GB 22508-2016Code of practice for the prevention and reduction of mycotoxin contamination in cereals (English PDF)

Foreword

This standard replaces GB/T 22508-2008 "Code for the prevention and reduction of fungal toxin contamination in cereals".

This standard compared with GB/T 22508-2008, the main changes are as follows.

--- standard name changed to "food safety national standard raw grain storage and transportation health norms";

--- delete the contents of planting, harvesting and harvesting period;

--- the original standard to prevent and reduce mycotoxin contamination of the content to prevent and reduce the grain storage and transportation process may be affected by the students Material, chemical, physical factors pollution content;

--- Refine the original grain storage and transportation process in the control of hazards, and enhance the standard operability.

National standards for food safety Code of Hygienic Practice for Raw and Grain Storage and Transportation

1 Scope

This standard stipulates the basic requirements and management criteria of the environment, facilities and equipment, personnel in the process of grain storage and transportation.

This standard applies to the storage and transportation of raw grain.

2 Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions in GB 14881-2013 apply to this standard.

3 Raw grain health requirements

Raw grain should meet the relevant requirements in GB 2715, GB 2761, GB 2762 and GB 2763 during the acquisition, storage and transportation.

4 Reservoir environment

4.1 Consideration should be given to the potential pollution risks associated with storage of raw stock in the reservoir area and to take appropriate measures to minimize them.

4.2 Grain storage should be a reasonable layout, the functional area is divided, and there are appropriate separation or separation measures.

4.3 Roads should be laid in the cement storage of cement concrete, open space should take the necessary measures, such as the laying of cement concrete, tiles, etc., to keep the environment clear Clean, to prevent the normal weather dust and water and other phenomena occur.

4.4 Granary construction sites should be away from sources of pollution, dangerous sources, to avoid floods and low-lying areas of water, granaries should not be surrounded by a large number of pests Potential place.

4.5 freight yard and operating area should be kept clean, timely removal of residual grain, dust and debris.

5 Storage facilities, equipment requirements

5.1 Granary construction and design should meet the requirements of relevant national laws and regulations.

5.2 Granary process should be based on the granary function, warehouse type, into the grain, the type of grain, grain storage cycle and other conditions to determine, consider loading and unloading, lose to send, clean, dust, metering, storage, packaging, drying, inspection (chemical) inspection, mechanical ventilation, food detection, fumigation and other operations need, process stress Reasonable, safe, simple and flexible. Warehouse, factory combination, should also meet the relevant requirements in GB 13122.

5.3 The contact surface between the equipment and the appliance in contact with the original grain shall be made of a safe, non-toxic and odorless material and shall be easy to clean and maintain.

5.4 All production equipment shall be designed and constructed to avoid mixing of parts, metal debris, lubricants or other contaminants into the original grain and shall be easily Clean, check and maintain.

5.5 granary doors and windows, vents to be tight and tight insulation measures. Doors and windows, holes should be set up pest control facilities, such as board, net and so on.

5.6 Inspection, cleaning and maintenance of short positions, equipment, and utensils should be made before the original grain is stored. When the live insects are found, Insecticide treatment with insecticide to ensure that the granary, doors and windows in good condition, all short positions, equipment, and utensils do not leave grain, dust and debris, no live insects.

6 Transport facilities, equipment requirements

6.1 loaded compartment (cabin) good sealing, with moisture-proof performance, equipped with dust, fly, sun, rain and other equipment. Packaging the original grain and rail when you open the car, use a tarpaulin or waterproof plastic cloth to cover and bind firmly.

6.2 The same means of transport must be loaded with the same type of raw grain. If the special circumstances must be assembled, to take the appropriate isolation measures to make Clearly marked.

6.3 loading car, the ship must have bedding (rail K17, L18 type of raw materials such as the original transport vehicles), bedding should be used sacks or plastic Weaving and other materials are not easy to absorb moisture.

6.4 When the water transport, the original grain to be closed after the closure of the hatch and seal.

7 Health management

8 Storage and transportation of raw grain safety control

9 Test

9.1 should establish the original grain warehouse inspection system, issued inspection report.

9.2 shall be inspected by self-inspection or commissioned by a competent food inspection agency.

9.3 Self-inspection shall have the laboratory and inspection capability appropriate to the inspection items, and shall be checked by the inspection personnel with the corresponding qualification Test method to test.

9.4 The laboratory should have a sound management system, and properly keep the inspection records and inspection reports. Should establish a sample system, timely reservations sample.

10 Training

10.1 The training system should be established to carry out the corresponding food safety knowledge training for the relevant personnel.

10.2 According to the different job system, the development of annual training program, the corresponding training, special types of work should be holders of posts.

10.3 Training programs should be reviewed and revised regularly to assess the effectiveness of training and conduct routine inspections to ensure the effective implementation of the program.

10.4 Training records should be maintained.

Management system and personnel 11.1 establish and improve the original grain storage and transportation safety management system, take the appropriate management measures, the whole process of grain storage and transportation control.

11.2 establish the original grain safety management agencies, responsible for the management of the original grain safety.

11.3 Raw grain safety management agencies, the departments should be equipped with professional training of raw grain safety professional and technical personnel, management personnel.

12 Records and document management

12.1 should establish a corresponding record management system, the acquisition of raw grain, inspection, storage, transportation and other aspects of a detailed record.

12.2 Records shall be reviewed by the executive and the relevant management personnel for signatures or signatures. If the record is modified, Change the text near the signature or signature, to avoid the original painted so that can not be identified.

12.3 The record shall be kept for a period not less than 2 years.

12.4 Documents management systems and archives should be established.

12.5 Encourage the use of advanced technical means (eg electronic computer information systems) for recording and document management.

Appendix A

Guidance on water and mold control procedures in the process of grain storage and transportation A.1 detect the contents Raw grain moisture content, mildew.

A.2 Detection cycle

Safe moisture of raw grain at least once a quarter detection; more than the safety of raw water at least once a month. Found that grain temperature should be increased Ready to be tested at any time.

A.3 Detection point setting A.3.1 A test point should be set where the moisture content is easily changed.

A.3.2 flat room inspection points on the middle, the next three layers, from the grain side, warehouse bottom, warehouse wall 0.3m even point, and should be the size of the grain in the grain There are 3 to 10 check points in the middle of the stack. Close to the door, window and ventilation area should be additional detection points.

A.3.3 vertical silo detection points on the middle and lower 3, the warehouse by the east, south, west, north, in the five positions in the grain from the surface, bottom, tube wall 0.3m Even set the point, and should be the size of the grain heap in the middle of an additional 3 to 10 detection points. Close to the inspection hole, into the grain mouth, out of the mouth and ventilation of the site should be additional detection points.

A.3.4 shallow round of the detection point points on the middle, the next three, the warehouse by the East, South, West, North, in the five positions from the grain, bottom, wall 0.3m Even set the point, and should be the size of the grain heap in the middle of an additional 3 to 10 detection points. Close to the inspection hole, natural ventilation holes, into the grain mouth, door, There shall be additional inspection points for the parts of the mouth and the ventilation duct.

A.3.5 Other positions Refer to the above requirements to set the inspection points.

A.4 Safety moisture value the safety of the original grain of water due to grain, region, storage conditions vary, different food safety water value can refer to Table A.1, specific Due to the different conditions of storage, the safety moisture value will be slightly different.

Table A.1 Safe moisture values for different foodstuffs

Raw grain category (name) wheat indica rice japonica rice corn Safe moisture value /% 12.5 13.5 14.5 14.0 13.0 Appendix B Guidance on temperature and humidity monitoring procedures in the process of grain storage and transportation B.1 Detection contents Detection of raw grain temperature and humidity, inside and outside the granary temperature and humidity.

B.2 Insect grading determination each sampling point calculates the live pest density (the sum of the number of pests inside and outside the grain) when the internal pests are detected, the number of pests in the grain sample indicates that the pest density at the highest point of the value represents the pest density of the whole warehouse and the bugs level is determined according to Table B.1.

Table B.1 Insect grading

Insect Pest Level Pest Density/(Head/kg) Main Pest Density/(Head/kg) Basic insectless food <= 5 <= 2 General insect food 6 ~ 30 3 ~ 10 Severe insect food > 30 > 10

Note 1. One of the two items, pest density and major pest density, meets the specified requirement.

Note 2. "The main pest" refers to the corn elephant, rice elephant, rice beetle, big beetle, mung bean elephant, pea elephant, mushroom like, coffee beans, wheat moth and Indian rice borer.

B.3 Detection frequency B.3.1 Food temperature 15 °C and below, the safety of raw water or basic insectless food within 15 days at least 1; more than the safety of raw water or the average insect food within 10 days to detect at least 1 times.

B.3.2 food temperature higher than 15 °C, the safety of raw water or no insects, basically no insect food within 7 days at least 1; more than the original moisture Food or general worm food within 5 days to detect at least 1 times.

B.4 Temperature detection B.4.1 Testing equipment Using grain detection system or other temperature measurement equipment.

B.4.2 Temperature detection point setting B.4.2.1 Bulk raw grain, the use of grain detection system, the detection points should be close to each other, the distance between the test points in any direction should not be large at 3m. If the distance between the test points is greater than 3 m for economic or other reasons, the actual distance shall be recorded. Upper, lower and around Detection points should be located in the grain from the surface, the bottom, warehouse wall 0.3m Department.

B.4.2.2 Bulk raw grain, room warehouse manual detection of grain temperature, the district should be set points, each district does not exceed 100m2, the district set up a center and four corners were 5 points as the detection point, the two points on the boundary of the two points for the common point. Grain heap height below 2m, points on the next two; grain heap height 2m ~ 4m, the upper, middle and lower layers; grain heap height of 4m ~ 6m, divided into four layers; grain height of 6m or more as appropriate to increase the number of layers.

The upper and lower test points shall be located at a distance of 0.3 m from the grain surface. The middle layer detection points are set vertically. Surround the detection point away from the wall 0.3m.

B.4.2.3 Packaging Raw grain inspection point Refer to the above principle setting.

B.4.2.4 The warehouse temperature detection point shall be located at a distance of 1 m from the grain surface in the middle of the surface of the pile, and there shall be no lighting fixtures and other Heat source.

B.4.2.5 The temperature detection point shall be located in the blind space of the open space of 1.5 m from the ground.

B.5 humidity detection B.5.1 The use of humidity sensors to detect the relative humidity in the grain heap; the use of humidity sensors, wet and dry bulb thermometer or other hygrometer detection warehouse Internal and external air relative humidity.

B.5.2 Grain detection points should be set, each district 100m2 ~ 400m2, the district set up a center and four corners of a total of 5 points, divided into two layers, respectively Located in the grain from the surface, the bottom of 0.3m, around the detection point is located at 0.3m away from the wall.

B.5.3 The relative humidity detection point in the warehouse should be located at 1 m above the grain surface in the middle of the surface of the grain and pile, and there should be no lights around the test point with other heat sources.

B.5.4 Clearance of air outside the warehouse should be located in the open space outside the warehouse 1.5m from the ground in the blinds.