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GB 50850-2013Code for Design of Aluminum Smelter Processes (English PDF)

铝电解厂工艺设计规范

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Issued by

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

Level / Type

National · Mandatory

Issue date

December 25, 2012

Implementation date

May 1, 2013

Scope

GB 50850-2013 is the English-translated version of 铝电解厂工艺设计规范.

GB 50850-2013 is the Chinese standard "Code for Design of Aluminum Smelter Processes".

Its scope clause reads: 1.0.1 This code is formulated in order to meet the needs of the construction of aluminium smelter projects, improve the quality of engineering design and promote the safety and reliability, advanced applicability and economic rationality of aluminium smelters, in compliance with the relevant national laws, regulations and standards.

1.0.2 This code is applicable to the process design of new, expanded and technically renovated aluminium smelters. 1.0.3 Aluminium reduction cells must adopt the prebaked anode aluminium reduction cell process of 200 kA and above.

1.0.4 Aluminium smelters shall, in accordance with the provisions of the current industry standard "Cleaner production standard - Primary aluminum industry" HJ/T 187, take measures for the simultaneous treatment of harmful pollutants in waste gas, waste water and waste residue, and shall reduce the emission of the greenhouse gases perfluorocarbons.

1.0.5 Aluminium smelters shall be built close to power plants or substations. In areas where conditions permit, downstream processing industries should be extended, and clean energy such as natural gas or coal-based natural gas should be used for production.

1.0.6 The process design of aluminium smelters shall comply not only with this code but also with the provisions of the current relevant national standards.

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Document preview — GB 50850-2013

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

Classification: P 73

Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

1 General provisions
2 Terms
3 Main materials and product quality
4 Electrolysis process calculation
4.1 Process calculation
4.2 Calculation for selection of main equipment
5 Design of reduction cells
6 Potroom
6.1 General requirements
6.2 Potroom arrangement
7 Process automation control
8 Substation and rectifier station
8.1 General requirements
8.2 Power supply and wiring system
8.3 Selection of rectifier units and harmonic control
9 Anode rodding shop
9.1 General requirements
9.2 Arrangement of anode rodding shop
9.3 Anode rodding storehouse
10 Storage, transport and feeding of alumina, fluoride salts and electrolyte
10.1 General requirements
10.2 Storage and transport of alumina
10.3 Feeding and distribution of alumina and fluorinated alumina
10.4 Storage, transport and feeding of aluminium fluoride and electrolyte powder
11 Potroom fume treatment
11.1 General requirements
11.2 Arrangement of treatment equipment and stack design
12 Process calculation of aluminium ingot casting
12.1 Classification of aluminium ingots and casting process calculation
12.2 Calculation for selection of main equipment
13 Arrangement of aluminium ingot casting shop
13.1 General requirements
13.2 Selection of casting equipment
13.3 Casting shop arrangement
13.4 Warehouse for finished cast products
13.5 Aluminium dross treatment
14 Tapping crucible cleaning
15 Waste residue treatment and storage yard
16 Reduction cell repair and auxiliary repair of electrolysis
16.1 General requirements
16.2 Cell relining on-line
16.3 Cell relining out-of-line
16.4 Selection of cell relining equipment
16.5 Auxiliary repair of electrolysis
Explanation of wording in this code
List of quoted standards
Addition: Explanation of provisions

Foreword

This code was compiled by Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. jointly with the organizations concerned, in accordance with the requirements of the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Plan for Formulating and Revising Engineering Construction Standards and Codes in 2006 (Second Batch)" (Jianbiao [2006] No. 136) issued by the former Ministry of Construction.

During the compilation of this code, the drafting group carried out in-depth and detailed investigation and research, carefully summarized practical experience, referred to related domestic codes and advanced international standards, and, on the basis of wide solicitation of opinions, finalized the code after review.

This code consists of 16 chapters. The main technical contents are: general provisions, terms, main materials and product quality, electrolysis process calculation, design of reduction cells, potroom, process automation control, substation and rectifier station, anode rodding shop, storage, transport and feeding of alumina, fluoride salts and electrolyte, potroom fume treatment, process calculation of aluminium ingot casting, arrangement of aluminium ingot casting shop, tapping crucible cleaning, waste residue treatment and storage yard, and reduction cell repair and auxiliary repair of electrolysis.

The provisions printed in bold type in this code are mandatory provisions and shall be strictly implemented.

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is in charge of the administration of this code and the explanation of the mandatory provisions; China Nonferrous Metals Industry Engineering Construction Standards Administration Office is responsible for its routine management; and Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents. Any comments or suggestions arising during the implementation of this code should be sent to Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. (address: No. 2 Jinzhu Road, Jinyang New District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province; postcode: 550081) for reference in future revision.

Chief development organizations: Guiyang Aluminum Magnesium Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.; China Nonferrous Metals Industry Engineering Construction Standards Administration Office

Participating development organizations: Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Engineering and Research Institute Co., Ltd.; Guizhou Branch of Aluminum Corporation of China Limited; Qingtongxia Aluminum Co., Ltd.

1 General provisions

1.0.1 This code is formulated in order to meet the needs of the construction of aluminium smelter projects, improve the quality of engineering design and promote the safety and reliability, advanced applicability and economic rationality of aluminium smelters, in compliance with the relevant national laws, regulations and standards.

1.0.2 This code is applicable to the process design of new, expanded and technically renovated aluminium smelters.

1.0.3 Aluminium reduction cells must adopt the prebaked anode aluminium reduction cell process of 200 kA and above.

1.0.6 The process design of aluminium smelters shall comply not only with this code but also with the provisions of the current relevant national standards.

2 Terms

2.0.1 prebaked anode cell

Its characteristic is that the anodes are qualified formed carbon blocks produced by forming and baking in a prebaked anode plant, which are used on the cell after rodding. Its main advantages are that pitch fume and fluorides are treated separately, and that the cell lends itself to mechanized and automated operation and to centralized and effective treatment of potroom fume and dust.

2.0.2 fluorinated alumina

Fluorine-bearing alumina formed after fresh alumina, used as the adsorbent for the harmful component fluorides in potroom fume, has cyclically absorbed the hydrogen fluoride and solid fluoride particles in the fume in a dry scrubbing system.

2.0.3 anode current density

Characteristic index ratio obtained by dividing the current intensity of an aluminium reduction cell by the sum of the areas of all anode carbon blocks on the cell, expressed in amperes per square centimetre.

2.0.4 partially graphitiferous cathode block

Cathode carbon block in whose dry aggregate formulation the proportion of added artificial graphite is lower than 30%.

2.0.5 baking, starting up

The two production processes that a reduction cell must undergo at the initial stage of being put into production: preheating of the lining, and start-up by pouring in high-temperature liquid electrolyte so that the cell gradually enters the aluminium-producing state.

2.0.6 computer room

Main computer room of the automatic control system for the operation and management of all the reduction cells of the whole potline.

2.0.7 anode rodding

Process of assembling new prebaked anode carbon blocks with anode steel yokes, anode rods, etc., by a given process method and equipment flow, into anode carbon block assemblies that can be used on aluminium reduction cells.

2.0.8 butt

Residual anode carbon block removed after a prebaked anode carbon block has been used on an aluminium reduction cell for one cycle.

2.0.9 aluminium alloy

General term for alloy products based on aluminium.

2.0.10 master alloy

Intermediate alloy product specially prepared to facilitate the addition of one or more alloying elements to aluminium-based alloys.

2.0.11 aluminium slag

Mixture of metallic aluminium and other aluminium oxides produced in the aluminium melting process.

2.0.12 pot relining on-line

Operation process or method of carrying out shutdown, lining removal, repair and relining of a reduction cell in situ in the potroom.

2.0.13 pot relining out-of-line

Operation process or method in which the shell and lining of a shut-down reduction cell are lifted as a whole and transported to a dedicated relining shop for lining removal, repair and relining.

3 Main materials and product quality

3.0.1 The quality of alumina shall not be lower than Grade 2 specified in the current national standard "Aluminium oxide" GB/T 24487; sandy alumina with a specific surface area of 60 m2/g and above should be used.

3.0.2 The quality of cryolite shall not be lower than the Grade 1 standard specified in the current national standard "Cryolite" GB/T 4291, and high-molecular-ratio cryolite and ordinary cryolite shall be used according to the different stages of the reduction cell, such as baking and start-up and later operation management.

3.0.3 The quality of aluminium fluoride shall not be lower than Grade 1 specified in the current national standard "Aluminium fluoride" GB/T 4292.

3.0.4 The quality of sodium fluoride shall not be lower than Grade 2 specified in the current industry standard "Sodium fluoride" YS/T 517.

3.0.5 The quality of calcium fluoride shall not be lower than Grade 2 specified in the current national standard "Calcium fluoride" GB/T 27804.

3.0.6 The quality of industrial sodium carbonate shall not be lower than the first-class product of Category II specified in the current national standard "Sodium carbonate for industrial use and its test methods" GB 210.

3.0.7 The physical and chemical properties of prebaked anodes shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Prebaked anodes for aluminium electrolysis" YS/T 285. The dimensions and permissible deviations of prebaked anodes shall comply with Table 3.0.7. Where the design anode current density of the reduction cell is greater than or equal to 0.8 A/cm2, high-quality prebaked anodes with an apparent density of 1.56 g/cm3 or above should be used.

3.0.8 The quality of ordinary cathode carbon blocks shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Ordinary cathode carbon blocks for aluminium electrolysis" YS/T 5230.

3.0.9 The quality of semi-graphitic cathode carbon blocks shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Semi-graphitic cathode carbon blocks for aluminium electrolysis" YS/T 287.

3.0.10 The quality of high-graphitic cathode carbon blocks shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "High-graphitic cathode carbon blocks for aluminium electrolysis" YS/T 623.

3.0.11 The quality of graphitized cathode carbon blocks shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Graphitized cathode carbon blocks for aluminium electrolysis" YS/T 699.

3.0.12 The quality of cathode paste for aluminium electrolysis shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Cathode paste for aluminium electrolysis" YS/T 65. The classification of cathode paste products for aluminium electrolysis shall comply with Table 3.0.12.

3.0.13 The quality of silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide bricks/plates for aluminium electrolysis shall not be lower than the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide bricks for blast furnaces" TB/T 4035.

3.0.14 The quality of aluminium ingots for remelting shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Aluminium ingots for remelting" GB/T 1196. Where aluminium reduction cells are used to produce primary refined aluminium products whose quality lies between aluminium ingots for remelting and "Refined aluminium ingots for remelting" YS/T 665, the quality of raw and auxiliary materials may be specially controlled as required.

Remaining clauses in the full document

4 Electrolysis process calculation
5 Design of reduction cells
6 Potroom
7 Process automation control
8 Substation and rectifier station
9 Anode rodding shop
10 Storage, transport and feeding of alumina, fluoride salts and electrolyte
11 Potroom fume treatment
12 Process calculation of aluminium ingot casting
13 Arrangement of aluminium ingot casting shop
14 Tapping crucible cleaning
15 Waste residue treatment and storage yard
16 Reduction cell repair and auxiliary repair of electrolysis
Explanation of wording in this code
List of quoted standards
Addition: Explanation of provisions

......
This preview omits tables, figures, formulas and parts of the technical clauses. The complete document — 126 pages — is available in the English PDF.

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