GB 47497-2026Vehicle fire detection alarms (English PDF)

5.3.1 Power Supply

5.3.1.1 The detector alarm should be powered by a DC voltage of 48 V or below.

5.3.1.2 Detection alarms with backup power supplies should have a main/backup power switching function. When the main power supply is on, the backup power supply of the detection alarm should be switched. Charge the detector using a power source; when the main power supply fails, the backup power source should supply power to the detector.

5.3.1.3 The detection alarm device shall have an overcurrent protection device.

5.3.2 Indicator Lights The detector alarm should be equipped with independent power indicator and operating status indicator, and the indicator lights should have Chinese function descriptions. The power indicator uses... The indicator light shows the status of the main and backup power supplies. The operating status indicator light indicates normal monitoring status and alarm status; in normal monitoring status, the indicator light... It should be green; the indicator light should be red when in alarm mode.

Note. Normal monitoring status refers to the state where the detector alarm is powered on and working normally, but does not issue an alarm signal.

5.3.3 Communication Interface The detector/alarm should have at least a CAN communication interface and be able to upload its operating status information and fire alarm information to the vehicle control system. Alarm information and control output information are displayed independently on the car's dashboard or other display devices.

5.3.4 Connectors The connector of the detector alarm should have a reverse connection protection function.

5.4 Functional Requirements

5.4.1 Fire alarm function When the parameters of the monitored area of the detector meet the alarm conditions, the detector should issue a fire alarm signal and maintain it until... Manual reset. Within 60 seconds of placing the detector back under normal environmental conditions, it should automatically or manually return to normal monitoring status. state.

5.4.2 Alarm transmission and query function

5.4.2.1 When the monitoring area parameters of the detector alarm meet the alarm conditions, the fire event and sensor alarm category information should be transmitted within 5 seconds. The information is transmitted to the car's dashboard or other display devices for display.

5.4.2.2 For detectors with adjustable alarm settings, special tools should be used for setting. The alarm setting should be verifiable by the vehicle. Query from dashboard or other display devices.

5.4.3 Control Output Function The detector/alarm should have at least one control output interface. The type and capacity of the interface should be compatible with the products specified in the product technical documentation. The product or actuator must be compatible, and this should be specified in the instruction manual. The detection alarm should activate its control output in the event of a fire alarm. When the control output interface of the alarm device has a delay function, its maximum delay time should not exceed 30 seconds.

5.4.4 Information storage function The detector/alarm should be able to store no fewer than 1,000 records of power-on/off and fire alarm information, including the alarm events. and sensor alarm categories.

5.5 Detection and Alarm Requirements

5.5.1 The alarm performance of fire detectors for gas-powered vehicles shall meet the following requirements.

a) When there are two alarm settings, a low limit and a high limit, the low limit alarm setting should be in the range of 5%LEL to 25%LEL, and the high limit alarm setting should be... The setpoint should be 50% LEL; for detectors with only one alarm setpoint, the alarm setpoint should be 5% LEL. Within a 25% LEL range, the upper limit of the detection alarm's range should be no less than twice the alarm setting value and no less than 15% LEL. The alarm activation value of the alarm device should not be lower than 5% LEL.

b) A detector alarm with carbon monoxide detection function, the alarm setpoint should be between 150×10^-6 (volume fraction) and 300×10^-6 (volume fraction). Within the range of integrals, the alarm action value should not be lower than 50 × 10^-6 (volume fraction).

c) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of the detector should not exceed 3% LEL; it should have carbon monoxide detection. For a functional detection alarm, the absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value should not exceed 60 × 10^-6 (volume fraction).

5.5.2 Fire detectors for electric vehicles should have at least smoke detection and alarm functions and gas detection and alarm functions (including hydrogen detection). (one or more gases selected from gas, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide), the alarm performance should meet the following requirements.

a) Smoke detection should employ the principle of scattering and transmitting light, and its performance should meet the requirements of 5.9;

b) A detection alarm with hydrogen detection function, the alarm setting value should be between 150×10^-6 (volume fraction) and 500×10^-6 (volume fraction). Within the range of numbers, the absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value should not exceed 80 × 10^-6 (volume fraction). It should not be less than 80 × 10^-6 (volume fraction);

c) A detector alarm with carbon monoxide detection function, with an alarm setpoint between 150 × 10^-6 (volume fraction) and 700 × 10^-6 (volume fraction). Within the range of integral values, the absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value should not exceed 60 × 10^-6 (volume fraction). The value should not be less than 50 × 10^-6 (volume fraction);

d) A detector alarm with carbon dioxide detection function, with an alarm setpoint between 1,500 × 10^-6 (volume fraction) and 3,000 × 10^-6. (Volume fraction) range, the absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value should not exceed 5% of the alarm set value. 50× 10^-6 (volume fraction);

e) When the temperature detection alarm function is present, the temperature detection performance should meet the requirements of 5.10;

f) When pressure detection alarm function is provided, the pressure detection performance shall meet the requirements of 5.11.

5.6 Gas alarm response time Place the gas-powered vehicle fire detector in a test gas atmosphere with a concentration twice the alarm setpoint and start timing. The time required for the alarm to send a signal is called the gas alarm response time. The gas alarm response time of a gas-powered vehicle fire detector/alarm... The interval should not be less than 15 seconds and not more than 60 seconds.

5.7 Orientation Rotate the gas-powered vehicle fire detector clockwise within the mounting plane, measuring the alarm activation value after each 45° rotation. The measurement results should meet the following requirements.

a) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value of the detector should not exceed 5%LEL;

5.9.1 Smoke Alarm Action Values

5.9.1.1 The smoke alarm action value is the smoke concentration m value (dB/m) when the detector sends a fire alarm signal. The formula for calculating the m value is... The measurement method is given in Appendix A. The smoke alarm activation value of a fire detector for electric vehicles should be measured in a standard smoke box (hereinafter referred to as...). The test shall be conducted in a smoke chamber, and the smoke chamber and test smoke shall comply with the provisions of Appendix B.

5.9.1.2 The detector/alarm shall be installed in the smoke box according to the installation orientation specified in the product technical documents and shall be in normal monitoring condition. The airflow velocity around the alarm should be (0.2±0.04) m/s, and the airflow temperature should be (23±5)°C.

5.9.1.3 Before the test, there should be no test smoke inside the smoke box and the detector alarm.

5.9.1.4 The test smoke shall be injected into the smoke box at a smoke rising rate of

0.015 dB/(m·min) <= Deltam/Deltat <=

0.1 dB/(m·min).

5.9.1.5 Measure the smoke alarm activation values of the same detector multiple times, comparing the maximum alarm activation value mmax and the minimum alarm activation value mmin. The ratio mmax.mmin should not exceed 1.6.For smoke alarm detectors with adjustable action values, the minimum alarm action value mmin should not be less than... For smoke detectors with non-adjustable smoke alarm action values, the minimum alarm action value (mmin) should not be less than

0.15 dB/m.

5.9.2 Smoke Response Repeatability The smoke alarm activation values of the same electric vehicle should be measured 6 times using a fire detector, and the requirements of

5.9.1.5 should be met.

5.9.3 Smoke Response Consistency The smoke alarm activation values of multiple electric vehicle fire detectors were measured. The average alarm activation value is represented by mrep, and the maximum alarm value is... The ratio of the action value to the average alarm action value (mmax.mrep) should not exceed 1.33, and the ratio of the average alarm action value to the minimum alarm action value should also be considered. mrep.mmin should not be greater than 1.5.

5.10 Temperature Detection Performance

5.10.1 Temperature alarm action value The fire detector alarm for electric vehicles starts at 65 °C and heats up at a rate not exceeding 0.2 °C/min until a temperature alarm signal is triggered. The operating temperature should not be less than 69 °C and should not be greater than 85 °C.

5.10.2 Temperature alarm response time The temperature alarm response time of the fire detector for electric vehicles, starting from 40 °C and with a heating rate of 20 °C/min, should not be... Less than 1 minute and should not exceed 3 minutes and 13 seconds.

5.10.3 High Temperature Response Performance The fire detector for electric vehicles should not trigger a fire alarm when heated to 65°C at a rate of 1°C/min from room temperature and stabilized for 2 hours. Signal; then, the response time of the detection alarm under heating rate conditions of 3 °C/min and 20 °C/min should meet the requirements of Table 1.

5.11 Pressure Detection Performance The pressure alarm activation value for fire detectors used in electric vehicles should be between 50 kPa and 120 kPa. (Alarm activation value vs. alarm set value) The absolute value of the difference should not exceed 1 kPa.

5.12 Electrolyte Fire Sensitivity Fire detectors for electric vehicles shall issue a fire alarm signal before the end of the electrolyte test conditions specified in Appendix C.

5.13 Resistance to poisoning Take two identical detectors and alarms. One operates for 40 minutes under hexamethyldisiloxane interference conditions, and the other operates under hydrogen sulfide dry conditions. Operate under disturbance conditions for 40 minutes. During the test, the detector/alarm should not emit an alarm signal. After the test, the detector/alarm should function normally. Under normal atmospheric conditions, allow the detector to operate in normal monitoring mode for 20 minutes, then remeasure the gas alarm activation value. The device should meet the following requirements.

5.14 Power Function

5.14.1 For detectors and alarms with backup power supplies, the switching between the main and backup power supplies should not cause the detectors and alarms to issue fire alarms or control outputs. Signal. When the backup power supply discharges to the termination voltage, it should be charged for 24 hours, and its capacity should be sufficient to enable the detector alarm to operate in normal monitoring mode. For continuous operation for 8 hours, the detection alarm should meet the following requirements.

5.14.2 Adjust the power supply voltage of the detector and alarm to 75% and 133% of its rated voltage respectively. The detector and alarm should meet the following requirements.

a) During the test, the detection alarm should remain in normal monitoring mode.

b) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value of the fire detector alarm for gas-powered vehicles should not exceed 3% LEL. The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value for carbon monoxide should not exceed 60 × 10^-6 (volume fraction).

c) Fire detectors and alarms for electric vehicles shall meet the following requirements. 1) The smoke alarm activation values should meet the requirements of 5.9.1.5; 2) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with hydrogen detection function should not exceed [a certain value]. 80×10^-6 (volume fraction); 3) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with carbon monoxide detection function should not be large. At 60×10^-6 (volume fraction); 4) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with carbon dioxide detection function should not be large. 5% of the alarm setting value, 50×10^-6 (volume fraction); 5) Detection alarms with temperature detection function should meet the requirements of 5.10.2; 6) Detection alarms with pressure detection function should meet the requirements of 5.11.

5.15 Long-term stability The detection alarm should be able to operate continuously for 28 days under normal environmental conditions and meet the following requirements.

a) During the test, the detection alarm should remain in normal monitoring mode.

b) After the test, the absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value of the fire detector alarm for gas-powered vehicles should not exceed [a certain value]. For 5% LEL, the absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value for carbon monoxide should not exceed 80 × 10^-6 (volume fraction).

c) After testing, the fire detector alarm for electric vehicles shall meet the following requirements. 1) The smoke alarm activation values should meet the requirements of 5.9.1.5; 2) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with hydrogen detection function should not exceed [a certain value]. 80×10^-6 (volume fraction); 3) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with carbon monoxide detection function should not be large. At 80×10^-6 (volume fraction); 4) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with carbon dioxide detection function should not be large. 5% of the alarm setting value, 50×10^-6 (volume fraction); 5) Detection alarms with temperature detection function should meet the requirements of 5.10.2; 6) Detection alarms with pressure detection function should meet the requirements of 5.11.

5.16 Electromagnetic compatibility performance The detector alarm should be able to withstand all tests under the electromagnetic interference conditions specified in Table 2 and meet the following requirements.

a) During the test, the detection alarm should remain in normal monitoring mode.

b) After the test, the absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value of the fire detector alarm for gas-powered vehicles should not exceed [a certain value]. For 5% LEL, the absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm setting value for carbon monoxide should not exceed 80 × 10^-6 (volume fraction).

c) After testing, the fire detector alarm for electric vehicles shall meet the following requirements. 1) The smoke alarm activation values should meet the requirements of 5.9.1.5; 2) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with hydrogen detection function should not exceed [a certain value]. 80×10^-6 (volume fraction); 3) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with carbon monoxide detection function should not be large. At 80×10^-6 (volume fraction); 4) The absolute value of the difference between the alarm action value and the alarm set value of a detector with carbon dioxide detection function should not be large. 5% of the alarm setting value, 50×10^-6 (volume fraction); 5) Detection alarms with temperature detection function should meet the requirements of 5.10.2; 6) Detection alarms with pressure detection function should meet the requirements of 5.11.

5.18 Mechanical environmental tolerance The detector alarm should be able to withstand all tests under the mechanical environment test conditions specified in Table 4 and meet the following requirements.

6.1.8 Test Procedure

6.1.8.1 The test items for fire detectors and alarms for gas-powered vehicles are shown in Table 5, and the test items for fire detectors and alarms for electric vehicles are shown in Table 6.

6.1.8.2 For fire detectors and alarms used in electric vehicles, a battery thermal runaway alarm performance test must be conducted first. Only after the test result is qualified can the device be used. Further tests were conducted. For samples with non-adjustable smoke alarm activation values, the smoke alarm activation was determined after the smoke response consistency test. The four samples with the highest values are numbered sequentially from 16 to 19, and the other samples are randomly numbered from 1 to 15.(For adjustable smoke alarms...) For the sample of the action value, the smoke response consistency test should be conducted separately under each smoke alarm action value level condition, and according to the sample... Smoke alarm activation values were numbered according to the maximum smoke alarm activation level. The four samples with the highest smoke alarm activation values were numbered 16~. Sample number 19; other samples are randomly numbered from 1 to

15.The electrolyte fire sensitivity test should be conducted at the sample's maximum smoke alarm activation value. Tests should be conducted under the specified level conditions, and all other samples should be tested under the minimum smoke alarm activation value level conditions.

6.2 Inspection of appearance and main components The specimens shall be inspected for appearance and major components in accordance with the requirements of

6.3.1 Test Procedure

6.3.1.1 Ensure the sample meets the fire alarm conditions and check the fire alarm signal indication of the sample; maintain the fire alarm conditions and manually reset. Test the fire alarm signal indication on the test specimen.

6.3.1.2 Place the sample under fire alarm status back into normal environmental conditions, observe and record the time, and check whether the sample can automatically... Alternatively, it can be restored to normal monitoring status by manual reset.

6.3.2 Test Equipment Timer.

6.4.1 Test Procedure

6.4.1.1 Ensure the sample meets the fire alarm conditions of various sensors, observe and record the time, and check the fire alarm events transmitted by the sample. Sensor alarm category information.

6.4.1.2 For samples with adjustable alarm settings, modify the alarm settings and check the display and query status of the sample alarm settings.

6.4.2 Test Equipment Timer.

6.5.1 Test Procedure

6.5.1.1 Check the type and capacity of the control output interface of the sample.

6.5.1.2 Ensure the sample meets the fire alarm conditions and check the start-up status of the sample's control output.

6.5.1.3 For samples with output delay control, check the maximum delay time of the sample. Observe and record the delay time during the delay phase. Sample control output delay.

6.5.2 Test Equipment Timer.

6.6 Information Storage Function Test Handle the sample and check its information storage function according to the requirements of 5.4.4.

6.7.1 Test Procedure

6.7.1.1 Install the sample in the test equipment and put the sample under normal monitoring conditions.

6.7.1.2 Start the ventilation fan to stabilize the airflow rate inside the test chamber at (0.8±0.2) m/s, then increase the speed by no more than 1% of the upper limit of the range per minute. The concentration of carbon monoxide is increased at a rate not exceeding 50 × 10^-6/min (volume fraction) until the sample emits an alarm signal. The sample concentration is then recorded. Alarm action values.

6.7.2 Test Equipment A gas detection performance test apparatus that meets the requirements of Appendix D.

6.8.1 Test Procedure

6.8.1.1 Install the sample in the testing equipment and start the ventilator to stabilize the airflow rate within the testing equipment at (0.8±0.2) m/s. The air hood isolates the sample from the air in the testing equipment. When the power is turned on, the sample is placed in a normal monitoring state.

6.8.1.2 Adjust the gas concentration in the test equipment to twice the sample alarm set value. After the gas concentration is reached, open the gas hood and start the meter. Record the time when the sample emits an alarm signal.

6.8.2 Test Equipment Gas detection performance test apparatus and timer that meet the requirements of Appendix D.

6.9.1 Test Procedure

6.9.1.1 Install the sample in the test equipment and put the sample under normal monitoring conditions.

6.9.1.2 The sample is rotated clockwise within the mounting plane, 45° each time, while maintaining normal monitoring. Following the method specified in 6.7, [the sample is then tested]. Measure the alarm action values of the sample in different positions.

6.9.2 Test Equipment A gas detection performance test apparatus, angle ruler or angle sensor that meets the requirements of Appendix D.

6.10 Battery thermal runaway alarm performance test Perform the battery thermal runaway alarm test according to the requirements of Appendix A.

6.11.1 Test Procedure

6.11.1.1 Install the sample in the test equipment and put the sample under normal monitoring conditions.

6.11.1.2 Start the ventilation fan to stabilize the airflow rate in the test chamber at (0.8±0.2) m/s, and then increase the flow rate by a volume fraction not exceeding 50×10-6/min. The concentration of the test gas is increased at a rate until the sample emits an alarm signal, and the alarm action value of the sample is recorded.

6.11.2 Test Equipment A gas detection performance test apparatus that meets the requirements of Appendix D.

6.12.1 Test Procedure

6.12.1.1 Install the sample in the test equipment and put the sample under normal monitoring conditions.

6.12.1.2 Start the ventilation fan to stabilize the airflow rate inside the test chamber at (0.8±0.2) m/s, and then increase the flow rate by a volume fraction not exceeding 50×10-6/min. The concentration of the test gas is increased at a rate until the sample emits an alarm signal, and the alarm action value of the sample is recorded.

6.12.2 Test Equipment A gas detection performance test apparatus that meets the requirements of Appendix D.

6.13.1 Test Procedure

6.13.1.1 Install the sample in the test equipment and put the sample under normal monitoring conditions.

6.13.1.2 Start the ventilation fan to stabilize the airflow rate in the test chamber at (0.8±0.2) m/s, and then increase the flow rate by a volume fraction not exceeding 100×10-6/min. The rate of increase of the test gas concentration,...