GB/T 32620.1-2016Lead-acid batteries used for electric road vehicles -- Part 1: Technical condition (English PDF)

3.1 Terms and definitions

3.1.1

Lead-acid battery for vented electric road vehicles ventedlead-acidbatteriesforelectricroadvehicles the battery cover has one or more exhaust devices capable of precipitating gaseous products, acid mist filtered non-inline structure, internal and external pressure Inconsistent lead-acid batteries for electric road vehicles (referred to as. exhaust batteries).

3.1.2

Valve-controlled electric road vehicles with lead-acid batteries VRLAbatteriesforelectricroadvehicles A lead-acid battery for an electric road vehicle with an exhaust valve allows gas to escape when the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined value (abbreviation. valve-controlled Battery).

Note. This battery or battery pack cannot normally add water or electrolyte.

3.1.3

Peak power the maximum power at which the terminal voltage of the battery drops to 2/3 of the open circuit value.

3.1.4

Standard ambient temperature ambientreferencetemperature the test was controlled at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C ± 2 ° C.

3.1.5

Dynamic discharge dynamicdischargeperformance Simplified acceleration, large current, constant current, small current and zero current when standing, and pulse mode, large current charge when braking Electric (or supplemental) to simulate the performance test method under vehicle use conditions.

3.1.6

Dynamic endurance test the battery simulates the dynamic discharge of the vehicle and calculates the cumulative cycle that can be maintained when the actual capacity (Cda or Cdar) drops to 80% of the rated capacity.

The durability test was carried out in number.

3.1.7

Battery system

Distributed in different devices of the vehicle, including electrical circuits and electronic circuits such as control devices or contactors of single cells or battery packs system.

3.2 Abbreviations

Hr --- hour rate (hourrate) BMS---battery management system (batterymanagementsystem) SOC---state of charge (stateofcharge) DST---dynamic stress test (dynamicstresstest) DOD---depth of discharge (depthofdischarge)

3.3 Code

Cn ---3hr or 5hr rated capacity (n=3~5), the unit is Anshi (Ah);

Ca ---3hr or 5hr actual capacity (a=3~5), the unit is Anshi (Ah);

Cda---without 3 hr or 5 hr dynamic capacity (a=3~5), the unit is ampere (Ah);

Cdar---3hr or 5hr dynamic capacity (a=3~5) with supplementary electricity, the unit is Anshi (Ah);

In ---3hr or 5hr discharge current, the value is Cn/3 or Cn/5, the unit is ampere (A);

Ida --- does not contain supplementary electric discharge current, the unit is ampere (A);

Idar---containing supplementary electric discharge current in ampere (A);

R --- battery capacity retention rate, the unit is %;

Uf --- discharge termination voltage, 3hr value is 1.75V/monomer; 5hr value is 1.68V/monomer, the unit is volt (V);

U --- Battery nominal voltage in volts (V).

3.4 Classification

Class A---Lead-acid batteries for electric road vehicles with a capacity of 3 hr;

Class B---In addition to the Class A, a lead-acid battery for a vented electric road vehicle of 5 hr capacity is used in part.

4.1 Battery appearance, name, model, size, terminal polarity and quality

The appearance, name, model, size, terminal polarity and quality of the battery shall meet the following requirements.

--- The appearance of the battery shall not be deformed and cracked, scratched and cleaned without acid, and the mark shall be clear;

---Battery name, model, size, terminal polarity and quality should meet the requirements of GB/T 32620.2-2016.

4.2 Capacity

4.2.1 Rated capacity

When the battery is tested according to the 5.3 procedure, the actual capacity Ca, in the first capacity test, the vented battery should not be lower than 0.90Cn; the valve the controlled battery should be no less than 0.95Cn; the 10th discharge capacity or the previous discharge capacity should reach the rated Cn.

4.2.2 Capacity at different temperatures

The battery shall be tested according to 5.4, and the discharge capacity at different temperatures shall be.

----20 ° C ± 1 ° C capacity is not less than 0.70 Cn;

---0 ° C ± 1 ° C capacity is not less than 0.90 Cn;

---45 ° C ± 1 ° C capacity is not less than 1.05Cn.

4.3 Charge retention

The battery shall be tested according to 5.5 and the capacity retention rate R shall not be less than 85%.

4.4 Cycle durability

The battery shall be tested according to 5.6 and the number of cycles shall not be less than 400 times.

4.5 Dynamic durability

Battery test, the number of cycles should not be lower than.

---The test cycle does not contain supplementary electricity. The battery is tested according to 5.7.1, and the cycle is when the discharge capacity is 80 a of the initial capacity of the battery.

The number of valve-controlled batteries should be no less than.200 times; the vented battery should be no less than 250 times.

--- Test cycle with supplementary electricity, the battery is tested according to 5.7.2, until the discharge capacity is 80 ar of the initial capacity of the battery, the number of rings, the valve-controlled battery should be no less than.200 times; the vented battery should be no less than 250 times.

4.6 Fast charging capability

The battery shall be tested according to 5.8 and the discharge capacity shall not be lower than 0.8Ca.

4.7 Security

4.7.1 Overcharge

The valve-controlled battery shall be tested according to 5.9.1, and there shall be no leakage or other abnormal phenomena.

4.7.2 Flame retardancy of materials

When the valve-controlled battery tank and cover are tested in accordance with 5.9.2, it shall comply with the HB level (horizontal level) of 8.4 of GB/T 2408-2008 and 9.4.

V-0 (vertical level) requirements.

Note. Other flame retardant levels may also be specified by both the supplier and the buyer.

4.8 Peak power

The battery shall be tested according to 5.10, and the peak power Pmax of the battery shall not be less than 5 × U × Cn (W).

4.9 Water loss

When the battery is tested according to 5.11, the battery mass loss shall not exceed 2.5g/Ah according to the rated capacity Cn.

4.10 Vibration resistance

The battery shall be tested according to 5.12, the terminal voltage shall not be lower than the rated voltage, and the appearance shall not be abnormal such as leakage or deformation.

4.11 Cadmium

When the battery is tested according to 5.13, the average content of cadmium in the battery shall not exceed 0.002% of the total mass.

4.12 Simulation test of battery system performance

The driving simulation test of battery system performance shall comply with the requirements of Appendix A.

Note. Used by battery manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers.

5.1 Test conditions

5.1.1 Test equipment

The current conversion speed of the dynamic test equipment (the time difference between two stable currents) from one steady state to another the interval should be less than or equal to 1 s.

5.1.2 Environmental conditions

Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be at a temperature of 15 ° C to 35 ° C, a relative humidity of 25% to 85%, and an atmospheric pressure of 86 kPa to 106 kPa.

In the context of the environment.

5.1.3 Electrical measurements

5.1.3.1 Instrument range

The range of the meter used should be determined by the magnitude of the current and voltage being measured, ie the reading should be within the last third of the range.

---Voltage measurement the meter for measuring voltage shall have a voltmeter with an accuracy of not less than 0.5, and the internal resistance of the voltmeter shall be at least 1 kohm/V.

--- Current measurement the meter for measuring current should have an ammeter with an accuracy of not less than 0.5.

Note. The above voltage and current can also be measured with other measuring instruments with the same accuracy.

5.1.4 Electrolyte density measurement

The density meter for measuring the density of the electrolyte should have an appropriate range, the division value should not exceed 0.005 g/cm3, and the calibration accuracy of the density meter is Less should be 0.005g/cm3.

5.1.5 Temperature measurement

The thermometer for measuring temperature should have an appropriate range, the division value should not be greater than 1 °C, and the calibration accuracy of the thermometer should not be lower than 2 ° C.

5.1.6 Time measurement

The meter used for measuring time shall be indexed in hours, minutes and seconds and shall have an accuracy of at least ±1%.

5.1.7 Dimensional measurement

Measuring tools for measuring the external dimensions of the battery should have an accuracy of more than 1 mm.

5.1.8 Quality Weighing

Weighing instruments that weigh battery quality should have an accuracy of ±0.1% or more.

5.1.9 Pretreatment before the test

5.1.9.1 Battery sample

When the battery sample is not specified, the test shall be carried out within 60 days after the battery is shipped. All batteries must be tested before the test.

Fully charged.

5.1.9.2 Fully charged battery

The battery should be charged as follows.

a) Constant current charging (for vented batteries) the battery is charged at a temperature of 25 ° C ± 5 ° C, with a current of 0.75 In (A) to the average voltage of the single battery is 2.4V ± 0.1V After that, continue to charge with 0.25In (A) current, the battery cell voltage change is not more than 0.01V/h for 3 hours at the end of charging, or electricity when the solution density meets the manufacturer's specifications, the battery is considered to be fully charged.

b) Constant voltage charging (for VRLA) in the environment where the temperature is 25 °C ± 5 °C, the current of 0.5In (A), the average voltage of the single battery is 2.45V ± 0.01V the constant voltage is continuously charged for 12h~18h, and the battery is considered to be fully charged.

c) Fully charge as supplied by the manufacturer.

5.2 Battery appearance, name, model, size, terminal polarity and quality inspection

5.2.1 Appearance, name and model inspection

Visually check the appearance, name, and model of the battery.

5.2.2 Dimensional inspection

The battery size was measured with a gauge having an accuracy of 1 mm or more.

5.2.3 Terminal polarity test

Check the polarity of the battery terminals with a voltmeter or reverse polarity meter that meets the accuracy.

5.2.4 Quality inspection

Wipe the surface of the battery and weigh the battery with an instrument that meets the accuracy.

5.3 Rated capacity test

5.3.1 After the battery is fully charged, it is allowed to stand for 1h~4h in the standard ambient temperature, and the battery is continuously discharged to the monomer storage with In(A) current.

Terminates when the average battery voltage reaches Uf(V).

5.3.2 Measure and record the ambient temperature battery and terminal voltage at the beginning of discharge, and record every 30 minutes during discharge, at the end of discharge the measurement was performed once every 5 minutes, and the time T of the discharge was recorded when the discharge was terminated.

5.3.3 Calculate the actual capacity Ca of the battery according to equation (1).

1 lambda(t-25)

In the formula.

Ca---the actual capacity, the unit is Anshi (Ah);

I --- discharge current in amps (A);

T --- discharge duration in hours (h);

t --- The average temperature of the battery during discharge, in degrees Celsius (°C);

lambda --- temperature coefficient, 3hr value is 0.0065; 5hr value is 0.006, the unit is per degree Celsius (°C-1).

5.3.4 After the discharge is completed, the battery is fully charged in accordance with 5.1.9.2.

5.4 Capacity test at different temperatures

5.4.1 After the battery is fully charged, it is allowed to stand at other temperatures for 18h~24h, and the battery is continuously discharged to the unit storage battery with In(A) current.

Terminates when the average cell voltage reaches Uf(V).

5.4.2 After the discharge is completed, the battery should be placed at room temperature for 8h~24h, and fully charged according to 5.1.9.2.

5.5 Charge retention test

After the battery tested by 5.3 and meeting the requirements of 4.2.1 is fully charged, wipe the surface and open the circuit at a temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C.

Allow to stand for 30 days, then carry out the capacity test according to 5.3.

Calculate the capacity retention rate R according to equation (2).

R=Cr/Ca×100% (2)

In the formula.

R --- capacity retention rate, expressed as a percentage (%);

Ca---the actual capacity obtained by the 5.3 test before the capacity retention rate test, the unit is Anshi (Ah);

Cr---The actual discharge capacity value obtained after standing, in Ampere (Ah).

5.6 Cycle durability test

5.6.1 After the battery tested in accordance with 5.3 and meeting the requirements of 4.2.1 is fully charged, the following experiment shall be carried out in an environment of temperature 25 °C ± 5 °C.

a) Valve-controlled battery. discharge at a current of 1.5In (A) for 1.6h, then constant current of 2.45V ± 0.01V per cell, current limit 1.5In (A) Charging for 4h, (or charging according to the charging method provided by the manufacturer);

b) Exhaust battery. discharge at a current of 2.0In (A) for 1.6h, then constant current of 2.55V ± 0.01V per cell, current limit 2.5In (A) Charging for 4h, (or charging according to the charging method provided by the manufacturer).

c) The above is the number of one charge cycle.

5.6.2 After the battery has been continuously subjected to 49 charging cycles, the capacity is discharged according to 4.2.1 for the 50th time.

5.6.3 After the battery is fully charged, continue to charge and discharge according to 5.6.1, and perform capacity every cycle to the n×50 (n=1, 2, 3) times.

Discharge test, when the discharge capacity is lower than 0.80Cn, perform capacity verification again according to 4.2.1. If the verification capacity value is not lower than 0.80Cn, then Continue to the next discharge cycle; if the verification capacity is less than 0.80Cn, the discharge cycle is terminated, and the 50 cycles are not counted in the cycle number within.

Note. The capacity verification test is included in the number of cycles.

5.7 Dynamic durability test

5.7.1 Dynamic discharge method

5.7.1.1 Does not contain supplementary electric dynamic discharge method

The battery tested in accordance with 5.3 and meeting the requirements of 4.2.1 is fully charged and discharged in the following manner.

a) Perform a period of 60s microcycle dynamics with the current values in Table 3 and the steps, states, times, and single protection voltages in Table 1.

Discharge

b) continuously repeat the discharge of Figure 1 until the battery termination voltage Uf (V);

c) record the number of cycles and cumulative capacity of the entire discharge process;

d) Calculate the released capacity Cda.

Note. The last microcycle is not counted in the statistics of the number of loops.

Table 1 does not contain supplementary electric dynamic discharge steps

Step current/A state time/s single protection voltage/V

1 Idh discharge 10 1.50

2 Idl discharge 20 1.70 3 0 Rest 30 -

Figure 1 does not contain supplementary electric dynamic discharge mode

5.7.1.2 Dynamic electric discharge method with supplementary electric power

The battery tested in accordance with 5.3 and meeting the requirements of 4.2.1 is fully charged and discharged in the following manner.

a) dynamic discharge with a period of 60s microcycle with the current of Table 3 and the steps, state, time and monomer protection voltage in Table 2;

b) repeat the discharge of Figure 2 until the battery termination voltage Uf (V);

c) record the number of cycles and cumulative capacity of the entire discharge process;

d) Calculate the capacity Cdar (the capacity of the supplementary charge should be subtracted from the total discharge capacity).

Note 1. The last microcycle is not counted in the statistics of the number of loops.

Note 2. The Irc pulse voltage cell must not be greater than 2.60V, and the manufacturer can also specify the Irc maximum limit voltage.

Table 2 contains supplementary electric dynamic discharge steps

Step current/A state time/s single protection voltage/V

1 Idh discharge 10 1.50

2 Idl discharge 20 1.70

3 Irc charging 5 -

4 0 Rest 25 -