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GB/T 35085-2018Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials -- Vickers and Knoop Hardness testing of joints welded by laser and electron beam (English PDF)

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Issued by

State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

Level / Type

National · Recommended

Issue date

May 14, 2018

Implementation date

December 1, 2018

Scope

GB/T 35085-2018 (Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials -- Vickers and Knoop Hardness testing of joints welded by laser and electron beam) is available as an English-translated PDF.

GB/T 35085-2018 — This standard specifies the Vickers and Knoop hardness tests for the cross section of laser and electron beam narrow welds of metallic materials. The Vickers hardness test force specified in this standard is usually 0.098N~<=98N (HV0.01~<=HV10), Knoop hardness test The force range is usually no more than 9.8N (HK1). This standard applies to the hardness test of weld specimens with or without filler wire. This standard does not apply to hardness testing using laser/arc composite wide weld samples. The hardness test of non-narrow welds is carried out according to GB/T 2654 and GB/T 27552.

Document preview — GB/T 35085-2018

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

ICS: 25.160.40
Classification: J 33

Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 General
4 symbols and instructions
5 sample preparation
6 test procedure
6.1 General
6.2 Type of test
6.3 Test location requirements
6.4 point test (E type test)
6.5 line test (R type test)
7 test results
8 test report
100 - 0.043 0.061 0.096 0.136 0.193 0.304 0.431
150 - 0.035 0.050 0.079 0.111 0.157 0.249 0.352
200 - 0.030 0.043 0.068 0.096 0.136 0.215 0.304
250 - 0.027 0.039 0.061 0.086 0.122 0.193 0.272
300 - 0.025 0.035 0.056 0.079 0.111 0.176 0.249
350 - 0.023 0.033 0.051 0.073 0.103 0.163 0.230
400 - 0.022 0.030 0.048 0.068 0.096 0.152 0.215
450 - 0.020 0.029 0.045 0.064 0.091 0.144 0.203
500 - - 0.027 0.043 0.061 0.086 0.136 0.193
550 - - 0.028 0.041 0.058 0.082 0.130 0.184
600 - - 0.025 0.039 0.056 0.079 0.124 0.176
650 - - 0.024 0.038 0.053 0.076 0.119 0.169
700 - - 0.023 0.036 0.051 0.073 0.115 0.163
750 - - 0.022 0.035 0.050 0.070 0.111 0.157
800 - - 0.022 0.034 0.048 0.068 0.108 0.152
850 - - 0.021 0.033 0.047 0.066 0.104 0.148
400 - 0.027 0.042 0.060 0.084 0.103 0.133 0.189
450 - 0.025 0.040 0.056 0.079 0.097 0.126 0.178
500 - 0.024 0.038 0.053 0.075 0.092 0.119 0.169
550 - 0.023 0.036 0.051 0.072 0.088 0.114 0.161
600 - 0.022 0.034 0.049 0.069 0.084 0.109 0.154
650 - 0.021 0.033 0.047 0.066 0.081 0.105 0.148
700 - 0.020 0.032 0.045 0.064 0.078 0.101 0.143
750 - - 0.031 0.043 0.062 0.075 0.097 0.138
800 - - 0.030 0.042 0.060 0.073 0.094 0.133
850 - - 0.029 0.041 0.058 0.071 0.091 0.129
1 welded metal, top
2 welded metal, bottom
3 heat affected zone, welded top
4 heat affected zone, welded bottom
5 heat affected zone, welded top
6 heat affected zone, welded bottom
7 base metal
8 base metal

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.

This standard uses the redrafting method to modify the use of ISO 22826.2005 "destructive testing of metallic materials laser and electron beam welding

Head Vickers and Knoop hardness test.

The technical differences between this standard and ISO 22826.2005 and their reasons are as follows.

---About the normative reference documents, this standard has made technical adjustments to adapt to China's technical conditions, adjustments

The situation is reflected in Chapter 2, "Regulatory References", and the specific adjustments are as follows.

* Replace ISO 6507 (all parts) with GB/T 4340 (all parts), the degree of consistency between the two parts

as follows.

GB/T 4340.1-2009 Vickers hardness test for metallic materials - Part 1. Test methods (ISO 6507-1.

2005, MOD);

GB/T 4340.2-2012 Vickers hardness test for metallic materials - Part 2. Examination and calibration of durometer

(ISO 6507-2.2005, MOD);

GB/T 4340.3-2012 Vickers hardness test for metallic materials - Part 3. Calibration of standard hardness blocks

(ISO 6507-3.2005, MOD).

* The original ISO 4545, ISO 4546, ISO 4547, ISO 10250 have been ISO 4545-1, ISO 4545-2,

Replaced by ISO 4545-3 and ISO 4545-4, this standard replaces ISO 4545 with GB/T 18449 (all parts) (all departments)

Points), the degree of consistency between the two parts of the standard is as follows.

GB/T 18449.1-2009 Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1. Test method (ISO 4545-1.

2005, MOD);

GB/T 18449.2-2012 Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 2. Examination and calibration of durometer

(ISO 4545-2.2005, MOD);

GB/T 18449.3-2012 Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 3. Calibration of standard hardness blocks

(ISO 4545-3.2005, MOD);

GB/T 18449.4-2009 Metallic materials Knoop hardness test Part 4. Hardness value table (ISO 4545-4.

2005, IDT).

* Replace ISO /T R16060 with GB/T 26956.

This standard is proposed and managed by the National Welding Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC55).

This standard was drafted. Shanghai Materials Research Institute, Shanghai Laser Technology Research Institute, Harbin Welding Research Institute Co., Ltd.

1 Scope

This standard specifies the Vickers and Knoop hardness tests for the cross section of laser and electron beam narrow welds of metallic materials.

The Vickers hardness test force specified in this standard is usually 0.098N~<=98N (HV0.01~<=HV10), Knoop hardness test

The force range is usually no more than 9.8N (HK1).

This standard applies to the hardness test of weld specimens with or without filler wire.

This standard does not apply to hardness testing using laser/arc composite wide weld samples.

The hardness test of non-narrow welds is carried out according to GB/T 2654 and GB/T 27552.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.

Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T 4340.1 Vickers hardness test for metallic materials - Part 1. Test methods (GB/T 4340.1-2009, ISO 6507-

1.2005, MOD)

GB/T 4340.2 Vickers hardness test for metallic materials - Part 2. Examination and calibration of hardness testers (GB/T 4340.2-2012,

ISO 6507-2.2005, MOD)

GB/T 4340.3 Vickers hardness test for metallic materials - Part 3. Calibration of standard hardness blocks (GB/T 4340.3-2012,

ISO 6507-3.2005, MOD)

GB/T 18449.1 Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1. Test methods (GB/T 18449.1-2009,

ISO 4545-1.2005, MOD)

GB/T 18449.2 Knoop hardness test for metallic materials - Part 2. Examination and calibration of hardness testers (GB/T 18449.2-

2012, ISO 4545-2.2005, MOD)

GB/T 18449.3 Knoop hardness test for metallic materials - Part 3. Calibration of standard hardness blocks (GB/T 18449.3-2012,

ISO 4545-3.2005, MOD)

GB/T 18449.4 Metallic material Knoop hardness test - Part 4. Hardness value table (GB/T 18449.4-2009,

ISO 4545-4.2005, IDT)

GB/T 26956 Metallic material weld destructive test for macroscopic and microscopic inspection of etchant (GB/T 26956-2011,

ISO /T R16060.2003, IDT)

3 General

The Vickers hardness test shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 4340.1~GB/T 4340.3, and the Knoop hardness test shall be in accordance with GB/T 18449.1~

GB/T 18449.3 is required.

The hardness test is used to determine the hardness of the base metal on both sides of the weld (including the case where the base metal is different metal materials), the heat affected zone and the weld.

value. The hardness value can be obtained by a point test (E type test) or a line test (R type test). Point test (E type test) is a test point for one

Or a set of test types, the line test (R type test) is the test type of the test point on a straight line.

The test should be carried out at (23 +/- 5) °C. If the test temperature is outside this range, it should be noted in the report.

The results of the microhardness test are susceptible to vibration, so the test should be carried out in the absence of vibration.

4 symbols and instructions

Symbols and descriptions are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Symbols and description

Symbol description unit

HAZ heat affected zone -

HV Vickers hardness*

HK Knoop hardness**

L Distance between two adjacent indentation centers mm

Recommended distance between adjacent two indentation centers during MR test

W Distance between the center of the indentation of the heat affected zone and the fusion line mm

dV Vickers hardness test indentation diagonal length mm

dKL Knoop hardness test indentation long diagonal length mm

dKS Knoop hardness test indentation short diagonal length mm

h Weld penetration depth mm

t sample thickness mm

* See GB/T 4340.

** See GB/T 18449.

5 sample preparation

Sample preparation shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 4340.1 or GB/T 18449.1.

The cross section of the test piece shall be prepared by machining, usually perpendicular to the axis of the weld. Machining and subsequent sample surface preparation should be avoided due to

Overheating or cold working causes the surface of the sample to soften or harden.

The surface of the sample shall be properly ground and polished and properly etched according to GB/T 26956, so as to accurately determine different areas of the welded joint.

The indentation diagonal length of the field.

6 test procedure

6.1 General

Figure 1 shows a typical area of the hardness measurement location. 1~2 points means weld metal, 3~6 points means heat affected zone, 7~8 points

Indicated in the base metal.

Description.

1, 2 --- weld metal;

3, 4, 5, 6---heat affected zone (HAZ);

7, 8 --- base metal;

a --- weld center;

b ---fusion line.

Figure 1 Example of Vickers hardness and Knoop hardness test hardness measurement position

When the type of weld is different from the example, the test procedure appropriate to the type of weld should be selected.

6.2 Type of test

Figures 2 and 3 show examples of indentation locations for point testing (E-type testing), and Figure 4 and Figure 5 show indentation locations for line testing (R-type testing).

Set the example. Unless otherwise specified, the type of test shall be selected and recorded by the tester.

6.3 Test location requirements

When the thickness of the base metal t or the penetration depth h of the weld is not more than 4 mm, the indentation of the weld metal and the heat affected zone shall be 1/2 of the thickness of the base metal.

Set (t/2) or 1/2 position (h/2) of weld penetration as shown in Figure 2a) and Figure 2c).

When the thickness of the base metal t or the penetration depth h of the weld is greater than 4 mm, the indentation shall be in the range of 2 mm from the top surface and the bottom surface (the bottom of the penetration depth).

Inside, as shown in Figure 2b) and Figure 2d). For double-sided full penetration T-type fillet welds, the indentation should be at the centerline of the fusion zone, see Figure 2d).

The unit is mm

a) Indentation position - weld penetration h<=4mm

Figure 2 Example of point test (E type test) indentation position

The unit is mm

b) Indentation position - weld penetration h >4mm

c) Indentation position - weld penetration h or base material thickness t <= 4mm

d) Indentation position - weld penetration h or base material thickness t > 4mm

Description.

1, 2 --- weld metal;

3, 4, 5, 6 --- heat affected zone (HAZ);

7, 8 --- base metal;

a --- weld center;

b ---fusion line.

Figure 2 (continued)

For hardened steel, the distance from the center of the indentation to the edge of the specimen shall be.

--- Vickers hardness test, at least 2.5 times the average length of the indentation diagonal;

--- In the Knoop hardness test, it is the short diagonal length of the indentation.

For non-hardened steels and non-ferrous metals, the distance between the center of the indentation and the edge of the specimen shall be.

--- Vickers hardness test, at least 3 times the average length of the indentation diagonal;

--- In the Knoop hardness test, it is the short diagonal length of the indentation.

The distance L between two adjacent indentation centers when point test (E type test) is shown in Table 2. Two adjacent indentations in the line test (R type test)

The distance L between the centers is shown in Table 4.

Note. It is recommended to use the same test force for the entire weld metal hardness test.

Table 2 Point test (E type test) the distance between two adjacent indentation centers

Determination method The distance between two adjacent indentation centers of the base material, L

Vickers hardness test (HV)

Hardened steel L>=3dV

Non-hardened steel and non-ferrous metals L>=6dV

Knoop hardness test (HK)

Hardened steel

L>=3dKL long diagonal

L>=3dKS short diagonal

Non-hardened steel and non-ferrous metals

L>=6dKL long diagonal

L>=6dKS short diagonal

6.4 point test (E type test)

6.4.1 Weld metal hardness test

Weld metal should be selected from at least 3 points for hardness testing. center, top and bottom, or center, left and right, as shown in Figure 3.

The hardness values of all indentations were determined. For large Vickers hardness tests, such as 49N (HV5) and 98N (HV10), indentation

The number can be reduced.

In the weld metal hardness test, the indentation diagonal length dV or dKS shall not be greater than 1/10 of the width of the weld to be tested. Test force should be satisfied

Table 3 requirements.

Note. The length of the diagonal of the indentation estimated according to the hardness value and the test force in the Vickers hardness test is shown in Table A.1; the hardness value and the test force in the Knoop hardness test.

The estimated length of the indentation diagonal is shown in Table A.2.

6.4.2 Hardness test of heat affected zone

The heat affected zone shall be selected from three points along the fusion line for hardness testing, see Figures 3a) and 3b).

The test force for the heat affected zone and the weld metal hardness test shall be the same. In the heat affected zone hardness test, between the center of the indentation and the fusion line

The distance W should be not less than 0.5dV and not more than dV, or not less than 0.5dKS and not more than 2dKS, as shown in Figures 3a) and 3b).

6.4.3 Base material hardness test

At least 3 points should be selected for the hardness test of the base metal, and the test position is recorded in the report.

For point testing, the measurement area should be numbered as shown in Figure 1.

a) Vickers hardness (dV/2 <= W <= dV)

b) Knoop hardness (dKS/2 <= W <= 2dKS)

Description.

1---weld metal;

3---heat affected zone (HAZ);

7---base metal;

a---weld center;

b---fusion line.

Figure 3 Example of point test (E-type test) weld metal and heat affected zone indentation position

Table 3 Test force

Hardness symbol

Vickers hardness test Knoop hardness test

Test force nominal value/N

HV0.01 HK0.01 0.09807

HV0.015 - 0.1471

HV0.02 HK0.02 0.1961

HV0.025 HK0.025 0.2452

HV0.05 HK0.05 0.4903

HV0.1 HK0.1 0.9807

HV0.2 HK0.2 1.961

HV0.3 HK0.3 2.942

HV0.5 HK0.5 4.903

HV1 HK1 9.807

HV2 - 19.61

HV3 - 29.42

HV5 - 49.03

HV10 - 98.07

6.5 line test (R type test)

Figure 4 shows an example of the indentation position of the line test (R type test). Increase the number of indentations and/if specified in the relevant agreement or application standard

Or change the location of the indentation, but it should be reflected in the test report.

For non-hardened steels and non-ferrous metals such as austenitic stainless steels, copper, light metals, lead, tin and their alloys, the bottom of the weld may not be required

Line test.

The location and number of indentations should be chosen to ensure that the hardened or softened areas caused by the weld can be determined. Weld and heat affected zone indentation

The recommended distance between the hearts is shown in Table 4.

For the metal hardened in the heat affected zone of the weld, two additional indentations shall be added. The distance W between the center of the indentation and the fusion line shall be dV/2

<= W <= dV or dKS/2 <= W <= 2dKS, as shown in Figure 5.

The unit is mm

Description.

1, 2 --- weld metal;

3, 4, 5, 6 --- heat affected zone (HAZ);

7, 8 --- base metal;

a --- weld center;

b ---fusion line.

Figure 4 Example of line test (R type test) indentation position

Table 4 Line test (R type test) Recommended distance between the weld and the adjacent two indentation centers in the heat affected zone

Hardness symbol

Recommended distance between the centers of two adjacent indentations, M*/mm

Hardened steel is not hardened steel and non-ferrous metals

HV0.01 0.1 0.3~1

HV0.10 0.2 0.6~2

HV1 0.5 1.5~4

HV5.00 0.7 2.5~5

HV10.0 1.0 3~5

HK0.01 0.1 0.3~1

HK0.10 0.2 0.6~2

HK1 0.3 1.5~4

* The recommended distance between the indented centers should not be less than the minimum specified in Table 2.

a) Vickers hardness (dV/2 <= W <= dV)

b) Knoop hardness (dKS/2 <= W <= 2dKS)

Description.

1---weld metal;

3---heat affected zone (HAZ);

7---base metal;

b---fusion line.

Figure 5 Example of indentation position added to the heat affected zone of hardened steel during line test (R type test)

7 test results

The indentation position and corresponding hardness values should be recorded.

8 test report

The test report shall include but is not limited to the following.

a) test temperature;

b) the thickness and dimensions of the base metal and welded joints;

c) type of welding, laser or electron beam type, type of welding equipment and welding conditions;

d) hardness test type, E type test or R type test (Vickers or Knoop), and hardness symbol;

e) test equipment verification/calibration certificate (including verification/calibration standard block and verification/calibration time);

f) the location of the indentation;

g) single value and average value of hardness;

h) the date of the test;

i) the tester;

j) Sample identification.

The recommended recording formats are given in Appendix B and Appendix C. Other formats can also be used, but should include all the content required to be recorded.

Appendix A

(informative appendix)

Test force selection

Tables A.1 and A.2 show the indentation diagonals estimated from the hardness and test forces in the Vickers hardness and Knoop hardness tests, respectively.

An example of length. Equations A.1 and A.2 give the calculation formulas for the diagonal length of the indentation for Vickers hardness and Knoop hardness test, respectively.

Table A.1 Length of the diagonal of the indentation estimated from the hardness value and the test force in the Vickers hardness test

Vickers hardness

Test force, F/N

0.098 0.980 1.96 4.90 9.80 19.6 49 98

Hardness symbol

HV0.01 HV0.1 HV0.2 HV0.5 HV1 HV2 HV5 HV10

Indentation diagonal length, dV/mm

50 0.020 0.061 0.086 0.136 0.193 0.272 0.431 0.609

100 - 0.043 0.061 0.096 0.136 0.193 0.304 0.431

150 - 0.035 0.050 0.079 0.111 0.157 0.249 0.352

200 - 0.030 0.043 0.068 0.096 0.136 0.215 0.304

250 - 0.027 0.039 0.061 0.086 0.122 0.193 0.272

300 - 0.025 0.035 0.056 0.079 0.111 0.176 0.249

350 - 0.023 0.033 0.051 0.073 0.103 0.163 0.230

400 - 0.022 0.030 0.048 0.068 0.096 0.152 0.215

450 - 0.020 0.029 0.045 0.064 0.091 0.144 0.203

500 - - 0.027 0.043 0.061 0.086 0.136 0.193

550 - - 0.028 0.041 0.058 0.082 0.130 0.184

600 - - 0.025 0.039 0.056 0.079 0.124 0.176

650 - - 0.024 0.038 0.053 0.076 0.119 0.169

700 - - 0.023 0.036 0.051 0.073 0.115 0.163

750 - - 0.022 0.035 0.050 0.070 0.111 0.157

800 - - 0.022 0.034 0.048 0.068 0.108 0.152

850 - - 0.021 0.033 0.047 0.066 0.104 0.148

The relationship between Vickers hardness and the length of the indentation diagonal.

HV=

0.1891xF

d2V

(A.1)

In the formula.

F --- test force, the unit is cattle (N);

dV --- Indentation diagonal length in millimeters (mm).

Table A.2 Length of the diagonal of the indentation estimated from the hardness value and the test force in the Knoop hardness test

Knoop hardness

Test force, F/N

0.0980 0.196 0.490 0.980 1.96 2.94 4.90 9.80

Hardness symbol

HK0.01 HK0.02 HK0.05 HK0.1 HK0.2 HK0.3 HK0.5 HK1

Long diagonal length, dKLa/mm

50 0.053 0.075 0.119 0.168 - - - -

100 0.038 0.053 0.084 0.119 0.169 - - -

150 0.031 0.043 0.069 0.097 0.138 0.169 - -

200 0.027 0.038 0.060 0.084 0.119 0.146 0.189 -

250 0.024 0.034 0.053 0.075 0.107 0.131 0.169 -

300 0.022 0.031 0.049 0.069 0.097 0.119 0.154 -

350 0.020 0.028 0.045 0.064 0.090 0.110 0.142 -

400 - 0.027 0.042 0.060 0.084 0.103 0.133 0.189

450 - 0.025 0.040 0.056 0.079 0.097 0.126 0.178

500 - 0.024 0.038 0.053 0.075 0.092 0.119 0.169

550 - 0.023 0.036 0.051 0.072 0.088 0.114 0.161

600 - 0.022 0.034 0.049 0.069 0.084 0.109 0.154

650 - 0.021 0.033 0.047 0.066 0.081 0.105 0.148

700 - 0.020 0.032 0.045 0.064 0.078 0.101 0.143

750 - - 0.031 0.043 0.062 0.075 0.097 0.138

800 - - 0.030 0.042 0.060 0.073 0.094 0.133

850 - - 0.029 0.041 0.058 0.071 0.091 0.129

a Short diagonal length dKS is about 1/7 shorter than long diagonal dKL.

The relationship between Knoop hardness and the length of the indentation diagonal.

HK=

1.451xF

d2KL

(A.2)

In the formula.

F --- test force, the unit is cattle (N);

dKL---Indentation length diagonal length.

Appendix B

(informative appendix)

Welding joint point test (E type test) hardness test report example

Point test (E type test) hardness test. [Marking Vickers/Knoop test and hardness symbol (eg HV0.01 or HK0.3)]

Test machine model.

Test temperature.

Base material.

Material thickness.

Laser or electron beam type.

Welding type.

Welding process parameters.

Welding materials.

Post-weld heat treatment and/or aging treatment.

Test date.

Signature of the tester.

Sample identification.

Remarks.

Photos or schematics with test areas and indentation locations

Test area indentation position single hardness value * average hardness

1 welded metal, top

2 welded metal, bottom

3 heat affected zone, welded top

4 heat affected zone, welded bottom

5 heat affected zone, welded top

6 heat affected zone, welded bottom

7 base metal

8 base metal

* The test force shall be indicated in accordance with GB/T 4340.1 or GB/T 18449.1.

Appendix C

(informative appendix)

Welding joint line test (R type test) hardness test report example

Line test (R type test) hardness test. [Marking Vickers/Knoop test and hardness symbol (eg HV0.01 or HK0.3)]

Test machine model.

Test temperature.

Base material.

Material thickness.

Laser or electron beam type.

Welding type.

Welding process parameters.

Welding materials.

Post-weld heat treatment and/or aging treatment.

Test date.

Signature of the tester.

Sample identification.

Remarks.

Give a photo or schematic of the size and indentation line

hardness*

Weld center

Distance from the center of the weld (mm)

* Test force shall be indicated in accordance with GB/T 4340.1 or GB/T 18449.1.

references

[1] GB/T 2654 welded joint hardness test method

[2] GB/T 27552 Metal material weld destructive test Microhardness test of welded joints

[3] ISO 14271 Vickershardnesstestingofresistancespot, projectionandseamwelds(low

Loadandmicrohardness)

......
This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — all pages — is available in the English PDF.

Referenced standards

Normative references

GB/T 4340.1 · GB/T 4340.1-2009 · ISO 6507 · GB/T 4340.2 · GB/T 4340.2-2012 · GB/T 4340.3 · GB/T 4340.3-2012 · GB/T 18449.1 · GB/T 18449.1-2009 · ISO 4545 · GB/T 18449.2 · GB/T 18449.3 · GB/T 18449.3-2012 · GB/T 26956 · GB/T 26956-2011

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