GA/T 1583-2019Forensic sciences - Technical specifications for skeletal age evaluation of han population teenagers (English PDF)

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.

Please note that some elements of this document may involve patents. The issuer of this document is not responsible for identifying these patents.

This standard was proposed by the National Criminal Technology Standardization Technical Committee.

This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Criminal Technical Standardization Technical Committee Forensic Inspection Branch Technical Committee (SAC/TC 179/SC 6).

This standard was drafted. Ministry of Justice Institute of Forensic Science and Technology, Material Evidence Identification Center of Ministry of Public Security.

1 Scope

This standard specifies the principles, methods, and contents of bone age assessment for Han adolescents.

This standard applies to the identification of bone age of 12 to 20-year-old Han nationality adolescents. There is no prescribed method for the bone age identification of adolescents in ethnic minorities the following can also be identified with reference to this standard.

2 Normative references

The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document.

For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.

TY/T 3001-2006 Wrist bone maturity and evaluation methods in Chinese adolescents and children.

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document.

Bone age

A measure of skeletal developmental maturity in adolescents.

Bone age evaluation

The process of bone age is inferred from the radiographic characteristics of individual bones.

Living age

Individual age calculated from the date of birth.

Development stage

According to the characteristics of ossification center and epiphyseal morphology and density changes on X-ray images, the bone development process is divided into several stages.

Ossification center

In the process of bone development, the site of ossification first.

Epiphysis

The enlarged structure of the two ends of the bone formed by the secondary ossification center.

Epiphyseal plate

Plate-shaped hyaline cartilage between the secondary ossification center of the long bone crest and the metaphysis at the growth stage.

Articular surface

Opposite faces of the bones that make up the joint, named after the section to which it relates.

Bone age evaluation standard Methods and content for assessing the maturity of an individual's bone development.

4 Identification principles

Because there are some differences in bone development speed in different parts of the human body, bone age identification should be based on the development and 具体 Specific analysis and comprehensive judgment of the degree of closure.

There is a certain difference between the bone age identification and the actual age, and the opinions of bone age identification should fully consider this difference.

Physical examination is helpful to discover the influence of physical retardation or abnormality on the identification of bone age. It can be used as a reference for identification under conditions.

test.

5 Identification method

6 Identification standards

The results of secondary ossification centers and epiphyseal development of 24 different parts of Han adolescent boys and girls of different age groups are comprehensive according to Appendix B.

Analysis and comprehensive judgment.

Note. According to the preliminary research results, when applying this standard for bone age identification, when the error is limited to "± 1.0" years of age, its accuracy can reach 90%, so it is recommended the age of life error reported when applying this standard for bone age identification is preferably 2 years old.

Appendix A

(Normative appendix) Bone Development Classification Standard Atlas A.1 Clavicle sternal end A.1.1 Level 1 the secondary ossification center has not yet appeared, and the metaphysis is slightly sunken.

A.1.2 Level 2

Secondary ossification centers began to appear, showing a strip-like slightly high-density shadow; the metaphysis was slightly full.

A.1.3 Level 3

The secondary ossification center partly covers the metaphysis, which is less than 1/2 of the metaphysis; the patellar cartilage space is wide and clear.

A.1.4 Level 4

Most of the secondary ossification centers covered the metaphysis, more than 1/2 of the metaphysis; the patellar cartilage space was still wide and clear.

A.1.5 Level 5

The secondary ossification center basically covered the metaphysis, the metaphysis and the metaphysis began to be fully closed; the patellar cartilage space was blurred.

A.1.6 Level 6

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.2 Proximal humerus A.2.1 Level 1 the sacral cartilage space between the secondary ossification center (high side) and the metaphysis is blurred; the front (low side) of the secondary ossification center and the metaphysis the patellar cartilage space between the ends is complete and clear.

A.2.2 Level 2

The point between the back of the secondary ossification center (high side) and the top of the metaphyseal conical surface is point-like; the front of the secondary ossification center (low side) and the metaphysis begins to close and the patellar cartilage space becomes blurred.

A.2.3 Level 3

The secondary (high) side of the secondary ossification center is partially closed with the metaphysis, and the closed sacral line extends to both sides, and the closed range is less than 1/2; secondary the anterior (lower) surface of the ossification center and the metaphysis are not completely closed.

A.2.4 Level 4

Most of the back (high side) of the secondary ossification center and the metaphysis are closed.

Gap; the front (lower side) and metaphysis of the secondary ossification center have not been completely closed.

A.2.5 Level 5

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.3 Clavicle acromion A.3.1 Level 1 the edge of the acromioclavicular acromion is unclear and irregular.

A.3.2 Level 2

The full edges begin to form and the outline becomes clear.

A.3.3 Level 3

The edge gradually ossified, showing a discontinuous dense line; forming the normal anatomical shape of the acromioclavicular acromion.

A.4 Scapula acromion A.4.1 Level 1 the secondary ossification center has not yet appeared; the scapula's acromion has an unclear edge and is wavy or lace-like.

A.4.2 Level 2

Secondary ossification centers began to appear, showing small pieces or pieces.

A.4.3 Level 3

The secondary ossification centers gradually increased and merged with each other, partially or completely covering the acromion; the stems and ridges began to point closed.

A.4.4 Level 4

The trunk and palate are partially closed and closed in multiple points; the closed patellar cartilage space is discontinuous.

A.4.5 Level 5

Most of the trunk and palate are closed; the closed patellar cartilage space is a continuous line.

A.4.6 Level 6

All the stems and ridges were closed, and the ridge marks disappeared.

A.5 Humeral epicondyle A.5.1 Level 1 the patellar cartilage space between the secondary ossification center and the metaphysis is complete and clear.

A.5.2 Level 2

The metaphysis and palate begin to close, and the patellar cartilage space between the metaphysis and palate becomes blurred.

A.5.3 Level 3

The trunk and palate are partially closed, and the closed patellar cartilage space is linear and extends to one side.

A.5.4 Level 4

All the stems and ridges were closed, and the ridge marks disappeared.

A.6 Small head of humerus A.6.1 Level 1 the secondary ossification center was wedge-shaped, and the patellar cartilage space between the trunk and palate was complete and clear.

A.6.2 Level 2

The metatarsus and palate begin to close, and the closed range is less than 1/2;

A.6.3 Level 3

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2.

A.6.4 Level 4

All the stems and ridges were closed, and the ridge marks disappeared.

A.7 Radial head

A.7.1 Level 1

The secondary ossification center is discoid, the lateral end is slightly thicker than the medial end, and the maximum transverse diameter is smaller than the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis;

The gap is complete and clear.

A.7.2 Level 2

The secondary ossification center was cap-like and covered the metaphysis, with the largest transverse diameter slightly larger than the maximal transverse diameter of the metaphysis;

The front narrows and blurs.

A.7.3 Level 3

The stems and ridges began to close, and the closing range was less than 1/2.

A.7.4 Level 4

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2, and there is still a small gap at the edges of the stems and ridges.

A.7.5 Level 5

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.8 distal radius

A.8.1 Level 1

Styloid emergence; secondary ossification center metatarsal differentiation into metacarpophalangeal surface (white edge) and dorsal articular surface (shadow), the maximum transverse diameter is approximately dry Maximum transverse diameter at the distal end; small peaks between the scaphoid and lunar articular surfaces of the radial bone; the patellar cartilage space between the trunk and palate is complete and clear.

A.8.2 Level 2

The styloid process has an embryonic shape; the secondary ossification center is cap-like and covers the metaphysis, the maximum transverse diameter exceeds the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis, and the secondary ossification center the ulnar articular surface can distinguish between the metacarpophalangeal surface (white edge) and the dorsal articular surface (shadow); the small peak-shaped protrusions between the radial boat and the lunar surface Obviously; the trunk and palate begin to close, and the patellar cartilage space between the trunk and palate gradually becomes blurred.

A.8.3 Level 3

The styloid process protrudes toward the palm; the stem and palate are partially closed, and the closed range is less than 1/2.

A.8.4 Level 4

Styloid processes formed; most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2, and there is still a small gap at the edges of the stems and ridges.

A.8.5 Level 5

All the stems and ridges were closed, and the ridges remained or disappeared.

A.9 distal ulna

A.9.1 Level 1

Styloid emergence; secondary ossification center has a concave-convex contour, the maximum transverse diameter is greater than 1/2 of the maximum metaphyseal diameter; metatarsal cartilage between stem and ridge the gap is complete and clear.

A.9.2 Level 2

The styloid process has an initial shape, and the outline is fuzzy; the maximum transverse diameter of the secondary ossification center is similar to the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis;

The gap becomes blurred.

A.9.3 Level 3

The styloid process is larger than before and the outline is clear; the secondary ossification center is slightly sunken on the side of the trunk; the stems and ridges begin to close, and the closed range is less than 1/2.

A.9.4 Level 4

The styloid process is formed; most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2, and there is a small gap in the edges of the stems and ridges.

A.9.5 Level 5

A circular articular surface is formed; the stem and the iliac crest are all closed, and the iliac crest remains or disappears.

A.10 Distal first metacarpal A.10.1 Level 1 the medial end of the secondary ossification center is slightly smaller than the lateral end, and the maximum transverse diameter is slightly smaller than the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis;

Neat and clear.

A.10.2 Level 2

The side of the secondary ossification center is slightly depressed, and the maximum transverse diameter is slightly larger than the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis;

The patellar cartilage space between the trunk and palate is blurred.

A.10.3 Level 3

The trunk and ridge are partially closed, and the closing range is more than 1/2. There is still a small gap at the edges of the trunk and ridge.

A.10.4 Level 4

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.11 Third and fifth metacarpals A.11.1 Level 1 the secondary ossification center is nail-shaped or spade-shaped, with vertical dense lines visible on both sides; the maximum transverse diameter of the secondary ossification center is approximately dry.

Maximum transverse diameter at the distal end; the patellar cartilage space between the trunk and palate is complete and clear.

A.11.2 Level 2

One or both sides of the secondary ossification center are cap-like covering the metaphysis, with the largest transverse diameter slightly larger than the maximal transverse diameter of the metaphysis;

The cartilage space is narrower and blurred than before.

A.11.3 Level 3

The secondary ossification center showed a horizontal "D" shape; the stem and ridge began to close, and the closed range was less than 1/2.

A.11.4 Level 4

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, the closing range is more than 1/2, and there is still a small gap at the edges of the stem and ridges.

A.11.5 Level 5

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.12 Proximal, middle and distal phalanx A.12.1 Level 1 A.12.2 Level 2 One or both sides of the secondary ossification center are cap-like covering the metaphysis, with the maximum transverse diameter slightly larger than the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis;

The palate begins to close, and the patellar cartilage space between the trunk and palate is narrower and obscure than before;

Unclear.

A.12.3 Level 3

The trunk and palate are partially closed, and the patellar cartilage space is linear at the closure; the outline of the phalanx inside the first metacarpophalangeal joint is clear.

A.12.4 Level 4

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

The maximum transverse diameter of the secondary ossification center is similar to the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis, and the patellar cartilage gap between the metaphysis and the metatarsus is complete and clear; first, the secondary ossification center of the third and fifth proximal phalanges is slightly depressed; the secondary ossification center of the third and fifth phalanges is inverted triangle.

A.13

A.13.1 Level 1

The secondary ossification center has not yet appeared; the palate part is jagged, mostly starting from the outside.

A.13.2 Level 2

One or more secondary ossification centers began to appear; a slightly high-density arc shadow, most of which corresponded to the jagged edge A.13.3 Level 3 the secondary ossification center partly covers the tadpole, whose length is less than 1/2 of the total length of the tadpole; the secondary ossification center and the tadpole may both have a jagged edge and Correspond to each other.

A.13.4 Level 4

Most of the secondary ossification centers cover the iliac crest, and its length reaches 1/2 to 2/3 of the total length of the iliac crest; the iliac cartilage gap is wide and clear, and still the jagged edges correspond.

A.13.5 Level 5

The secondary ossification center basically covers the ridge, and its length reaches more than 2/3 of the total length of the ridge. The secondary ossification center and the ridge begin to close, and the ridge becomes soft.

The bone is narrower than before, and it can be seen that the trabecular bone passes and the jagged edge becomes blurred.

A.13.6 Level 6

The secondary ossification center covers the entire length of the iliac crest; its thickness increases, mostly in the middle; the secondary ossification center is partially closed with the iliac crest.

A.13.7 Level 7

Most of the secondary ossification centers are closed with the iliac crest; there is still a small gap between the secondary ossification center and the iliac crest.

A.13.8 Level 8

The secondary ossification center is completely closed with the iliac crest, forming the normal anatomical shape of the crest.

A.14 Ischia

A.14.1 Level 1

Secondary ossification centers have not yet appeared.

A.14.2 Level 2

Secondary ossification centers began to appear, showing a strip-like slightly higher density shadow.

A.14.3 Level 3

The length of the secondary ossification center is close to the lowest point of the ischium; the secondary ossification center and the ischia begin to close, and the trabecular bone can be seen to pass.

A.14.4 Level 4

The secondary ossification center basically covers the ischial branch; the secondary ossification center is partially closed with the ischium.

A.14.5 Level 5

The secondary ossification center is completely closed with the ischia, forming the normal anatomical shape of the ischia.

A.15 Acetabular

A.15.1 Level 1

The acetabular margin is blurred and discontinuous; the acetabulum has not been fully closed.

A.15.2 Level 2

The acetabular margin is a continuous dense line, and the acetabulum is completely closed, forming a normal anatomical shape.

A.16 Femoral head

A.16.1 Level 1

The secondary ossification center was cap-shaped on one or both sides to cover the trunk and palate; the trunk and palate began to close, and the patellar cartilage space became blurred, showing small bone the beam passed.

A.16.2 Level 2

The stem and ridge are partially closed, and the closing range is less than 1/2.

A.16.3 Level 3

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2; there is still a small gap on one or both sides of the stems and ridges.

A.16.4 Level 4

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.17 Big rotor

A.17.1 Level 1

The metaphysis and palate began to close, mostly starting in the middle. It can be seen that the trabecular bone passes through, and the patellar cartilage space on both sides is wide and obvious.

A.17.2 Level 2

The trunk and ridge are partially closed, the closing range is less than 1/2, and the gap on both sides is narrower than before.

A.17.3 Level 3

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2; there is still a gap on one or both sides of the stems and ridges.

A.17.4 Level 4

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.18 Distal femur

A.18.1 Level 1

The secondary ossification center was hat-like; the trunk and palate began to close, the patellar cartilage space became blurred, and the trabecular bone was seen to pass.

A.18.2 Level 2

The secondary ossification center was cap-like and covered on the metaphysis; the stem and the zygomatic part were closed, and the closed range was less than 1/2, and most of them started in the middle, and the cartilage was the gap is narrower than before.

A.18.3 Level 3

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2; there is still a gap on one or both sides of the stems and ridges.

A.18.4 Level 4

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.19 Proximal tibia

A.19.1 Level 1

The metaphysis and palate began to close, the patellar cartilage space became blurred, and the trabecular bone was seen to pass.

A.19.2 Level 2

The metaphysis and metaphysis are partially closed, and the range of closure is less than 1/2; the secondary ossification center is cap-like and covers the metaphysis.

A.19.3 Level 3

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2; there is still a gap on one or both sides of the stems and ridges.

A.19.4 Level 4

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.20 Proximal Fibula A.20.1 Level 1 the maximum transverse diameter of the secondary ossification center is similar to the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis, and the outer side is thicker than the inner side; the patellar cartilage space is wide and clear.

A.20.2 Level 2

The trunk and palate begin to close, mostly in the middle; the patellar cartilage space is narrower and blurred than before, and it can be seen that the trabecular bone passes.

A.20.3 Level 3

The stem and ridge are partially closed, and the closing range is less than 1/2.

A.20.4 Level 4

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closed range is more than 1/2; there is still a gap on one or both sides of the stems and ridges.

A.20.5 Level 5

The stem and the iliac crest are all closed, and the iliac crest remains or disappears, forming the normal anatomical shape of the fibula head.

A.21 Distal tibia

A.21.1 Level 1

The patellar cartilage space is wide and clear; the maximum transverse diameter of the secondary ossification center is slightly wider than the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis, and a medial malleolus is formed.

A.21.2 Level 2

The metaphysis and palate began to close, and the patellar cartilage space became narrower and blurred than before, showing that the trabecular bone had passed and the shaping of the medial malleolus was completed.

A.21.3 Level 3

The stems and ridges are partially closed, the closing range is less than 1/2, and the closing mostly starts in the middle.

A.21.4 Level 4

Most of the stems and ridges are closed, and the closing range is greater than 1/2; there is still a gap on one or both sides of the stems and ridges.

A.21.5 Level 5

All the stems and ridges are closed, and the ridges remain or disappear.

A.22 Distal fibula

A.22.1 Level 1

The patellar cartilage space is wide and clear. The maximum transverse diameter of the secondary ossification center is similar to the maximum transverse diameter of the metaphysis.

A.22.2 Level 2

The metaphysis and palate began to close, and the patellar cartilage space became narrower and blurred than before, showing that the...