GB 13544-2011Fired perforated brick and block (English PDF)

4.1 Product Classification

Based on a single raw material or main raw material, they are classified into clay (N), shale (Y), engineering waste (Z), coal gangue (M), and fly ash.

(F), silt (U), others (G).

Note. When using two raw materials, the main raw material is defined as the one with a mass fraction greater than 50% in the blend. When using three or more raw materials, the mass fraction of the blend is defined as follows.

The largest component is the main raw material.

4.2 Specifications

4.2.1 The shape of bricks and blocks is generally a right-angled hexahedron (see Appendix A).

4.2.2 The commonly used dimensions and specifications of bricks and blocks shall meet the following requirements.

a) Brick specifications (mm). 290, 240, 190, 180, 140, 115, 90;

b) Block dimensions (mm). 490, 440, 390, 340, 290, 240, 190, 180, 140, 115, 90;

c) Other specifications and dimensions shall be determined through negotiation between the supplier and the buyer.

Level 4.3

4.3.1 Strength Level

According to compressive strength, they are divided into five strength grades. MU10, MU15, MU20, MU25 and MU30.

4.3.2 Density Grade

Bricks are classified into four density grades based on their bulk density. 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300.

The blocks are classified into four density grades. 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200, based on their bulk density.

4.4 Marking

Product markings for bricks and blocks are written in the following order. product name, classification, specifications, strength grade, density grade, and standard number.

Tag example.

Sintered engineering slag porous bricks with specifications of 240 mm × 115 mm × 90 mm, strength grade MU15, and density grade 1200, their standard...

6.1 Appearance Quality

The appearance quality shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.

6.2 Dimensional tolerances

The permissible dimensional deviations shall conform to the provisions of Table 2.

6.3 Density Grade

The density grade should conform to the requirements in Table 3.

6.4 Strength Level

The strength grade should conform to the requirements of Table 4.

6.5 Hole type, pore structure, and porosity

The hole type, hole structure, and porosity should conform to the requirements in Table 5.

6.6 Frosting

Each brick or block should not show severe efflorescence.

6.7 Lime Bursting

The lime bursting of bricks and blocks shall comply with the following regulations.

a) For burst areas with a damage size greater than 2 mm and less than or equal to 15 mm, there should be no more than 15 such burst areas per group of bricks and blocks.

No more than 7 areas should have a diameter greater than 10 mm.

b) There should be no bursting areas with a damage size greater than 15 mm.

6.8 Weather resistance

6.8.1 Bricks and blocks from areas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in severely weathered zones, and bricks produced in other areas using silt and solid waste as the main raw materials.

The blocks should undergo a freeze-thaw test. Otherwise, a 5-hour boiling water absorption rate and saturation coefficient test can be conducted first.

If the values do not conform to the specifications in Table 6, a freeze-thaw test should be conducted. The classification of weathered zones is given in Appendix B.

6.9 Underfired bricks (blocks), brittle bricks (blocks)

The product should not contain underfired bricks (blocks) or brittle bricks (blocks).

6.10 Limits on Radionuclides

The limits for radionuclides shall comply with the provisions of GB 6566.

6.11 Limits for leachable hazardous metal elements

The limits for leached hazardous metal elements shall comply with the provisions of GB 46040.

7.1 Appearance Quality

The test shall be conducted in accordance with GB/T 2542, with a sample quantity of 50 pieces.

7.2 Dimensional tolerances

The procedure shall be carried out according to GB/T 2542, with 20 samples. For each dimension, any measurement less than 0.5 mm shall be counted as 0.5 mm.

The directional dimension is expressed as the arithmetic mean of the two measurements.

The sample mean deviation is the arithmetic mean of 40 measured dimensions in the same direction for 20 specimens, minus the difference in their nominal dimensions. The sample extreme values...

The difference is the difference between the maximum and minimum measured values among 40 measured dimensions in the same direction in 20 specimens.

7.3 Density grade, pore type and porosity, efflorescence, lime bursting

Proceed according to GB/T 2542.

7.4 Intensity Level

7.4.1 Test Methods

The molding process was carried out according to GB/T 2542, using a two-stage molding method. Strength is presented in the table below, showing the compressive strength results of the large surface (perforated surface).

As shown. The number of samples is 10.

7.4.2 Result Calculation and Evaluation

The strength grade of bricks and blocks is determined by the average compressive strength f and the standard strength value fk, accurate to 0.1 MPa. The standard strength value is based on the formula...

Calculate using formula (1).

7.5 Weather resistance

The water absorption rate and saturation coefficient after boiling for 5 hours, and the freeze-thaw cycle shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 2542.

7.6 Underfired bricks (blocks), brittle bricks (blocks)

Proceed as specified in Appendix C.

7.7 Limits on Radionuclides

Proceed in accordance with GB 6566.

7.8 Limits for leachable hazardous metal elements

Proceed according to GB 46040.

8.1 Inspection Classification

8.1.1 Factory Inspection

Factory inspection items include dimensional tolerances, appearance quality, density and strength grades, pore type and structure, and porosity.

8.1.2 Type Testing

Type testing includes all items listed in Chapter 6: Type testing shall be conducted in any of the following circumstances.

a) Trial production and type approval testing at the new factory;

b) When significant changes occur in raw materials, processes, etc. after formal production, which may affect product performance;

c) During normal production, this should be done every 12 months;

d) When resuming production after a shutdown of more than 90 days;

e) When the factory inspection results differ significantly from the previous type inspection results.

8.2 Batch

The composition principles and batch size of inspection lots shall comply with the provisions of JC/T 466.Lots made from the same raw materials, using the same production process, and of the same quality grade shall be subject to these regulations.

A batch consists of 35,000 to 150,000 pieces; any quantity less than 35,000 pieces is counted as one batch.

8.3 Sampling

8.3.1 Samples for appearance quality inspection shall be randomly sampled from the product stack of each inspection batch.

8.3.2 Samples for other inspection items shall be randomly selected from the batch of samples that have passed the appearance quality inspection.

8.3.3 The sampling size shall be determined according to Table 8.

8.4 Judgment Rules

8.4.1 Single Item Judgment

8.4.1.1 Appearance Quality

The sampling plan for appearance quality follows the provisions of JC/T 466.Based on the technical requirements in Table 1, the following are inspected according to the provisions of GB/T 2542.

The number of non-conforming items, d1, is determined according to the following rules.

8.4.1.2 Dimensional tolerances

It should comply with the requirements in Table 2.Otherwise, it is deemed unqualified.

8.4.1.3 Density Grade

It should comply with the requirements in Table 3.Otherwise, the product of this grade is deemed unqualified.

8.4.1.4 Strength Level

It should comply with the requirements in Table 4.Otherwise, the product of this grade is deemed unqualified.

8.4.1.5 Hole type, pore structure, and porosity

It should comply with the requirements in Table 5.Otherwise, it is deemed unqualified.

8.4.1.6 Efflorescence and lime popping

It should comply with the provisions of 6.6 and 6.7 respectively. Otherwise, it is deemed unqualified.

8.4.1.7 Weather resistance

It should comply with the requirements of Table 6 or Table 7.Otherwise, it is deemed unqualified.

8.4.1.8 Underfired bricks (blocks), brittle bricks (blocks)

It should comply with the requirements of 6.9.Otherwise, it will be deemed unqualified.

8.4.1.9 Limits on Radionuclides

It should comply with the requirements of GB 6566.Otherwise, it is deemed unqualified.

8.4.1.10 Limits for leachable hazardous metal elements

It should comply with the requirements of GB 46040.Otherwise, it is deemed unqualified.

8.4.2 Overall Judgment

8.4.2.1 If underfired bricks (blocks) or broken bricks (blocks) are found in the samples inspected for appearance, the batch of products shall be deemed unqualified.

8.4.2.2 Factory Inspection

According to the factory inspection items and the most recent type test within the time limit, the technical performance of lime bursting, efflorescence, weathering resistance, etc.

If all technical indicators meet the requirements of Chapter 6, the batch of products is deemed qualified at the corresponding grade. Otherwise, the batch of products is deemed unqualified.

8.4.2.3 Type Testing

If all technical specifications meet the requirements of Chapter 6, the batch of products is deemed qualified at the corresponding grade. Otherwise, the batch of products is deemed unqualified.

9.1 Product Certificate

The product quality certificate should include at least the following. manufacturer's name, product marking, batch number and serial number, inspection results, production date, and inspector's name.

Company seal.

9.2 Storage

When storing products, they should be neatly stored according to variety, specifications, and grade, and should not be mixed together.

9.3 Transportation

During transportation and loading/unloading, handle with care, avoid collisions, throwing, or overturning.