FZ/T 01057.3-2025Test method for identification of textile fibers - Part 3: Microscopy (English PDF)

Foreword

This document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020 "Directives for standardization -- Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents".

This document is Part 3 of FZ/T 01057 "Test method for identification of textile fibers". The following parts of FZ/T 01057 have been published:

- Part 5: Qualitative observation of colour-production for chloring and nitrogen;

- Part 6: Qualitative observation of colour-production for chlorine and nitrogen;

- Part 7: Fibre melting point;

- Part 8: Infrared absorption spectrum;

- Part 11: Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

This document replaces FZ/T 01057.3-2007 "Test method for identification of textile fibers Part 3: Microscopy". Compared with FZ/T 01057.3-2007, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:

- Added "Terms and definitions" (see Clause 3 of this Edition);

- Merged "Reagents" and "Apparatus and tools". Added microscopic image analyzers and pipettes. Deleted small drills, dissecting knives, and fine brushes, and revised the drafting rules and presentation format (see Clause 5 of this Edition; Clauses 4 and 5 of Edition 2007);

- Revised the presentation format for "Test specimens" (see Clause 6 of this Edition;

longitudinal views of various fibers" into "Procedure" and revised the presentation format (see Clause 7 of this Edition; Clauses 7 and 8 of Edition 2007);

- Revised the wording of items a) and d) in the "Test report" (see Clause 8 of this

Edition; Clause 9 of Edition 2007);

- Changed the names of 23 types of fibers, including: "mercerized cotton" to "cotton (mercerized)"; "wool" to "sheep's wool"; "white cashmere" to "white goat cashmere"; "purple cashmere" to "purple goat cashmere"; "camel down" to "camel hair"; "viscose" to "viscose fiber (viscose)"; "Modal fiber" to "Modal fiber (Modal)"; "Lyocell fiber" to "Lyocell fiber (Lyocell)"; "acetate" to "acetate fiber (acetate)"; "milk protein-modified polyacrylonitrile fiber" to "polyacrylonitrile fiber (containing protein)"; "soybean protein fiber" to "polyvinyl alcohol fiber (containing protein)"; "polyester" to "polyester fiber"; "acrylic" to "polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic)"; "modacrylic" to "modified polyacrylonitrile fiber (modacrylic)"; "polyamide" to "polyamide fiber (polyamide, nylon)"; "vinylon" to "acetalized polyvinyl alcohol fiber (vinylon)"; "chlorofiber" to "chlorine-containing fiber (chlorofiber)"; "vinylidene chloride fiber" to "vinylidene chloride fiber (vinylidene chloride fiber)"; "spandex" to "polyurethane elastic fiber (spandex)"; "Aramid 1414" to "para-aramid fiber (Aramid 1414)"; "polyethylene fiber" to "polyethylene fiber (polyethylene fiber)"; "polypropylene fiber" to "polypropylene fiber (polypropylene fiber)"; and "polytetrafluoroethylene fiber" to "polytetrafluoroethylene fiber (fluorofiber)" (see Annex B of this Edition);

- Added descriptions of the cross-sectional and longitudinal morphological characteristics for 21 types of fibers, including kapok, calotropis fiber, kenaf, New Zealand flax, sisal, Manila hemp, horsehair, triacetate fiber, meta-aramid fiber (Aramid 1313), metal-coated fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyimide fiber, polyamide-imide fiber, seaweed fiber, melamine fiber, chitosan fiber, polyester composite elastic fiber, poly(p-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole) fiber, polybenzimidazole fiber, polyarylate fiber, and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide-co-p-phenylene-3,4'-oxydiphenylene terephthalamide) fiber (see Annex B of this Edition);

- Revised the morphological descriptions for 13 types of fibers, including the cross- sections of ramie, flax, Modal, and metallic fibers; the longitudinal views of mohair, Lyocell, polylactic acid (PLA) fibers, and polyurethane elastic fibers; and both the cross-sections and longitudinal views of bamboo fiber, camel hair, and yak hair (see Annex B of this Edition);

of three types of fibers high-wet-modulus viscose, modified nylon, and modified polyester (see Annex C of this Edition);

- Added photomicrographs showing the cross-sectional and longitudinal morphologies of 20 types of fibers, including kapok, Calotropis fiber, mulberry silk (ungummed), Modal fiber, cupro fiber, polylactic acid (PLA) fiber, metaaramid fiber, polyethylene fiber, PTFE fiber, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber, polyimide fiber, polyamide-imide fiber, seaweed fiber, melamine fiber, chitosan fiber, polyester composite elastic fiber, polyaryloxadiazole fiber, polybenzimidazole (PBI) fiber, polyarylate fiber, and polysulfonamide fiber (see Annex C of this Edition);

- Replaced morphological micrographs of 18 types of fibers, including longitudinal views of ramie, flax, mohair, viscose fiber, and metal-coated fiber; cross-sections of kendir, tussah silk, purple cashmere, rabbit hair, camel hair, protein-containing polyvinyl alcohol fiber, Lyocell fiber, polypropylene fiber, chlorine-containing fiber, and acetalized polyvinyl alcohol fiber; and cross-sections and longitudinal views of bamboo fiber, sheep wool, and white cashmere (see Annex C of this Edition);

- Changed the names of two types of fibers: including "horsehair" to "horse mane and tail hair," and "metal fiber" to "metal-coated fiber" (see Annex C of this Edition).

Annex A, Annex B, Annex C of this Part are all informative.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing authority shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document was proposed by China National Textile and Apparel Council.

This document shall be under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee on Fundamental Standards of National Technical Committee on Textiles of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 209/SC 1).

The drafting organizations of this document: CTTC Inspection & Certification Co., Ltd.; CTTC (Zhejiang) Testing Co., Ltd.; Gaoyi County Delida Textile Co., Ltd.

Main drafters of this document: Yan Chunhong, Li Na, Fan Bin, Dang Anzhen, Sui Jiaojiao, Tian Haitao, Pan Xingyi, Liu Zhanqi.

Versions of standard substituted by this document are:

- This is the third revision.

Introduction

FZ/T 01057 is a standard for test methods for the identification of textile fibers. Part 1 of FZ/T 01057 specifies the common technical requirements and general procedures for these identification methods. The other parts of FZ/T 01057 involve testing samples using various analytical methods to identify the category of unknown fibers. This document is Part 3 of FZ/T 01057 and specifies the method for identifying textile fibers using microscopy.

1 Scope

This document specifies a test method for the identification of textile fibers the Microscopy.

This document is applicable to the identification of various textile fibers.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

This document contains no terms and definitions requiring definition.

4 Principle

Observe the longitudinal and cross-sectional morphology of the unknown fiber using a microscope and/or a microscopic image analyzer. Identify the fiber type by comparing these features with the known morphological characteristics of fibers.

5 Instruments, tools, and reagents

6 Specimens

Specimen preparation and pre-treatment shall be carried out in accordance with FZ/T 01057.1.

7 Steps

8 Test report

The test report includes the following:

b) information on the test specimen;

Annex A Schematic diagram of the slicer's structure

Figure A.1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Stadie-Riggs slicer.

Figure A.2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rotary microtome.

Keys: 1 - Blade tilt angle adjustment lever; 2 - Sliding blade holder;

3 - Blade holder advance limit knob; 4 - Blade holder locking lever; 5 - Blade securing knob; 6 - Wax block horizontal adjustment knob; 7 - Wax block holder locking lever; 8 - Wax block securing screw; 9 - Wax block vertical adjustment knob; 10 - Handwheel; 11 - Section thickness adjustment knob; 12 - Handwheel stop handle.

Annex B Morphological characteristics of the cross-sections and longitudinal views of

Table B.1 presents the morphological characteristics of the cross-sections and longitudinal views of various fibers. The fiber wall is relatively thin, approximately circular in shape, and the lumen is relatively large Smooth surface, flat and ribbon-like, twisted, sometimes with water droplets Calotropis gigantea fiber Approximately oblate or elongated in shape Smooth, straight, flat, ribbon-like, and transparent Ramie Kidney-shaped, with a central cavity and fissures The fibers are relatively coarse, featuring longitudinal striations and transverse, bamboo-like nodes Flax Polygonal shape with a small central cavity The fibers are relatively fine and feature transverse, bamboo-like nodes Marijuana Polygonal, oblate, or waist-shaped, with a central cavity Fiber diameters and morphologies vary significantly, and transverse nodes are indistinct Dogbane Polygonal, oval (stadium-shaped), etc. Glossy; transverse nodes are indistinct. The surface features a bark-like texture; […]

Annex C Examples of photomicrographs showing the cross-sectional and longitudinal

Bibliography

[12] LY/T 2226, Test methods for identification of bamboo fibers for textile use [13] T/CNTAC 120, Identification Methods for Calotropis Gigantea Fibers