GB 9953-1999Immersion suits (English PDF)

4.1 Appearance and Accessories

4.1.1 Immersed thermal clothing should cover the entire body except the face, and the hood should fit snugly against the face, secured by permanently attached gloves.

Cover your hands.

4.1.2 Water-immersed thermal clothing should be equipped with devices to restrict or reduce free air inside the trouser legs.

4.1.3 The surface color of the water-soaked thermal clothing should be orange-red or a clearly visible color.

4.1.4 Water-resistant thermal clothing should be available in different sizes and should be suitable for people with a height of at least 1.40m to 1.95m.

4.1.5 After 96 hours of salt spray (NSS) testing, the exposed metal parts of the submerged thermal suit should not show any corrosion and should still meet the requirements.

Usage requirements.

4.1.6 Immersive thermal suits should be equipped with a throwable buoy or other device so that they can be attached to another person wearing immersive thermal suits in the water.

Put it on.

4.1.7 Water-resistant thermal suits should be equipped with appropriate devices to allow rescuers to lift the wearer out of the water and into a lifeboat or rescue boat.

4.1.8 Immersive thermal suits should be equipped with a life jacket light and a whistle. The life jacket light should be positioned so that as much of its upper hemisphere as possible is visible.

The whistle should be positioned so that it can be picked up and used by both the left and right hands.

4.1.9 Immersible thermal suits should have reflective material with a total area of at least 400 cm² to facilitate search and rescue from all directions by air and surface vessels.

The material and placement of reflective materials should meet the requirements of IMO MSC.481(102).

4.2 Clothing

4.2.1 After the demonstration, each subject should be able to complete the donning process within 2 minutes at a temperature of (20±2)°C without assistance.

4.2.2 At (-30±2)°C, the donning process should be completed within 5 minutes.

4.3 Ergonomics

After donning the water-soaked thermal suit, the test subject should be able to climb up and down a straight ladder at least 5 meters long, and be able to walk, bend over, and move freely.

It can move its arms and perform normal tasks when abandoning ship, and can pick up a pencil with a diameter of 8mm to 10mm and write on it.

4.4 Field of View

When the subject is wearing a water-soaked thermal suit and sitting in a seat, their lateral field of vision should be no less than 120° while keeping their head in the same direction.

4.5 Floating performance

A water-resistant thermal suit can use an auxiliary buoyancy device (such as an artificial air chamber placed behind the wearer's head) to keep the mouth above the water surface for at least [time missing].

The opening should be 120mm high and remain stable, provided that the height of the opening above the water surface is at least 50mm without any auxiliary buoyancy device.

4.6 Correction performance

Subjects wearing water-soaked thermal suits should be able to change from a face-down to a face-up position within 5 seconds in water.

4.7 Water intake and diving

4.7.1 After the subject jumps into the water from a height not less than his/her own height, the mass of water entering the immersion suit should not exceed 500g.

4.7.2 After the subject, wearing the immersion thermal suit, jumps vertically into the water from a height of 4.5m, the immersion thermal suit and its accessories should not be damaged in any way.

Displacement or slippage should not have resulted in injury to the subject from the water-soaked thermal suit worn during the trial.

4.8 Leakage prevention performance

Subjects wearing water-resistant thermal suits floated in still water for 1 hour or 20 minutes and swam at least.200 meters before being immersed in the water-resistant suits.

The amount of water in the thermal clothing should not exceed.200g.

4.9 Swimming and exit performance

Capable of swimming 25m while wearing a life jacket and boarding a life raft or climbing onto a rigid platform 300mm above the water.

The subjects wearing water-soaked thermal suits should also be able to perform the above actions.

4.10 Oil resistance

After sealing all the openings of the water-absorbing thermal suit, immerse it in diesel fuel at a level 100mm above the suit for 24 hours, then wipe it clean.

Remove the oil from its surface and conduct the test according to the "leakage test" regulations. The mass of water that seeps into the water-soaked thermal clothing should not exceed.200g.

4.11 Fire resistance

Water-soaked thermal clothing should be removed after being exposed to flame for 2 seconds and should not continue to burn or melt.

4.12 Temperature alternation performance

After being subjected to alternating environmental temperature tests of -30°C and 65°C, the water-immersed thermal suit should not show any damage or signs of breakage.

Images, such as shrinkage, cracking, expansion, or changes in mechanical properties.

4.13 Buoyancy

After a water-resistant thermal garment is soaked in fresh water for 24 hours, its buoyancy loss should not exceed 5% of the initial buoyancy.

4.14 Strength

After being immersed in water for 2 minutes, the lifting ring and related components of the water-resistant thermal suit should be able to withstand a force of not less than 3200N for a certain period of time.

It should not be damaged for 30 minutes; the parts other than the lifting ring should be able to withstand a force of not less than 1350N for 30 minutes without being damaged.

4.15 Thermal insulation performance

Each participant should wear a water-resistant, insulated suit that has undergone a previous diving test, and immerse themselves in still water at 0°C~2°C for 6 hours until their body temperature decreases.

It should be less than 2°C.

5.1 Subjects

The number of participants should be at least 6 and they should be physically healthy. The height, weight and gender composition of the participants should meet the requirements in Table 1.

5.2 Trial Wearing

Subjects should wear the following clothing.

a) Underwear (short-sleeved shirts, shorts);

b) Shirt (long sleeves);

c) Trousers (non-wool);

d) Wool socks.

5.3 Inspection of appearance and accessories

The inspection of appearance and accessories shall be carried out using one of the following methods.

a) Measuring instruments;

b) Visual inspection;

c) Functional testing.

5.4 Wearing Test

5.4.1 After each rehearsal, the time it took for each subject to unpack, put on, and complete the experimental clothing at an air temperature of (20±2)°C was recorded.

The time taken for the entire set of water-soaked thermal suits. During the experiment, other subjects should avoid being present; during the experiment, subjects may sit or...

Lie on the floor, but do not use a chair or any vertical support.

5.4.2 Three fully packaged immersion suits (one set for each test subject size series) should be placed in a low-temperature test chamber at (-30±2)°C.

The test chamber was used for 24 hours. The time it took for the subject to unpack and put on the water-immersed thermal suit in the low-temperature test chamber was recorded.

5.5 Ergonomic Testing

Subjects wore water-soaked thermal suits and climbed up and down a straight ladder at least 5 meters long. Their ability to walk, bend over, or use their hands was observed.

Arm movement was unrestricted. After the climb, the subject was observed to see if they could pick up a pencil with a diameter of 8mm to 10mm and write with it.

5.6 Visual Field Test

Subjects were dressed in water-soaked thermal suits, and their lateral visual field was tested while their heads remained stationary.

5.7 Floating Performance Test

Subjects wearing immersion suits were placed supine in still water, with the suits and auxiliary buoyancy devices (such as artificial air chambers) in between.

Measure the height of the mouth above the water surface while keeping the wearer's head stable (behind the head); measure the height of the mouth above the water surface when the subject is removed or the auxiliary buoyancy device is disabled.

The height of the mouth above the water surface is measured while the subject is still in the water. The mouth is usually located at the corner of the subject's mouth.

5.8 Correction performance test

Subjects wearing water-resistant insulated suits should swim forward three breaststrokes, then relax, arms and legs together, face down, and have their position recorded.

The time it takes to rotate from face down to face up.

5.9 Water Intake and Diving Test

5.9.1 After the subject, wearing a water-absorbing thermal suit, jumped into the water from a height sufficient to completely submerge the body, the water level entering the thermal suit was measured.

Mass. Before the diving test, the subject is first placed in the water wearing a water-soaked thermal suit, allowing the entire surface of the suit to absorb water. Then, the subject is weighed before diving.

Then weigh again, that is, measure before and after jumping in. The accuracy of the weighing tool should be ±100g.

5.9.2 After the subject wearing the water-immersed thermal suit jumped vertically into the water from a height of 4.5m, check whether the water-immersed thermal suit was damaged or came off.

The subjects were questioned to confirm whether they had suffered any harm from the water-soaked thermal clothing they were wearing during the experiment.

5.10 Leakage resistance test

After any of the following procedures, measure the amount of water entering the subject's immersion suit (the amount of water entering is as specified in 5.9.1).

The method involves measuring the weight of the subject and their water-soaked thermal clothing.

a) Float in calm water for up to 1 hour;

b) Swim at least.200m within 20 minutes.

5.11 Swimming and water exit performance test

Observe subjects who, while wearing life jackets, swam 25 meters and were able to board a life raft or a rigid platform 300 mm above the water surface.

Can the person successfully complete the above tasks after wearing a water-soaked thermal suit?

5.12 Oil resistance test

The oil resistance test can be performed using any of the following methods.

a) After sealing all the openings of the water-absorbing thermal suit, immerse it in diesel fuel, ensuring the diesel fuel level is 100mm above the suit, for 24 hours.

Afterwards, wipe off the oil on its surface, and then conduct the test according to the provisions of 5.9.1 to measure the water intake of the soaked thermal clothing.

b) In a room temperature environment, after sealing all the openings of the water-absorbing thermal suit, immerse it in diesel fuel with the liquid level 100mm above the suit.

(If necessary, apply counterweights to keep the water-soaked thermal suit in the appropriate submersion position), for 24 hours; then wipe off the surface of the firewood.

Oil, turn the inside of the soaked thermal suit inside out, place it in a test tank suitable for collecting and draining any leaked water, and use a...

A properly designed hanger is used to hang the garment at the neck opening; then water is poured into the soaked thermal garment up to the neck opening, with the water level above the bottom of the test tank.

300mm. The immersion suit should be kept in this position for 1 hour, and the leaked water should be collected and weighed.

c) Representative samples of the outer fabric and seams of the water-soaked thermal suit were immersed in diesel fuel at a depth 100 mm above the suit for a period of time.

After 24 hours, wipe off the oil on its surface; then subject it to a hydrostatic pressure test with a 1m pressure head and a joint strength test with 150N.

5.13 Fire resistance test

Place a 300mm×350mm×60mm test pan in a windless location, add water to a depth of 10mm in the test pan, and then...

Then add gasoline until the total liquid depth in the dish is no less than 40mm, ignite the gasoline and allow it to burn freely for 30 seconds. The bottom of the soaked thermal suit should be higher than...

The test tray, with its top edge 25cm, is held upright, forward-facing, and freely suspended through the flame, exposing it to the flame for 2 seconds. During the test, it should be...

The water-soaked thermal suit was hung on a hanger to ensure that the entire suit was surrounded by flames.

5.14 Temperature Alternation Performance Test

The water-immersed thermal suit was alternately placed in a high-temperature test environment with a minimum temperature of 65°C and a low-temperature test environment with a maximum temperature of -30°C.

Under the given conditions, the following steps constitute one high and low temperature cycling test.

a) Place the soaked thermal suit in a greenhouse and keep it in a high-temperature environment with a minimum temperature of 65°C for 8 consecutive hours; then,

b) Remove the water-soaked insulation clothing from the greenhouse and leave it exposed at room temperature (20±3)°C for 16 hours; then,

c) Place the soaked thermal suit in a cold room at a maximum temperature of -30°C for 8 consecutive hours; then,

d) Remove the water-soaked insulation suit from the cold room and leave it open at room temperature (20±3)°C for 16 hours.

After repeating the high and low temperature cycle test 10 times, check whether the appearance of the water-immersed thermal suit is normal.

5.15 Buoyancy Test

The water-resistant thermal suit was submerged just below the surface of fresh water, and the buoyancy was measured immediately upon immersion and 24 hours later. The test was conducted according to the following steps.

Proceeding in a sudden manner.

a) Place the scale directly above the water tank, hang a net basket with a weight on it in the middle of the tank, submerge it in the water, and attach it to the scale. Record the net weight.

The mass of the basket and the weight in the water (W1).

b) Place the soaked thermal suit in the mesh basket and repeat step a). After removing as much air as possible from the soaked thermal suit, note the mesh basket, weight, and soaking depth.

The mass of the thermal suit in water (W2).

c) After keeping the basket, weight, and water-soaked thermal suit submerged in water for 24 hours, record the mass of the basket, weight, and thermal suit in the water (W3).

Calculate the buoyancy loss of the water-immersed thermal underwear using formulas (1) and (2).

5.16 Strength Test

5.16.1 After immersing the water-resistant thermal suit in water for at least 2 minutes, fasten it as if it were actually worn by the person. Apply non-contact pressure to the pull tabs and related components.

Apply a force of less than 3200N for 30 minutes, then check whether the lifting ring and its components are damaged.

5.16.2 After immersing the water-resistant thermal suit in water for at least 2 minutes, clean the parts of the suit other than the lifting loops, following the actual wearing method.

Fasten the garment, apply a force of no less than 1350N, and after 30 minutes, check whether the water-soaked thermal suit is damaged.

5.17 Thermal Insulation Performance Test

5.17.1 Each subject wore a water-resistant thermal suit that had previously undergone a diving test. After immersing in still water at 0°C~2°C for 6 hours, their measurements were taken.

Core body temperature (rectal temperature) and skin temperature of the waist, hands, calves, feet (dorsum of the foot) and heels.

5.17.2 Subjects should undergo a medical examination before the trial. Each type of immersion thermal suit should be prepared by a subject conforming to the requirements of 5.1.

The test was conducted on the participants.

5.17.3 The trial should always be conducted under the supervision of a physician. During the trial, readily available emergency resuscitation equipment should be readily available.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring should be performed throughout the entire test. The test should be stopped if any of the following occurs.

a) If, after the first 0.5 hours, the subject's core body temperature decreases at a rate exceeding 1.5°C/h;

b) If the skin temperature of the hands, feet, or waist is below 10°C for more than 15 minutes;

c) When the on-site doctor deems it necessary.

5.17.4 During the trial, core body temperature (rectal temperature) and temperature of the waist, hands, calves, ...