GB/T 17693.22-2026Guidelines for the transformation of geographical names from foreign languages into Chinese - Part 22: Polish (English PDF)

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part

1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents". Drafting. This document is Part 22 of GB/T 17693, "Guidelines for the Translation of Foreign Place Names into Chinese Characters". GB/T 17693 has already published the following parts. --Part

1 Scope

GB/T 17693.22-2026 is the Chinese national standard covering rendering Polish place names into Chinese characters - the phoneme-to-character tables, the treatment of the consonant clusters and the nasal vowels that make Polish orthography difficult, and the exceptions kept for names already established. Part 22 of the series, first edition, in force since 1 May 2026, published with Part 21 on Hungarian. It was issued on 28 January 2026 and has been in force since 1 May 2026, as a first edition. The document is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. This page is published from the official record of the 2026 edition; the clause text of a standard this recent is not yet in circulation, and the figures, limits and tables it contains are those of the document itself, delivered in full with the English translation.

This document establishes the general principles and detailed rules for the Chinese translation of Polish place names, and stipulates the translation requirements for commonly used generic terms and vocabulary of Polish place names. This document applies to the translation of Polish place names into Chinese characters.

2 Normative references

This document has no normative references.

3 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

3.1 geographical names The unique name assigned to each geographic entity. [Source: GB/T 38210-2019, 2.1]

3.2 specific term of geographical names Proper noun Words used in place names to distinguish different geographical entities. [Source: GB/T 38210-2019, 2.2]

3.3 generic term of geographical names generic term Words used in place names to distinguish categories of geographical entities. [Source: GB/T 38210-2019, 2.3]

4 General Principles

4.1 Place names and proper nouns should be transliterated.

4.2 Common place names should be translated semantically. Common place names and vocabulary in Polish should be translated according to the translation methods required in Appendix A.

4.3 Commonly used Chinese transliterations of place names will continue to be used, and place names derived from them will be translated the same way. For the transliteration of common personal names in Polish place names, see Appendix B.

4.4 Place names should be translated using the latest official Polish maps, place name catalogs, place name dictionaries, and place name gazetteers.

4.5 The Chinese characters used to translate Polish place names are shown in Table 1.

20 Finnish; --Part

21.Hungarian; --Part

22.Polish. Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Place Names (SAC/TC 233). This document was drafted by: Institute of Place Names, Ministry of Civil Affairs; Beijing Foreign Studies University; Unit 61363; Nautical Chart Information Center; and Reference News Agency. China Map Publishing Group Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this document are. Che Wei, Zhao Qi, Li Yinan, Ji Yuan, Tian Shuo, Gao Yu, Zhang Mingjun, Chen Xin, He Jin'e, and Li Hong.

Place names are proper nouns given to various geographical entities and are closely related to people's social activities. The Chinese translation of foreign place names uses Chinese characters. Writing place names in other countries and regions. With the increasing frequency of exchanges with other countries during China's development, the use of foreign language place names in our country... The use of standardized Chinese character translations of foreign place names is becoming increasingly widespread, meeting the urgent needs of various fields such as diplomacy, military, news, and education, and promoting our... It is of great significance to China's science and technology, economic development, and international exchanges. The world's languages and scripts are complex and diverse. According to UN statistics, among the more than.200 countries and regions worldwide, the main languages use the Roman alphabet. There are over 100 countries with their own native script (including multilingual countries), and some countries do not use the Roman alphabet but instead use the Cyrillic alphabet or Arabic script. The alphabets include the mother tongue, Devanagari script, and Greek letters. Due to the diverse writing systems of foreign languages, place names written in the corresponding scripts of these languages are also complex. Similarly, when translating place names written in different languages, it is necessary not only to follow common basic principles, but also to consider the specific characteristics of each language. The characteristics of place names vary from language to language, leading to complexities in translating foreign place names into Chinese. GB/T 17693, "Guidelines for the Translation of Foreign Place Names into Chinese Characters," aims to establish standards applicable to the translation of foreign place names into Chinese characters. It was first published in.1999. This is the first release. GB/T 17693 is classified according to language, dividing the standard into multiple parts, which reflects the consistency of Chinese character translation of foreign place names. This approach also highlights the differences in the translation of place names across different languages, reducing the overall complexity of place name translation and providing better guidance for foreign language place name translation in various fields. Chinese character translation. Therefore, based on the specific circumstances of each language, each language is treated as a part of GB/T 17693, and each part, in addition to specifying the basic... In addition to principles, detailed rules for transcribing place names in these languages are also provided, with a focus on the transcribing of proper nouns and generic nouns. It clarifies the transliteration methods for certain special pronunciations in place names, and some parts also specify the Romanization methods for non-Roman alphabet characters. The implementation of translation rules provides a basis for the translation of foreign place names into Chinese characters, thereby better promoting the standardization and normalization of the translation of foreign place names into Chinese characters. Systematization. GB/T 17693 is proposed to consist of the following 22 parts. --Part

1.English. The purpose is to standardize and unify the Chinese translations of English place names and promote the standardization of the Chinese transliteration of English place names. --Part

2.French. The aim is to standardize and unify the Chinese translations of French place names and promote the standardization of the Chinese transliteration of French place names. --Part

3.German. The purpose is to standardize and unify the Chinese translations of German place names and promote the standardization of the Chinese transliteration of German place names. --Part

4.Russian. The purpose is to standardize and unify the Chinese translation of Russian place names and promote the standardization of Russian place name translations into Chinese. --Part

5.Spanish. The aim is to standardize and unify the Chinese character translations of Spanish place names, and to promote the translation of Spanish place names into Chinese. Write standardization. --Part

6.Arabic. The aim is to standardize and unify the Chinese character translations of Arabic place names, and to promote the translation of Arabic place names into Chinese. Write standardization. --Part

7.Portuguese. The aim is to standardize and unify the Chinese character translations of Portuguese place names, and to promote the translation of Portuguese place names into Chinese. Write standardization. --Part

8.Mongolian Language. The aim is to standardize and unify the Chinese character translations of Mongolian place names, and to promote the standardization of Mongolian place name translations into Chinese. Standardization. --Part

9.Persian. The aim is to standardize and unify the Chinese character translations of Persian place names, and to promote the standardization of the Chinese character transliteration of Persian place names. Standardization. --Part

10.Japanese. The purpose is to standardize and unify the kanji translations of Japanese place names and promote the standardization of kanji translations of Japanese place names. --Part

11.Korean. The aim is to standardize and unify the Chinese character translations of Korean place names, and to promote the standardization of the Chinese character translation of Korean place names. Standardization. --Part