term is used to describe the discharge and the discharge rate is applied it can be used to noise, heat and so on.

2.30 Emission concentration emission concentration

The discharge of air pollutants in the mouth, in the effluent concentration.

2.31 Emission factors emission factor

Proportional representation produces an air pollutant in a certain activity, it is the ratio of the amount of pollutants generated by activities calculated. example such as the production of sulfur dioxide emissions per tonne of steel.

2.32 Emission flux emission flux

Unit sources sectional emission rates.

2.33 Emission rate emission rate

The amount (or other physical) within a unit time atmospheric emissions of pollutants.

2.34 Emission standard emission standard

The legal status of emissions for each emission rates. Often defined as the minimum emissions of certain emission rates, or diluted in a predetermined Emission concentration level or other values under.

2.35 Equivalent diameter equivalent diameter

In performance geometry, optical, electrical, or other aspects of the aerodynamic equivalent spherical particle diameter of particulate matter being studied.

2.36 Fly ash fly ash

Fine particles entrained in the flue gas during the combustion of the fuel.

2.37 Fog fog

Usually it refers to liquid droplets in a gas suspension system. Meteorology ordered the visibility is reduced to less than 1 km of water droplets suspended in the atmosphere system.

2.38 Smoke fume

A solid aerosol particles, usually evaporated from the molten material in the smelting process to produce condensation, and often accompanied by the oxidation reaction should.

2.39 Gasification of gel fumes

It refers to the air to produce unpleasant, foul-smelling product of the habit, it can be generated from the chemical reaction process.

2.40 Smoked Shen fumigation

When the inversion layer destruction, was retained by the inversion layer contaminants are quickly brought to a meteoric phenomenon of turbulence ground.

2.41 Dust grit

In the atmosphere or in the flue gas contained in the solid particles, aerodynamic equivalent diameter is usually greater than 75 µm.

2.42 Dust

Refers to the suspension in a gas general terms various particle sizes of the solid particles over time (see 2.25 and 2.41).

2.43 Ground level concentration ground level concentration

Usually located on the ground or breathing zone height, per unit volume of air in a solid, liquid or gaseous substances.

2.44 Haze haze

A large number of very fine monomer invisible particles suspended in the air, leaving the atmosphere showing a white, a phenomenon of reduced visibility.

2.45 Into immission

Pollutant transfer "receptors" on from the atmosphere to such contaminants are retained lungs. Meaning it releases the opposite.

2.46 Immission dose into the dose

During the exposure of the receptor to accept the cumulative amount of pollutants.

2.47 Immission flux into the flux

Receptor unit of surface area on the acceptance rate.

2.48 Into the rate immission rate

Per unit time, contaminants transferred to the quality (or other physical quantities) receptors.

2.49 Impact dust collector impinger

The use of impact and retention is the principle of acquisition A Sampling of particulate matter and gases.

2.50 Indoor air indoor air

Air enclosed space (such as shelter, public buildings) inside.

2.51 Interferences interferent

Affect the measurement results of air samples in any of the components, including the components to be measured.

2.52 Isokinetic sampling isokinetic sampling

A Sampling of suspended particulate matter in the gas stream method of collection, the same as the sampling rate and sampling point air velocity.

2.53 Lapse rate lapse rate

Atmospheric variables (it means without Annotated temperature) changes with height. Increasing altitude atmospheric temperature decreases, decreasing the rate of positive value. Such as If the meteorological conditions, atmospheric lapse rate and adiabatic lapse rate of a rise in air League Cadres of the same (about 10 °C/km) called the atmosphere at this time Having a dry adiabatic lapse rate.

measurement period 2.54 during the measurement from the first measurement to the last measurement the end of the interval.

2.55 Micrometeorology

Part of meteorology. Observing and interpreting mesoscale atmospheric physics and a dynamic process of discipline. To date, this area the study also confined to the atmospheric boundary layer, until a certain height from the Earth's surface. At this height, straight to the underlying surface and air movement components Then action can be ignored.

2.56 MARGARET mist

A loose definition, refers to a gas droplets are suspended phenomenon. When Margaret appeared on meteorology, visibility 1 ~ 2 km.

2.57 Monitoring

2.57.1 Broadly speaking, in order to track changes in the types of pollutants, the concentration of pollutants in a certain period of repeated measurements.

2.57.2 In a narrow sense, regularly measured in order to determine whether the performance criteria or evaluation of management and control systems, for pollutants, said to monitor.

2.58 Monthly average month

The average monthly ambient air comprehensive report analyzing the data (calculated on a monthly basis 30 d).

2.59 Natural background concentration natural background concentration

In the anthropogenic emissions negligible original air at a given concentration of the substance.

2.60 Malodorous substance odorant

It has a special smell unpleasant substances.

2.61 Smell odour

Stimulate the olfactory organ has the characteristics of a substance.

2.62 Olfactory identified members odour panel

A substance odor intensity is compared with a reference value or by odor identification of material personnel.

2.63 Odor threshold odour threshold

Determination of smell or olfactory threshold detection threshold.

2.64 Olfactory perception threshold odour detection threshold

Half olfactory identified members be able to detect a minimum concentration of smell odor present. In the olfactory detection threshold, foul smell strips are used as identified staff Virtual samples.

2.65 Olfaction threshold odour recognition threshold

Half were able to identify the minimum concentration value characteristic odor. In the sense of smell to identify a threshold detection, foul smell strips are used as virtual identified staff sample.

2.66 Particulate matter particle

Small discrete solid or liquid form.

2.67 Photochemical reaction photochemical reaction

Certain substances in the optical radiation produced by a chemical reaction.

2.68 Photochemical smog photochemical smog

Atmospheric nitrogen oxides, a group of oxidizing organic compound and an oxidizing agent under the action of sunlight generated and may cause visibility Degree of deterioration. When it reaches sufficient concentrations can irritate eyes, respiratory tract, and material damage plants.

2.69 Plume plume

From a specific outlet such as a chimney or vent exhaust gas stream (usually visible).

2.70 Gas lift height plume rise

Meter from the discharge outlet, plume centerline height.

2.71 Initial primary pollutant contaminants

Discharged directly from the sources of air pollutants and secondary pollutants formed in the atmosphere of phase difference.

2.72 Probe probe

An apparatus for measuring or collecting pipe or chimney material, generally tubular.

2.73 Yuxi effect rain-out

The raindrops in a cloud of small particulate matter removal effect.

2.74 Remote sensing remote sensing

Use not in direct contact with the measured system analyzer, the atmosphere or emission source material or atmospheric meteorological parameters.

2.75 Retention efficiency retention efficiency

When demultiplexing sampler collecting samples, the amount of particles into the instrument with the ratio of the total amount of particles (generally expressed as a percentage) collected.

2.76 Ringelman coefficient Ringelmann number

A numerical evaluation plume blackness, through the plume observed with the naked eye with Ringer Salamanca [from 0 (white) to 5 (black) a grid Number] get contrast.

2.77 Sampling

2.77.1 Continuous sampling continuous sampling

Over the entire operating procedure or a predetermined time, uninterrupted sampling.

2.77.2 Instantaneous sampling grab sampling

In a very short time, collecting a sample.

2.78 Sampling time sampling time

Single sample collection interval.

2.79 Scavenging purification

Contamination due to natural processes, and remove or reduce the concentration of the process or phenomenon from the atmosphere.

2.80 Wet scrubber, wet

Use contact interface damp or use spray impact, etc., to remove the device a stream of particles or contaminants.

2.81 Scrubber scrubbing

A gas sampling or gas purifier A process to be used. Certain components of the gas stream into contact with a liquid surface (filler, spraying or bubbling Party Law) is cleared.

2.82 Secondary pollutant secondary pollutants

Once contaminants or other substances from the stationary sources, mobile sources of emissions in the atmosphere by physical or chemical reaction generated pollution Thereof.

2.83 Settling chamber settling chamber

Designed to reduc...