GB/T 24610.4-2019Rolling bearings -- Measuring methods for vibration -- Part 4: Radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside surface (English PDF)

4.1 Rotation frequency

For bearings with an outer diameter not greater than 100mm, the setting value of the rotation frequency is 1800min-1 (30s-1); the outer diameter is greater than 100mm ~

For a.200mm bearing, the set value of the rotation frequency is 900min-1 (15s-1), and the deviation is 1-2% of the nominal rotation frequency.

After negotiation between the manufacturer and the user, other rotation frequencies and deviations can also be used. For smaller bearings, for example,

Higher rotation frequency in order to obtain a proper vibration signal. Conversely, for bearings with larger dimensions, a lower rotation frequency can be used.

To avoid possible damage to rollers and raceways.

4.2 Bearing radial and axial loads

Radial load should be applied to the bearing, and its set values are specified in Table 1.

After consultation between the manufacturer and the user, other radial loads and deviations can also be used. For example, depending on the bearing structure,

Lubricants can be used with higher loads to prevent roller and raceway slippage; or lower loads to avoid rollers, flanges

Possible damage from raceways.

For bearings capable of bearing axial load, an axial load of not more than 30N should be applied to the outer ring of the bearing to ensure stable operation.

The method of applying radial and axial loads is specified in 6.3.3.

Note. The set value of the radial load is a composite value, and the actual value depends on the load angle used (see Figure 3).

Table 1 Set values of bearing radial load

Bearing outer diameter

Single-row cylindrical roller bearingsDouble-row cylindrical roller bearings

> <=

Set value of bearing radial load

min.max.min.max.

mm NN

30 50 135 165 165 195

50 70 165 195 225 275

70 100 225 275 315 385

100 140 315 385 430 520

140 170 430 520 565 685

170.200 565 685 720 880

5.1 Measured physical quantities

The physical quantity set during the measurement is the radial root mean square vibration velocity, vrms (µm/s).

5.2 Frequency domain

The vibration speed should be analyzed in one or more frequency bands, within the set frequency range specified in Table 2.

If a specific frequency range is extremely important for the good operation of the bearing, other parameters can also be used after consultation between the manufacturer and the user.

Frequency range, see Table 3 for examples of commonly used specific frequency ranges.

The rotation frequency should be changed according to the proportional change of the filter frequency, the acceptable limit and the minimum measurement time. See Table 3 for an example.

Narrow-band spectral analysis of vibration signals is available as a complementary option.

Table 2 Set frequency range

Rotating frequency Low frequency band (L) Mid frequency band (M) High frequency band (H)

Nominal min.max.

Nominal frequency band

flow fupp flow fupp flow fupp

min-1 Hz Hz Hz

900 882 909 25 150 150 900 900 5000

1800 1764 1818 50 300 300 1800 1800 10000

Table 3 Example of frequency range without set rotation frequency

Rotating frequency Low frequency band (L) Middle frequency band (M) a High frequency band (H) a

Nominal min.max.

Nominal frequency band

flow fupp flow fupp flow fupp

min-1 Hz Hz Hz

3600 3528 3636 100 600 600 3600 3600.20000

700a 686 707 20 120 120 700 700 4000

a When the rotation frequency is 700min-1, the cut-off frequency is rounded (the relationship between the rotation frequency and the rotation frequency is not strictly followed).

5.3 Measurement of pulses and sharp pulses

Surface defects and/or contamination in the tested bearings often cause pulses or sharp pulses of the time domain velocity signal.

Detection of sharp pulses is a complementary option. Different assessment methods can be used.

5.4 Test

Single-row and double-row cylindrical roller bearings should be tested with a radial load in the radial direction of the stationary ring (vertical to the axis of the inner ring),

An axial load should be applied to ensure stable bearing operation. If an axial load is used, an axial load shall be applied from one side of the stationary ferrule.

When testing double-row cylindrical roller bearings, if the structure permits, the axial load should be applied to the other side of the stationary ring to repeat the test.

When there are two inner or outer rings, they should be clamped to ensure repeatability.

When used for diagnostic analysis, multi-point measurements should be made at different angular positions of the bearing stationary ferrule relative to the sensor.

For acceptable bearings, the maximum vibration indication of the corresponding frequency band should be within the limit value negotiated by the manufacturer and the user.

The test duration is as specified in 6.5 of ISO 15242-1..2015.

6.1 Bearing measurement conditions

6.1.1 Pre-lubricated bearings

Pre-lubricated (grease-lubricated, oil-lubricated or solid-lubricated) bearings, including sealed bearings and dust-proof bearings, should be tested under delivery.

6.1.2 Non-prelubricated bearings

Because pollutants affect vibration levels, bearings should be cleaned effectively, taking care not to introduce pollutants or other sources of vibration.

Note. Some rust inhibitors can meet the lubrication requirements of vibration test. It is not necessary to remove the rust inhibitor at this time.

Non-prelubricated bearings should use kinematic viscosity between 10mm2/s ~ 100mm2/s and be finely filtered according to bearing type and size

Lubricating oil.

During the lubrication process, a trial operation should be performed to make the lubricant in the bearing evenly distributed.

6.2 Test environmental conditions

Bearings should be tested in an environment that does not affect vibration.

6.3 Test device conditions

6.3.1 Stiffness of spindle/mandrel

The structure used to support and drive the main shaft (including the mandrel) of the bearing can not only transmit rotary motion, but also serve as rigidity of the rotation axis.

Sexual frame of reference. In the frequency band used, the transmission of vibration between the spindle/mandrel and the bearing can be ignored compared to the measured vibration speed.

Negligible.

6.3.2 Loading mechanism

The structure of the loading mechanism used to apply a load to the bearing's measured ferrule should make the ferrule in all directions-radial, axial, angular or flex

The vibration of the curved type (depending on the bearing type) is essentially free, and can guarantee the normal operation of the bearing.

6.3.3 Bearing load and alignment accuracy

The constant applied radial load applied to the bearing's stationary ring and the recommended axial load are specified in 4.2.

The deformation of the bearing ring due to the contact of various mechanical parts is negligible compared with the geometric accuracy of the tested bearing itself.

The position of the applied radial load should be applied to the middle of the outer ring width, and the direction coincides with the center line perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the main shaft.

The deviation of the direction should be within the range specified in Figure 1 and Table 4.The measurement method is as specified in Appendix A.

The position and direction of the applied axial load coincides with the axis of rotation of the main shaft, and the deviation should be within the range specified in Figure 2 and Table 5.measuring

The method is as specified in Appendix B.

a In any direction.

Figure 1 Deviation of the loading direction and axial position of radial load

Table 4 Deviation values of radial load loading direction and axial position

Bearing outer ring width

> <=

Axial deviation from the middle of the outer ring width of the bearing

H2

max.

Angle deviation of the center line perpendicular to the main axis

beta2

max.

mm mm (°)

10 20 0.3

20 40 0.5

40 70 1.0

a Axis with applied axial load.

b Rotation axis of bearing inner ring.

c Radial and angular deviations of the axial load axis from the rotation axis of the bearing inner ring (see Table 5).

Figure 2 Deviation of the axial load axis from the rotation axis of the bearing inner ring

Table 5 Deviation of the axial load axis and the rotation axis of the bearing inner ring

Bearing outer diameter

> <=

Radial deviation from the rotation axis of the bearing inner ring

max.

Angle deviation from the rotation axis of the bearing inner ring

max.

mm mm (°)

30 50 0.4

50 70 0.6

70 100 0.8

100 140 1.6

140 170 2.0

170.200 2.5

0.5

6.3.4 Sensor position and measurement direction

The positioning of the sensors is as follows.

Set axial position. on the outer surface of the stationary ferrule and on the plane corresponding to the middle of the contact between the loaded stationary ferrule raceway and the roller (for

For the stationary outer ring, see Figure 3). The manufacturer shall provide this data.

Another axial position. on the outer surface of the stationary ferrule and on a plane corresponding to the middle of the stationary ferrule (for a stationary outer ring, see Figure 4).

Set angular position. on the outer surface of the stationary ferrule and on a plane corresponding to the direction of the resultant radial load (for a stationary outer ring,

(See Figure 3).

The radial load loading method shall ensure that the radial load is synthesized to meet the radial load specified in Table 1.

Explanation.

a --- sensor position and direction;

b --- radial load applied;

c --- direction of axial load (if any);

d --- the resultant force of the applied radial load (see Table 1).

Note. For other types of flange structure, the test can be carried out according to the method agreed between the manufacturer and the user.

Figure 3 Vibration measurement --- the position set by the sensor

Explanation.

a --- sensor position and direction;

b --- radial load applied;

c --- direction of axial load (if any).

Figure 4 Vibration measurement --- the location of another sensor measurement point

After the position of the sensor is determined, the maximum allowable axial and angular position deviations are as follows.

Axial position.

--- When outer diameter D<=70mm. +/- 0.5mm.

--- When outer diameter D > 70mm. +/- 1.0mm.

Corner position.

--- All outer diameters. +/- 5 °.

Direction. perpendicular to the axis of rotation (see Figure 5). The deviation from the radial centerline in any direction should not exceed 5 °.

a In any direction.

Figure 5 Deviation from radial centerline

6.3.5 Mandrel

The outer diameter tolerance of the cylindrical surface of the mandrel used to install the bearing inner ring shall meet the requirements of class f5 in ISO 286-2

The geometric error ensures that the mandrel is inserted into the bearing bore with a slip fit.

The radial and axial runout should be controlled so as not to affect the test. Runout shall be performed using the device given in Appendix C of ISO 15242-1..2015.

Line measurement.

Appendix A

(Normative appendix)

Measurement of centering accuracy with applied radial load

The alignment accuracy of the radial loading mechanism is measured using a dial indicator.The dial indicator can be moved a certain radial distance.The dial indicator is installed.

On a precision bracket connected to the spindle and perpendicular to the spindle axis (see Figure A.1). The dial indicator is adjusted to zero in the first position.

In order to be able to compare with the limit deviation value specified in Table 4, the indication deviation measured by the dial indicator should be recalculated into an angle. measuring

This should be done in two positions on the loading mechanism.

Explanation.