GB/T 47292.4-2026Lithium-ion battery good manufacturing practice - Part 4: Battery pack process control and finished product testing (English PDF)

1 Scope

This document specifies the general requirements, qualification rate, overall equipment effectiveness, error-proofing and traceability, technical cleanliness, electrostatic discharge protection, cell pre-processing, laser welding, product attachment, battery pack processing, cell grouping, module enclosure, structural connection, electrical connection, finished product testing and other requirements during the production process of lithium ion batteries.

This document applies to the production process quality management of manufacturers of power, energy storage and consumer lithium ion batteries.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

GB/T 16895.1, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 1: Fundamental principles assessment of general characteristics definitions

GB/T 16895.3, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements and protective conductors

GB/T 34014, Coding regulation for automotive traction battery

GB/T 45565, Coding regulations of lithium ion batteries

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

4 Abbreviated terms

For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.

BMS. Battery Management System

CMK. Machine Capability Index

CPK. Capability Process Index

DOE. Design of Experiments

ESD. Electrostatic Discharge

LWM. Laser Welding Monitor

MSA. Measurement System Analysis

OCT. Optical Coherence Tomography

OCV. Open Circuit voltage

WDD. Welding Defects Detection

%P/T. Percentage of Tolerance

%GRR. Percentage of Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility

5 General requirements

5.1 According to the qualification rate, overall equipment effectiveness, structural connection, electrical connection, finished product testing and other aspects of the lithium ion battery production process, the requirements are classified into specified value (Grade C), target value (Grade B) and advanced value (Grade A) based on the current industry level. Lithium ion battery manufacturers shall at least meet the requirements of Grade C.

5.2 Enterprises shall continuously control the production level of lithium ion batteries (including but not limited to the indicators specified in 5.1), and shall implement systematic error-proofing for key parameters and materials throughout the entire production process, so as to achieve traceability throughout the product life cycle.

5.3 Key inspection equipment shall be subject to MSA evaluation before being put into use.

5.4 The qualification rate, overall equipment effectiveness and process capability shall be statistically analyzed during the stable mass production period of products (daily production capacity >= 70% × the maximum designed daily production capacity, or after 60 d of production).

5.5 The applicable scope of key indicators for the production process of lithium ion batteries is shown in Table 1.

5.6 For other types of battery packs, the power/energy storage items or consumer items shall be selected according to the process.

6 Qualification rate

6.1 Enterprises shall monitor the qualification rate of each process. The qualification rate of key processes shall meet the requirements specified in Table 2.

a) The key processes of power battery products shall at least include: cell grouping, module enclosure, structural connection (bolt connection, adhesive bonding, laser welding), electrical connection (laser welding, electrical component connection), and airtightness testing and electrical performance testing in finished product testing;

b) The qualification rate should be collected in real time by an automated system, so as to reduce human errors.

6.2 Defect types affecting product reliability and safety shall not be reworked. For example, cell damage (excluding appearance issues such as minor scratches or marks), cell weld penetration and other defects shall not be reworked.

Note: This chapter applies to power lithium ion cell enterprises. Energy storage and consumer lithium ion cell enterprises may refer to and implement this clause according to their actual conditions.

7 Overall equipment effectiveness

Overall equipment effectiveness = (equipment utilization rate × performance efficiency × total qualification rate) × 100%, which is a key indicator for measuring the comprehensive performance of equipment during the production process and is mainly used to evaluate the ratio of actual output of equipment to the theoretical maximum output. The calculation methods for equipment utilization rate and performance efficiency are as follows:

a) Equipment utilization rate = actual operating time / planned operating time. The statistics shall define the planned operating time and actual operating time, and the causes of downtime shall be accurately recorded;

b) Performance efficiency = actual output / theoretical maximum output. The theoretical maximum output shall be clearly specified in documents; the overall equipment effectiveness shall meet the requirements specified in Table 3.

Note 1. The total qualification rate is the ratio of the number of qualified products to the total input quantity. The total qualification rate = number of qualified products / total input quantity × 100%, or the product of the qualification rates of each individual process. The total input quantity is the theoretical output quantity when the qualification rate is 100%.

Note 2. This Chapter applies to power lithium ion cell enterprises. Energy storage and consumer lithium ion cell enterprises may refer to and implement this Chapter according to their actual conditions.

8 Error-proofing and traceability

9 Technical cleanliness

Power and energy storage lithium ion battery enterprises shall comprehensively identify and control the risk of foreign particle contamination through corresponding standard systems, from product design, process development, equipment development, mass production release, to the supply of lithium ion battery materials. The following requirements shall be met:

a) Reasonable specifications for foreign particles shall be established according to the requirements for product safety and quality;

b) Foreign particles in products and the environment shall be regularly monitored through dust fall adhesive paper or particle extraction instruments. Microscopes, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and other methods should be used for analyzing their size and composition;

c) For processes that may generate foreign particles (such as welding), cleanliness control measures shall be provided and verification may be carried out by methods such as attenuation testing.

10 Electrostatic discharge protection

Enterprises shall establish corresponding electrostatic discharge control procedures in accordance with the electrostatic sensitive voltage or level of electrostatic sensitive items, combined with the characteristics and requirements of their own products, with […]