GB 31241.4-2026Safety of lithium-ion cells and batteries used in electronic and electrical equipment - Part 4: Toys (English PDF)

4.5 Test Charge/Discharge Procedure

4.5.1 Test charging procedure The battery or battery pack is charged with a current of 0.2It. When the terminal voltage of the battery or battery pack reaches the charging limit voltage (Ucl), it switches to constant voltage charging. Charge the battery until the charging current is less than or equal to 0.02It, then stop charging. Before charging, the battery or battery pack should be discharged according to the test method specified in

4.5.2 and left to stand for 10 minutes.

4.5.2 Test Discharge Procedure The battery or battery pack is discharged at a constant current of 0.2It until the discharge termination voltage (Ude).

4.6 Type Testing

4.6.1 Sample Requirements Unless otherwise specified, the tested sample should be a representative sample of the product that the customer will accept, including small-batch pilot production samples or samples prepared for testing. Products delivered to customers. Lithium-ion batteries and battery packs for toys should not use recycled products. If the test requires the introduction of wires for testing or connection, the total resistance generated by the introduction of wires for testing or connection shall be less than 20mOmega.

Note. The temperature coefficient of resistivity of the conductor is less than 5×10-3°C-1, such as constantan wire.

4.6.2 Sample Quantity Unless otherwise specified, three samples are required for each test item.

4.6.3 Sample volume test The actual capacity of a battery or battery pack should be greater than or equal to its rated capacity; otherwise, it cannot be used as a typical sample for type testing.

Note. Unless otherwise specified, the above requirements apply only to type testing. The battery or battery pack should be fully charged according to the charging procedure specified in 4.5.1, allowed to stand for 10 minutes, and then discharged according to the discharging procedure specified in 4.5.2. The capacity provided during the discharge of electricity is the actual capacity of the battery or battery pack. When it is believed that the ambient temperature affects the capacity test results and there is any objection, an ambient temperature of 25°C±2°C can be used as the benchmark. The capacity test will be re-conducted under the new conditions.

4.6.4 Sample Pretreatment Before conducting the tests specified in 4.6.5, the samples should be pretreated as follows:

a) Charge-discharge cycle. The battery or battery pack undergoes two complete charge-discharge cycles according to the charge-discharge procedure specified in 4.5. Let the charge and discharge cycles pause for 10 minutes between each cycle. Note

1.Capacity testing can be performed simultaneously during the charge-discharge cycle pretreatment (a). The smaller capacity value after two complete charge-discharge cycles is taken as the sample. capacity.

b) Electrostatic discharge. For the battery pack, after completing the pre-treatment of charge-discharge cycle a), fully charge according to the charging procedure specified in 4.5.1. In addition, a 4kV contact discharge test (±4kV each) should be performed on each output terminal of the battery pack according to GB/T 17626.2. 10 times) and 8kV air discharge test (±8kV 10 times each). Note

2.If a sample catches fire, explodes, or leaks during the electrostatic discharge test, it is considered to be non-compliant with the requirements of this document.

4.6.5 Type Test Items Unless otherwise stated, all tests specified in this document are type tests. Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be conducted only on products manufactured within the last 12 months. The type test items for batteries and battery packs are shown in Table

1.The "Sample Quantity (Number)" column in the table indicates the number of test samples and their numbers.

4.6.6 Test Criteria A test can only be considered (qualified) if all test samples pass the tests.

4.7 Single Failure Condition When applying simulated faults or abnormal operating conditions, they should be applied sequentially, simulating one fault at a time. The direct cause of the failure is considered to be part of the simulated failure or abnormal operating conditions. When a single fault is set, this single fault includes the failure of any component. Reasonable and foreseeable failure conditions should be determined by examining the circuit board, circuit diagram, and component specifications, for example.

5.3 Labeling and Warning Instructions

5.3.1 Labeling Requirements The markings on batteries or battery packs should be clear and legible, and should not be confusing. When using Chinese characters, at least the following labels should be indicated.

a) Product name and model.

b) Rated capacity, rated energy, charging limit voltage, and nominal voltage.

c) Positive and negative polarity (output terminal), using the words "positive" and "negative" and the symbols "+" and "-".

e) Production plant.

f) Production date, in the order of "year, month, day", separated by "-", ".", or "/". Acceptable examples are as follows: The production date is indicated using "April 10, 2027", but "2027-04-10", "2027.04.10", "2027/04/10" or other formats are also acceptable. The identifier "20270410" (representing April 10, 2027) should be used with the suggested term "production date" added. Or it can be explained in the specifications. The rated energy value should meet the definition of rated energy. The coding of batteries and battery packs shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 45565. Battery or battery pack markings should comply with the requirements in Table 3. For replaceable battery packs with a maximum surface area greater than 10 cm^2, the safe service life should also be marked on the battery pack itself. The recommended safe service life is × years.

5.3.2 Warning Instructions The battery pack itself or its smallest packaging should have warning instructions in Chinese.

5.3.3 Durability This clause applies only to replaceable battery packs. Any markings and warnings on the battery pack should be durable and prominent. When considering its durability, normal use should be taken into account. The impact should be taken into account. Check the labels and warnings to ensure they are up to standard. When wiping labels and warnings, use a damp cotton cloth. Wipe for 15 seconds, then wipe different locations or samples for 15 seconds with a cotton cloth soaked in 75% (volume fraction) medical alcohol. Test Afterwards, the signs and warnings should remain clear, the nameplate should not be easily peeled off, and there should be no curled edges.

5.4 Safety-critical components

5.4.1 Basic Requirements In safety-related situations, components in batteries, battery packs, and protection circuits, such as positive temperature coefficient thermistors (PTCs) and thermocouples, should be protected. The components, etc., should meet the requirements of this document, or comply with the relevant national standards, industry standards or other specifications concerning safety of components. Requirements and reference standards are detailed in Appendix A.

Note. A standard is considered relevant only when a component clearly falls within the scope of a national standard, industry standard, or other applicable standards for that component.

5.4.2 Evaluation and Testing of Components The evaluation and testing of components shall be carried out in accordance with the following provisions.

a) When a component has been proven to conform to a standard that is harmonized with the relevant national, industry, or other specifications for components. When using this component, check whether it is correctly applied and used according to its rated values. This component should also be considered as part of a battery, battery pack, or protection system. One component of the circuit is subject to the tests specified in this document, but not to the relevant national or industry standards for components. Or other tests specified in the standards.

b) If a component fails to demonstrate compliance with the relevant standards as described above, its correct rating should be checked. Application and use. This component should also be used as part of a battery, battery pack, or protection circuit, subject to the conditions specified in this document. The relevant tests should also be conducted according to the actual conditions existing in the battery, battery pack, or protection circuit, and the component should withstand the conditions specified in the component standard. The relevant experiment.

Note. To verify whether a component meets the standard for that component, the component is usually tested separately.

c) If a component does not have a corresponding national standard, industry standard, or other specification, or if the component is not used in the circuit according to its specified rating... If used under fixed conditions, the component should be tested according to the actual conditions present in the battery, battery pack, or protection circuit. The testing requirements... The number of samples is usually the same as that required by the equivalent standard.

7.1 Overview 7.2~

7.16 apply to batteries; 7.2~

7.15 apply to battery packs. For non-user-replaceable battery packs... It is permitted to be tested together with toy products.

7.2 Low pressure After fully charging the sample according to the test method specified in 4.5.1, place it in a vacuum chamber at 20°C±5°C, and evacuate to reduce the pressure inside the chamber. The pressure was as low as

11.6 kPa (simulated altitude 15240

m) and maintained for 6 hours. Specific test methods can be found in the relevant clauses of GB/T 2423.21. The sample should not catch fire, explode, or leak.

7.3 Temperature Cycling Place the fully charged sample in the test chamber and conduct the test according to the following steps (see Figure 2).

a) Maintain at 72°C±2°C for 6 hours;

b) Keep at -40°C±2°C for 6 hours;

a) to b), for a total of 10 cycles;

d) Store at an ambient temperature of 25°C±5°C for at least 6 hours.

7.4 Vibration The fully charged sample was fastened to the vibration test bench, and sinusoidal vibration test was performed according to the parameters in Table 4.

7.5 Acceleration Impact The fully charged sample was fixed on the impact stage and subjected to a half-sine pulse impact test. Within the first 3 ms, the minimum average acceleration was... The peak acceleration was 150gn ± 25gn, and the pulse duration was 6ms ± 1ms. Three acceleration impact tests were performed in each direction. Cylindrical and snap-fit specimens were subjected to impact tests in both the positive and negative directions according to their axial and radial mounting positions, for a total of 12 tests. Impact testing was conducted on square and flexible packaging samples in two directions, one forward and one reverse, at three mutually perpendicular installation positions. A total of [number missing] impact tests were performed. 18 impacts. Specific test methods can be found in the relevant clauses of GB/T 2423.5. After the test, the battery pack should be subjected to one more charge-discharge cycle according to the charge-discharge procedure specified in 4.5; if the battery pack cannot be charged and discharged... If the electricity is turned off, the experiment ends.

7.6 Fall After fully charging the sample according to the test method specified in 4.5.1, it was dropped freely onto a concrete surface from the drop height specified in Table 5. On the surface. For the battery samples, cylindrical and button cells were dropped once on each end face and twice on the side of the cylindrical cells, for a total of four drop tests. Test. Each side of the square and soft-pack batteries was dropped once, for a total of 6 tests. For the battery pack sample, three mutually perpendicular axes were selected, and it was dropped a total of 6 times in both directions. Non-replaceable battery packs are permitted to be installed... The device is installed inside the equipment and dropped once on each side. After the test, the battery pack should be subjected to one more charge-discharge cycle according to the charge-discharge procedure specified in 4.5; if the battery pack cannot be charged and discharged... If the electricity is turned off, the experiment ends.

7.7 Extrusion For cylindrical batteries, hard-cased prismatic batteries, and pouch prismatic batteries, after fully charging the batteries according to the test method specified in 4.5.1, place them in... Within two planes, a 25mm diameter steel semi-cylinder needs to be placed on the battery for compression, with the longitudinal axis of the semi-cylinder passing through the geometric center of the sample. Furthermore, the pressure should be perpendicular to the direction of the battery tabs, and the compression speed should be