GB 55012-2021Technical code for municipal solid waste sanitary landfill (English PDF)

2.1 Scale and layout

2.1.1 The scale of domestic waste treatment and disposal projects should be determined based on comprehensive consideration of factors such as the current generation of waste within the service scope and its forecast, the feasibility, economy and reliability of treatment and disposal technologies.

2.1.2 The processing capacity of domestic waste treatment and disposal engineering facilities and equipment should be comprehensively determined according to the amount and nature fluctuations of domestic waste, equipment downtime, backup facilities, etc., to ensure timely and effective disposal of domestic waste within the service scope.

2.1.3 Domestic garbage treatment and disposal projects should be coordinated with urban and rural functional structures to meet the needs of urban and rural construction and development, and environmental sanitation industry development. The hygienic protection distance between site selection and sensitive targets such as residential areas and water supply points for humans and animals shall be determined through environmental impact assessment, and shall not be located in the following areas.

1 drinking water source protection area, water supply vision planning area;

2 floodplains and spillways;

3 Unmined underground mining areas and karst development areas;

4 nature reserves;

5 Cultural relics and historic sites, archaeology, history and biology research and investigation areas.

2.1.4 Areas that implement classified collection of domestic waste should implement classified transportation and classified treatment.

2.2 Construction requirements

2.2.1 The domestic waste treatment and disposal project should have the following functions.

1 Weighing and measuring facilities shall be set at the entrance; the measuring facilities shall have the functions of measuring, recording, printing, data processing, transmission and storage, and the measuring facilities shall be regularly identified;

2 The key equipment or system should be set up as backup to ensure the normal operation of the project;

3 According to the characteristics of the domestic waste treatment and disposal project, an applicable, reliable and advanced automatic control system should be configured;

4.The main production unit should be the main body of the layout, and all facilities should be reasonably arranged according to the domestic waste treatment process and functional divisions, and the overall effect should be coordinated;

5 The plane layout and space layout of the plant shall meet the requirements for the installation and maintenance of process equipment, and shall be conducive to reducing the impact of odor, dust, noise, sewage, etc. pollute;

6.The setting of roads in the factory (field) area should meet the needs of transportation and fire protection, and should be coordinated with the vertical design, greening and pipeline laying of the factory area;

7 Entrances and exits for the flow of people and goods should be set up separately to ensure safety and facilitate the entry and exit of vehicles;

8.It should have the function of responding to public health emergencies.

2.2.2 Effective measures shall be taken to prevent pollution to the soil, water environment and atmospheric environment, and to protect the surrounding environment.

2.2.3 The sewage regulating tank set up in the domestic waste treatment and disposal project shall meet the following requirements.

1 The volume of the leachate adjustment tank in the sanitary landfill of domestic waste shall not be less than the leachate treatment capacity of 3 months;

2 The volume of the leachate adjustment tank of domestic waste incineration plants, kitchen waste treatment plants and other treatment facilities should not be less than the leachate treatment capacity of 5 days;

3 The regulating pool shall be designed as 2 or divided into compartments;

4 Desilting facilities or equipment should be set up in the regulating pool.

2.2.4 The sewage treatment system of the domestic waste treatment and disposal project shall meet the following requirements.

1 Leachate treatment facilities should be equipped with receiving and storage system, pretreatment system, main treatment system, sludge and concentrated liquid treatment system, odor treatment system, etc., to ensure normal operation;

2 The leachate treatment facilities shall be equipped with measuring devices for leachate production and discharge, and the tail water discharge shall be provided with standardized outfalls in accordance with regulations;

3 The main treatment processes such as biological treatment, biological treatment advanced treatment, and physical and chemical treatment should be selected according to the influent water quality, water volume and discharge requirements of leachate;

4.The sludge generated in the leachate treatment should be dehydrated and other pretreatments, and the specific indicators should meet the requirements of the subsequent treatment process;

5 Concentrates produced by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes should be disposed of by incineration, evaporation or other methods.

2.2.5 The odor control and collection system set up in the domestic waste treatment and disposal project shall meet the following requirements.

1 Good sealing measures should be taken for workshops, structures, equipment, etc. that generate odor, and flushing water collection facilities should be set up in places that require frequent flushing;

2 Garbage unloading (receiving) facilities, unloading locations, storage tanks (pit), conveying equipment, sorting equipment, compost fermentation bins (containers), leachate adjustment tanks and open leachate Treatment facilities and other parts (conditions) should be equipped with local exhaust facilities for odor collection and control;

3.Corrosion-resistant materials should be selected for odor collection pipes, and sealing measures should be taken for the joints, and should not be located at the bottom of the pipes;

4 The fans for odor collection and control shall be set up as spares, and the exhaust fans shall have anti-corrosion performance;

5 The fan used to collect the odor that may contain combustible gas shall have explosion-proof performance.

2.2.6 The odor treatment system of the domestic waste treatment and disposal project shall meet the following requirements.

1 The odor treatment capacity of the deodorization equipment should be determined according to the maximum air volume and maximum concentration of odor pollutants in the collection system;

2 The closed domestic waste treatment and disposal project should choose an overall deodorization scheme that focuses on centralized ventilation and deodorization, supplemented by deodorant spraying;

3 For centralized ventilation and deodorization, the deodorization method should be selected according to the intensity of the odor and the distribution of the odor source;

4 The deodorant should not be toxic, irritating and corrosive, and the spraying system should have the function of regulating the flow of the deodorant;

5.The deodorizing facilities (equipment) should have strong resistance to load impact, and should be easy to operate and maintain;

6 Deodorization system The number of main deodorization equipment should not be less than 2.

2.2.7 Anti-seepage and anti-corrosion measures should be taken for structures such as garbage storage pits, leachate adjustment tanks and biochemical tanks.

2.2.8 In closed buildings (structures) with the possibility of flammable gas generation or leakage, flammable gas online monitoring and alarm devices should be installed, and should be linked with forced ventilation equipment.

2.2.9 Explosion-proof measures should be taken for biogas generation, storage, transportation and other equipment and facilities in related areas.

2.2.10 The domestic waste treatment and disposal project shall adopt rain and sewage diversion measures, and shall set up initial rainwater storage tanks.

2.2.11 Staff amenities and equipment maintenance facilities shall be provided and adequate lighting shall be provided.

2.2.12 Facility systems and subsystems should ensure standby capability in case of failure, and the supply of backup water and electricity should also be considered.

2.2.13 Facilities such as sampling ports and platforms for sampling relevant technological processes shall be configured, and the setting of sampling points shall ensure sampling safety without affecting normal production.

2.2.14 A laboratory shall be set up or a unit with testing capabilities shall be entrusted to test and analyze the physical and chemical properties of domestic waste, process technical parameters, secondary pollution control indicators, etc.

2.3 Operation and maintenance

2.3.1 The domestic waste treatment and disposal project should formulate operation and maintenance procedures and accident emergency plans that are compatible with the characteristics and process requirements of domestic waste.

2.3.2 The domestic garbage treatment and disposal project should set up road traffic instructions, safety signs, fire and explosion prevention and environmental sanitation facilities. Eye-catching safety signs should be set up at each inspection point and the storage point of flammable and explosive materials, chemicals, medicines, etc.

2.3.3 The working areas of the plant should be separated reasonably, and the flow of people and logistics lines should be well organized to avoid intersections; the vertical traffic lines should be smooth and avoid duplication.

2.3.4 Special equipment must be tested and qualified by relevant departments, and should be used within the validity period of the license.

2.3.5 Anaerobic commissioning should pay attention to the production safety of biogas, monitor the production of biogas in time, and eliminate the gas leakage in time.

2.3.6 Belt drive, chain drive, coupling and other transmission components must have protective covers, and must not run naked. The installation of the hood should be firm and reliable.

2.3.7 Workers enter confined spaces such as garbage storage pits, incineration boilers, deacidification towers, denitrification towers, bag filters, leachate collection tanks, adjustment tanks, biochemical tanks, anaerobic reactors, etc., or where there are toxic and harmful When performing maintenance in gas places, the following regulations shall be complied with.

1 Safety protection measures such as prior ventilation, detection of harmful gases and wearing of personal protective equipment must be taken before entering the operation;

2 must use safe voltage lighting;

3 There should be guardians outside during the operation, and they should keep in touch with the maintenance personnel entering;

4.Personnel entering and exiting should apply for a work ticket, and implement the rules of sign-in and sign-out.

2.3.8 The operation and maintenance of the sewage treatment system of the domestic waste treatment and disposal project shall comply with the following regulations.

1 The hydraulic retention time of hydrolysis and acidification should be 2.5h~5.0h; the pH should be 6.5~7.5;

2 The type, dosage and method of coagulation-sedimentation pretreatment agent shall be determined according to the technical conditions and experimental results of leachate coagulation-sedimentation.

2.3.9 The operation and maintenance of the deodorization system of the domestic waste treatment and disposal project shall comply with the following regulations.

1 For facilities or places where domestic garbage and leachate are stacked and stored for a long time, the methane concentration in the odor should be tested before the fan is started to collect the odor. When the methane concentration exceeds 1.25%, ventilation should be carried out first, and the After the methane concentration drops below 1.25%, start the fan again;

2 When the deodorization system is scheduled to be out of service for K time, the equipment and system pipelines should be cleaned, and protective measures should be taken for various sensors, probes and instruments;

3 The deodorizing equipment must be stopped before maintenance, and the internal gas should be removed first, and the air should be ventilated. After confirming safety, lean back to enter the equipment for maintenance, and the personnel entering the equipment for maintenance should wear safety protective equipment;

4 The discarded deodorizing tower packing should be treated and disposed of in a harmless manner, and should not be piled up randomly to pollute the environment.

3.1 General provisions

3.1.1 The incineration plant should be equipped with receiving and storage system, incineration system, waste heat utilization system, flue gas purification system, ash treatment system, sewage treatment system, odor treatment system and supporting facilities to ensure normal operation.

3.1.2 The incineration plant should collect the odor from areas such as the unloading hall, garbage storage pit, sewage treatment system, etc., and discharge it after burning in the furnace or after reaching the standard after separate treatment.

3.1.3 The incineration plant must be equipped with an automatic control system to ensure the safe and normal operation of systems such as waste incineration, flue gas purification, waste heat utilization, sewage treatment, and fire protection. The automatic control system should have the function of storing process control parameters and pollutant discharge index data for more than 3 years.

3.2 Receiving and storage system

3.2.1 The receiving and storage system should be equipped with garbage discharge room and platform, garbage discharge door, garbage storage pit, garbage grab crane, leachate drainage, odor control and other facilities.

3.2.2 The garbage storage pit shall meet the following requirements.

1 The car block and abnormal situation alarm facilities must be set at the discharge port;

2 The storage capacity should not be less than 5d design capacity;

3.It should be airtight, install odor control and collection devices, and maintain a negative pressure state;

4 Leachate drainage and collection facilities should be set at the bottom, and anti-seepage and anti-corrosion measures should be taken for the drainage and collection facilities;

5.Lighting, fire detectors, accident smoke exhaust, fire extinguishers and other devices should be installed.

3.3 Incineration system

3.3.1 The waste incineration system should be equipped with waste feeding device, incineration device, slag discharge device, combustion air device, auxiliary combustion device and other auxiliary devices.

3.3.2 The annual running time of the incineration line should not be less than 8000h.

3.3.3 The incinerator should ensure that the temperature in the main temperature zone of the furnace can reach above 850°C, and the residence time of flue gas in the space above 850°C is greater than 2s.

3.3.4 The incinerator should be equipped with a combustion-supporting burner and an ignition burner. The burner should use light fuel (light diesel oil or gas). The temperature in the main control temperature zone is independently heated to 850°C and above.

3.3.5 At least 2 temperature monitoring sections should be set between the uppermost (rear) secondary air injection inlet of the incinerator and the outlet of the main control temperature zone of the furnace, and the residence time between the two temperature monitoring sections should meet the maximum flue gas volume. 2s, set at least 2 temperature monitoring points for each section, and monitor the temperature in the main control temperature zone of the furnace in real time.

3.3.6 When the incinerator is started, the furnace should be heated according to the specified heating rate, and the garbage should not be thrown in before the temperature in the main control temperature zone of the furnace reaches 850 °C. When the incinerator is shut down, the furnace should be cooled according to the prescribed cooling rate. Before the waste in the furnace is burned, the temperature in the main control temperature zone of the furnace should be maintained above 850°C through the combustion-supporting burner.

3.3.7 Storage and supply facilities for ignition, combustion-supporting fuel and activated carbon should be equipped with explosion-proof, lightning-proof, anti-static and fire-fighting facilities.

3.3.8 During the operation of the incineration plant, the operation and maintenance of electrical, combustion, heat, flue gas purification and other equipment and systems should implement the operation ticket and work ticket system respectively.

3.3.9 Maintenance personnel should take safety measures when entering the waste incinerator and waste heat boiler furnace and flue for maintenance.

3.4 Waste heat utilization system

3.4.1 The rated output of the waste heat boiler shall be determined according to the rated waste processing capacity, the design waste low calorific value and the design thermal efficiency of the waste heat boiler.

3.4.2 The thermal parameters of the waste heat boiler shall be determined according to the heat energy utilization mode, utilization equipment requirements and boiler safety operation requirements.

3.4.3 Level A, B, and C maintenance of waste heat boilers shall meet the following requirements.

1 During maintenance of grades A, B, and C, metal supervision on the heating surface of the waste heat boiler should be carried out, and the pipes of the water-cooled wall and superheater should be inspected and the thickness should be sampled.

2 During A-level maintenance, the heating surface of the waste heat boiler should be cut and sent for inspection;

3 During A-level maintenance, supervision and inspection of main steam pipelines and supervised pressure pipelines shall be carried out.

3.4.4 When the heating surface of the waste heat boiler is found to be deformed, bulged, and thickened, the heating tube should be replaced immediately; for the heating tube whose wall thickness is reduced by more than 30% of the design wall thickness due to erosion, wear, and high-temperature corrosion should be replaced.

3.4.5 When using waste heat energy to generate electricity, it should meet the requirements for grid connection of renewable energy power. When using waste heat energy for heating, it should meet the relevant requirements of heating source and heat pipe network.

3.5 Flue gas purification system

3.5.1 The flue gas purification system should have the function of removing acid gas, dust, heavy metals, dioxins and NOx.

3.5.2 Each incineration line should be equipped with an independent flue gas online monitoring system, and should be able to meet the requirements of the whole plant operation control and environmental protection monitoring. The layout of online monitoring points, selection of monitoring instruments, data processing and transmission should ensure that the monitoring data is true and reliable. The data such as particulate matter and harmful gas concentration displayed on the terminal of the online monitoring system should be converted into the data when the oxygen content is 11% under the standard state, and can display the instantaneous value and the time average value required by the emission standard.

3.5.3 During the inspection and maintenance process of the incineration plant, the filter bags, warehouses and other parts of the bag filter should be inspected, and the following regulations should be met.

1 The filter bag leak detection test and life evaluation should be carried out;

2 The damaged and falling filter bags should be replaced;

3 The leakage point of the warehouse should be repaired and the warehouse should be protected against corrosion;

4 Every inspection and replacement of the filter bag should be recorded.

3.6 Ash processing system

3.6.1 The domestic waste incineration slag and fly ash should be collected separately, and the fly ash should be stored and transported in an airtight manner.

3.6.2 The physical and chemical properties of domestic waste incineration slag should be tested regularly, and the thermal loss rate should be less than 5%. Domestic waste incineration fly ash should be regularly tested for physical and chemical properties and harmful substance content to ensure that all indicators meet relevant requirements before entering the follow-up treatment process.

4.1 General provisions

4.1.1 The landfill should be equipped with garbage dam anti-seepage system, groundwater and surface water collection and drainage system, leachate collection and drainage system, landfill operation, site closure and ecological restoration system, landfill gas drainage treatment and Utilization system, safety and environmental monitoring, sewage treatment odor control and treatment system, etc.

4.1.2 The landfill area and storage capacity shall satisfy the working life of not less than 10 years.

4.1.3 The landfill should be equipped with fences, gates and other facilities to prevent free access to the site for illegal dumping and safety accidents.

4.2 Foundation treatment and garbage dam engineering

4.2.1 The bottom of the landfill, the surrounding slopes, and the slope of the garbage dump must meet the overall and local stability requirements.

4.2.2 The bottom of the landfill site must have longitudinal and transverse slopes, and the drainage slope should not be less than 2%.

4.2.3 When the bottom slope of the landfill is relatively large, a garbage dam should be built downstream. The garbage dam should be able to effectively prevent the garbage from sliding downstream and ensure the long-term stability of the garbage dump.

4.3 Anti-seepage system

4.3.1 The landfill must have anti-seepage function, and the anti-seepage system should meet the following requirements.

1.It should be able to effectively prevent the penetration of leachate to protect groundwater and surface water from pollution, and at the same time prevent groundwater from entering the landfill;

2 The bottom of the landfill and surrounding slopes should be covered to form a complete anti-seepage barrier, and it should be effective during the operation period of the landfill and the maintenance period after closure.

4.3.2 When HDPE geomembrane is used as the main material of membrane anti-seepage layer, the thickness should not be less than 1.5mm.

4.3.3 The laying and construction of anti-seepage system shall comply with the following regulations.

1 During the HDPE film laying process, the lap width and weld quality control must be carried out, and welding and inspection records must be made as required;

2 After the construction of the anti-seepage system project is completed, before landfilling the garbage, the anti-seepage system should be fully inspected for leakage, and it can only be put into use after confirming that it is qualified.

4.4 Groundwater and surface water collection and drainage system

4.4.1 When the groundwater level in the landfill reservoir area is less than 1m from the bottom of the anti-seepage layer, or the groundwater affects the stability of the site bottom and slope base layer, an effective groundwater collection and drainage system must be installed.

4.4.2 The landfill should be equipped with groundwater monitoring facilities.

4.4.3 The design standard for the flood control system of the landfill shall be designed according to the water level of the once-in-50-year flood, and shall be checked according to the water level of the once-in-100-year flood.

4.4.4 The flood control system of the landfill shall be equipped with facilities such as flood interception dams, flood interception ditches, drop water and steep slopes, sump pools, lifting pump stations, and culvert pipes passing through dams according to the terrain.

4.5 Leachate collection and drainage system

4.5.1 The landfill must be equipped with an effective leachate collection and drainage system to ensure the smooth drainage of leachate and prevent leachate from inducing pile instability and landslides and polluting the environment. The leachate collection and drainage system should meet the following requirements. Regulation.

1 It should be able to guide and drain the leachate on the anti-seepage layer in a timely and effective manner, and reduce the leachate head on the anti-seepage layer;

2 It should be able to guide and drain the leachate in the garbage dump in a timely and effective manner to ensure that the liquid level in the garbage dump is lower than the safety warning water level;

3 It should have the ability to prevent clogging;

4 The anti-seepage layer should not be damaged.

4.5.2 The regulating tank of the landfill shall be equipped with effective anti-seepage system, covering system and dredging facilities, and the anti-seepage level shall not be lower than that of the landfill reservoir area.

4.6 Landfill operations

4.6.1 Comprehensive anti-odor and deodorization measures should be taken at the landfill to effectively prevent the impact of odor on the surrounding environment.

4.6.2 Operators should wear safety and health protective equipment when preparing and spraying drugs, and should strictly follow the operating procedures for drug spraying.

4.6.3 During the landfill operation, daily coverage and intermediate coverage should be carried out in time to keep the rain and sewage diversion facilities intact.

4.6.4 Closed buildings (structures) are strictly prohibited in the landfill reservoir area and fire protection zone before the landfill waste reaches degradation and stabilization.

4.6.5 The landfill storage area shall be equipped with fire prevention facilities according to the requirements of Class E fire protection zone in the fire hazard classification of production.

4.6.6 After the domestic waste incineration fly ash is treated to meet the relevant requirements, it should be buried separately in the domestic waste landfill.

4.7 Closure and coverage and ecological restoration system

4.7.1 A long-term effective capping and covering system shall be set up for landfill closure to control rainwater infiltration and fugitive release of landfill gas. The closure cover structure of the landfill should include the exhaust layer, anti-seepage layer, drainage layer and vegetation layer in sequence from bottom to top.

4.7.2 During the maintenance period after the closure of the landfill, fireworks shall be strictly prohibited throughout the site, and safety protection measures shall be taken for the landfill gas and leachate collection and treatment facilities.

4.7.3 After the landfill is closed, ecological restoration shall be carried out in time.

4.8 Landfill gas conduction treatment and utilization system

4.8.1 The landfill must be equipped with effective landfill gas drainage facilities to prevent fire and explosion caused by the accumulation and migration of landfill gas.

4.8.2 The landfill gas conduction and drainage facilities should be added in time with the increase of the landfill area and height, to ensure that the landfill gas conduction and drainage facilities cover all landfill waste, and to avoid damage to the gas guidance and drainage facilities during landfill operations, to maintain the effectiveness of landfill gas conduction and drainage facilities.

4.8.3 For landfills equipped with landfill gas active diversion facilities, flare systems or landfill gas utilization facilities must be installed.

4.8.4 The landfill gas flare system should take care of the ignition and flameout protection functions, and the flame arresting device matching the combustion characteristics of the landfill gas should be installed on the inlet pipe of the flare.

4.8.5 The landfill gas collection and utilization system shall meet the following requirements.

1.Oxygen content monitoring and alarm equipment shall be installed on the intake pipe before the landfill gas extraction equipment, and shall be connected with the biogas collection control system.

2 The gas transmission pipeline shall not pass through large-section pipelines or passages.

3.When maintaining equipment, it is not allowed to connect temporary power lines at will; maintenance personnel are strictly forbidden to wear chemical fiber work clothes, and it is strictly forbidden to carry communication equipment in a closed room.

4 When the oxygen concentration at the wellhead of the gas guide well exceeds 2%, the opening of the valve should be reduced. When it is found that there is an oxygen inlet point, the valve of the gas guide shaft should be closed according to the situation until the oxygen inlet fault is eliminated.

5 Nitrogen flushing must be carried out before the pretreatment system is started.

6 For the cable laying of landfill gas power plant and auxiliary plant, fire-retardant and fire-proof sealing measures shall be taken.

4.9 Safety and Environmental Monitoring

4.9.1 The stability and safety of the landfill garbage dump, garbage dam and surrounding mountain slopes shall be monitored, including the level of leachate in the dump, displacement of the dump, displacement of the garbage dam, and displacement of surrounding mountain slopes.

4.9.2 The groundwater, surface water, atmosphere, sewage discharge, field noise, fly density, etc. should be regularly monitored around the landfill.

5.1 General provisions

5.1.1 The treatment plant should be equipped with receiving and storage system, pretreatment and transportation system, anaerobic digestion or aerobic composting or feed system, biogas utilization system or fertilizer system, solid residue and sludge treatment system, sewage treatment system, Odor collection and treatment system, etc., to ensure normal operation.

5.1.2 The treatment plant should collect the odor and discharge it after the treatment reaches the standard.

5.2 Receiving and storage system

5.2.1 The receiving and storage system should be equipped with garbage discharge room and platform, garbage discharge door, garbage storage pit or hopper, conveying equipment, leachate drainage, odor control and other facilities.

5.2.2 The unloading room should be closed, and the unloading port and hopper should be able to be closed.

5.2.3 The unloading room shall be equipped with ground and equipment flushing facilities and a flushing water discharge system.

5.2.4 The surface layer of the unloading site and the road in the factory area should adopt anti-corrosion and wear-resistant...